Electronic circuit capable of distinguishing the pulses emitted by separate counters in a given time phase and determining whether the pulses were emitted by the same particle or correspond to a single event.

The series of rings or bands formed when light beams reflected from two polished, adjacent surfaces, placed together with a...

A ruggedized scintillation counter used in oil well logging. The cylindrical housing contains a gamma ray source, a...

Adaptive optics (AO) is a technology used to improve the performance of optical systems by reducing the effects of...

A device, also called a fluorescence lifetime instrument, that measures decay curves of fluorescing samples. It generally...

A receiver for optical communications systems consisting of a symmetric binary, pulse-code-modulated transmitter, a...

A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...

Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...

A laser warning and countermeasure system containing a sensor that indicates the direction of a laser beam, and analytical...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

Filoviruses are a family of viruses that are responsible for severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and...

A countermeasure used against heat seeking missiles to reduce their effectiveness. Normally it involves the emittance of...

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...

An instrument designed to measure radiation indirectly through the use of several phosphors and a photomultiplier tube. The...

A pinhole camera used to record a radioactive tracer's distribution in a subject by means of a scintillation counter or a...

Long-wave infrared (LWIR) refers to a specific range of the infrared spectrum. Infrared radiation is divided into three main...

Laser texturing is a manufacturing process that involves using a laser beam to selectively modify the surface of a material,...

An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...

A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...

A device designed to detect frequency-modulated signals by forming a unidirectional pulse from each sine wave. The direct...

A device used to evaluate the luminance of a surface by determining the number of photons emitted from a sample surface area.

The concave portion of a surface, formed on a blank, on which the disk of higher refractive glass will be fused to form a...

A device used to count objects that pass a given point by allowing each object to obstruct a beam of light falling on a...

Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum mechanics where two or more particles become correlated to such an extent...

A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) is an electronic circuit that converts a time interval between two events into an...

A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...

Holographic tomography is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and tomography to provide three-dimensional...

A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...

Gram-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that possess a cell envelope composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan...

An instrument that uses a photoelectric system to determine the size and volume of dust particles in a given unit of air.

A phage, short for bacteriophage, is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Phages are composed of...

A phase screen, in the context of optics and wave optics, refers to a surface or medium that introduces a phase delay to an...

The smallest amount of photon energy to pass a detector window and be counted.

Film designed especially for the needs and conditions encountered in aerial photography. It is produced in a variety of...

The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...

A device through which scintillations are observed or counted through a magnifying lens system.

Acronym for profile resolution obtained by excitation. In its simplest form, probe involves the overlap of two...

A photon-counting instrument for use in both space-borne and ground-based photometric and spectroscopic instrumentation....

A type of interferometer in which two coils of optical fiber are arranged so that light from a single source travels...

A circuit incorporated into counter systems that records only pulses that have amplitudes between two preselected limits.

Backscatter refers to the phenomenon in which radiation or waves are scattered backward, opposite to the direction of the...

A tachometer consisting of a light source, rotating perforated wheel and phototransistor to measure the rates of rotation of...

An instrument that detects high-energy charged particles by analysis of the Cerenkov radiation that they emit.

A type of radiation detector that depends on the ionization produced in a gas by the passage of a charged particle through...

A ring dye laser that uses prisms and a saturable absorber within the laser cavity to shape and shorten the pulses...

The angular spectrum approach is a mathematical and computational technique used in the field of optics to analyze and...

Microscopic investigation of two-dimensional areas of a three-dimensional object that can be quantitatively evaluated by...

A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite characterized by its standardized size and modular design. CubeSats are...

A charged elementary particle of an atom; the term is most commonly used in reference to the negatively charged particle...

Fraction of light counter propagating collinear with the incident source. Processes considering backscattering are Raman,...

Fresnel reflection refers to the reflection of light at the interface between two different media with different refractive...

A phenomenon in which high optical power, encountering an imperfection in an optical fiber, destroys the fiber's core and...

A near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the absorption, transmission, or reflection...

The Lorentz oscillator model is a theoretical model used in physics to describe the response of a charged particle (such as...

A fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is a type of gyroscope that uses the interference of light waves to detect changes in...

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot onboard. UAVs are remotely...

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that extends traditional Raman spectroscopy by incorporating...

Also called Geiger-Müller counter. An instrument designed to detect and measure radioactivity through the use of a...

The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...

An artificial star used to aid in adaptive optics imaging of the sky. The guide star is provided from a telescope system on...

Characterizes a substance whose plane of polarization is rotated counterclockwise as the observer looks through the material...

A microscope that has been modified to permit the quantitative analysis of dust samples.

A photoelectrical relay that uses a phototube as its photoelectric device to open and close an electrical relay; used to...

Optical phase distortion refers to a phenomenon where the phase of an optical wavefront is altered as it propagates through...

In microscopy, the chamber that is contained on a microscope slide to hold a certain amount of fluid. It is calibrated...

A disc contained within an electronic cell counter for regulating light transmission.

An instrument that is used to detect high-energy particles by the pulse of the current formed when a particle passes through...

An accelerometer is a sensor or transducer that measures the rate of change of velocity of an object, or in simpler terms,...

Energy loss encountered at connectors in optical fiber transmission systems. The major contributors are mutual core...

Scalar diffraction theory is a simplified approach used to describe the propagation of electromagnetic waves, particularly...

A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...

Photon flow created by imaging of light into a detector array; IPD is the electrical signal used by the image processor in a...

Mie scattering, named after the German physicist Gustav Mie, refers to the scattering of electromagnetic radiation (such as...

The use of thin flexible glass or plastic fibers as wave guides — or "light pipes" — to channel light from one...

A system consisting of two or more Geiger-Müller counters, connected in coincidence with their centers on an axis. The only...

Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...

Counter propagating beams imaged along the same path in order to detect rotation. Precise rotation is measured through...

An instrument used to recognize and identify incident radiation by the ionizing or stimulating properties of the radiation.

A secondary halo whose movement counterpoints the behavior of the Becke line.