3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), is a manufacturing process that builds three-dimensional objects layer by layer from a digital model. This technology allows the creation of complex and customized structures that would be...

Nondestructive measurement of the delta and alpha of clad optical fibers that involves interferometry with the fiber...

A system that uses the heat from a pulsed laser to weld metals. Because of the rapidity and localization in which the...

Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...

The term delta error (delta-E) generally refers to the difference or change in error between two values or states. The word...

Also known as cathode-ray tube grid or shield. A cylindrically shaped electrode that, containing the cathode of a...

Hyperchromic shift refers to an increase in the absorption of light, leading to a higher absorbance, often observed in...

A crucible made of electrically resistive material through which a current is passed to heat the material inside, which then...

Optical glass refers to a type of glass specifically engineered and manufactured for use in optical components and systems,...

A method of thin-film deposition in which electrons boiled off a heated cathode are used to melt the coating material. If a...

A camera system used for microphotography that has a structure, such as a cylinder or surveyor belt, to rotate the documents...

A type of laser welding of thin materials using a defocused or low-power carbon dioxide laser beam. The energy is absorbed...

The temperature at which the solid phase of a material is in equilibrium with the liquid phase, or when the material changes...

See glass annealing furnace; glass melting furnace.

An excited energy state of an atom or atomic system that has a longer lifetime than the ordinary excited state and typically...

A method of fabricating an optical waveguide by melting the core and clad glasses in two suitably joined concentric...

An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...

Technique for measuring the volume bulk of materials as they move along a conveyor with an accuracy of better than 1...

In a thermal imaging system, the change in temperature that yields a signal-to-noise ratio of unity.

Photochromic refers to a property exhibited by certain materials, typically organic compounds or dyes, which undergo...

Glass of special composition that is melted, formed into desired shapes, and subjected to a high-temperature treatment in...

The material that has the lowest possible constant melting point of any possible combination of the same components.

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that uses a high-power...

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that belongs to the powder bed...

The process of subjecting glass to temperature cycling to produce physico-chemical reactions that alter its properties....

A furnace used to heat glass materials. It may be a small laboratory-type furnace for small-scale experiments or large...

A line-scan camera, also known as a line-scan image sensor or linear array camera, is a type of digital camera designed to...

See thermoelectric cooling.

Expression of the nondimensional coefficient of the heat transfer in a convection process.

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a manufacturing process that involves creating three-dimensional...

The butt (edge to edge) splice of two pieces of film produced by a heat splicer that melts the edges together; used in...

A refrigeration method based on the Peltier effect. When an electric current passes through a thermocouple of two dissimilar...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

Laser ablation is a process that involves the removal or erosion of material from a target surface using laser energy. This...

Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers. These monomers are chemically bonded...

Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...

Use of a laser to solder joints by melting the solder coatings on the mating components.

A Peltier cooler, also known as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) or thermoelectric module, is a solid-state device that uses...

A method of synthesis for crystals such as KTP. The process involves the use of a high-temperature solution called flux to...

A surface imperfection caused by a polisher running dry too long. It occurs with felt or plastic polishers, and may appear...

Die bonding is a critical process in semiconductor manufacturing and microelectronics assembly, where a semiconductor die or...

Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...

A noncrystalline, inorganic mixture of various metallic oxides fused by heating with glassifiers such as silica, or boric or...

A Nernst glower, also known simply as a Nernst lamp or Nernst filament, is a type of incandescent lamp or radiant heater...

A substance that transmits the infrared, but which is too delicate or fragile to be used in the form of a single crystal....

A filtering device that detects what is new in a scene of interest. Often compared to that of a temporal high pass filter,...

A display device having a thermoplastic film as the control layer medium. The film, moving from a playoff reel, is scanned...

A compact, folded version of a Dove prism, made of high-index glass with a silvered base and used for image rotation.

A splice accomplished by the application of localized heat sufficient to fuse or melt the ends of two lengths of optical...

A standard of luminous intensity evaluated as the luminous intensity of 1 cm2 of a blackbody at the melting point of...

In laser welding or heat treating, the instantaneous laser beam power per unit area. This parameter is key in determining...