A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the intensity, phase, or polarization of light passing through it using liquid crystal technology. LCLVs consist of a layer of...

A photoconductive cell having greatest sensitivity in the infrared region. The photosensitive material of the cell is lead...

A technique for improving the structure density of thin-film coatings by bombarding the growing film with accelerated ions...

A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced optical imaging technique used in microscopy to enhance the...

The relationship between different wavelengths of light generated by a source, which may affect the spectral distribution of...

A GRIN (gradient index) lens is a type of optical lens that utilizes a gradient in refractive index across its volume rather...

A spectrograph that uses a diffraction grating as its dispersive element in place of a prism, and yields greater resolving...

A substance that transmits the infrared, but which is too delicate or fragile to be used in the form of a single crystal....

Swept-source optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...

A negative powered lens with one surface convex and the other concave, the latter having the greater curvature. It also is...

The radiation produced when a charged particle traverses a medium that has a refractive index considerably greater than...

Radiation from the sun that is made up of a very wide range of wavelengths, from the long infrared to the short ultraviolet...

The greatest wavelength of radiation for a specified surface for the emission of electrons.

A type of laser used when a great amount of power is required. Avoiding the bulk of large numbers of optical lenses, this...

In coherent optical communications systems, a laser used at the receiving end to produce a steady wave that is combined with...

A line of the Raman spectrum that fulfills Stokes' law because it possesses a wavelength that is greater than the radiation...

A rotating chamber that can be spun at different speeds to generate great radial forces used to simulate different gravity...

An afocal optical device made up of lenses or mirrors, usually with a magnification greater than unity, that renders distant...

A unit of optical measurement that expresses the refractive power of a lens or prism. In a lens or lens system, it is the...

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

A type of stereoscopic photography in which the distance between the two view points is greater than the average...

High dynamic range (HDR) refers to a technology that allows for a broader and more dynamic range of luminosity in visual...

In astronomy, the relative brightness of a celestial body. Originally a scale from 1 to 6, where 1 represented the brightest...

Graphene is a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal...

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry to obtain IR spectra of samples....

An optical test table made up of two outer layers or "skins'' bonded to either side of a honeycomblike core, usually of...

The section of crystal symmetry having only one-quarter of the greatest number of faces permitted by the crystal system of...

Fine lines, wires or threads used in the focal plane of many optical instruments to point out and locate particular objects...

A wide-angle lens is a type of camera lens that has a shorter focal length than a standard or normal lens, allowing it to...

In astronomy, the method of deliberately viewing objects with peripheral vision to take advantage of the eye's greater...

A reflecting grating ruled on a concave spherical surface that not only disperses the light but focuses the spectrum. The...

A lens with one surface convex and the other concave, the latter having the greater curvature. It also is known as a...

The greatest luminous transmittance possible for a specified chromaticity.

A neutral-colored gelatin wedge, cast between glass plates, that is used as an intensity scale in certain types of...

A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than...

The greatest luminous reflectance possible for a specified chromaticity.

An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...

A metalens, short for "metasurface lens," is a type of optical lens that uses nanostructured materials to manipulate light...

A type of matched filter that responds only to the phase of incoming light; the output has a much greater intensity than...

A pair of telescopes with prismatically erected images, mounted side by side with the eyepieces at the interocular distance...

Voltage that produces current flow in the direction of greater resistance to the steady-state direct current; i.e., from the...

The production of a positron-electron pair by a photon having energy greater than one mega-electron-volt, whereby some of...

A photovoltaic device that consists of multiple p-n junctions to produce a greater efficiency when in use than that of...

Medical diagnostic (x-ray) imaging using laser printers to produce high-resolution digital hard copy instead of film exposed...

The line from a spark or other very hot source that has greater intensity than that of a line produced by an arc or flame...

A type of interferometer noted for producing narrow multiple-beam interference fringes. As a result, when compared with the...

A laser output that occurs when the cavity resonator Q is first kept very low, using rotating mirrors or saturable...

In optical communications, the translation of optical signals into radio signals, lowering their frequency in detection from...

A ring laser gyroscope (RLG) is a type of gyroscope that uses laser light to detect and measure changes in orientation. It...

Coating carried out in a sealed chamber evacuated by a mechanical pump in series with an oil diffusion pump to a pressure...

A form of microfiche that has an information reduction ratio that is greater than 100 to 1.

The portion of a reproduced image having the greatest luminance.

A solid-state device similar to an ordinary transistor except that incident light on the PN junctions regulates the response...

A type of motion-picture camera in which single frames are photographed either automatically at a predetermined rate (as...

A scanning process in which the greatest amount of radiation determines part of a spiral motion rotating in one direction.

Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...

The use of photoelectric sensors to detect and measure the intensity of a light source. This application, as compared to...

A composite derived from aluminum alloy powder and silicon carbide, used as an optical substrate in air- and spacecraft...

An infrared detector mounted directly on the cold finger of the Dewar cooler rather than at the interface of Dewar and...

Freeform optics refers to the design and fabrication of optical surfaces that do not follow traditional symmetric shapes,...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

A type of computer in which the electronic circuits, which process data serially, are replaced by photonic circuits capable...

Propagation of electromagnetic waves through the Earth's atmosphere in a path that conforms to the curvature of the Earth...

The law expressing the condition under which a crystal will reflect a beam of x-rays with the greatest amount of distinction...

An imaging device analogous to a drum scanner, but operating at greater speeds; it uses a row of sensors to traverse an...

Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by the presence of suspended particles. These...

The image distortion produced by a panoramic camera with a swinging lens or a swinging mirror in front of a fixed lens. The...

The photographic recordformed in macrophotography in which the size of the small nearby object at theimage plane is the same...

CID, or charge injection device, camera refers to a type of imaging device that utilizes a specific kind of solid-state...

The rule stating that positive uniaxial crystals have greater absorption with respect to the extraordinary component of...

The greatest luminosity possible for a specified chromaticity.

Point at which a laser's material gain is equal to, or greater than, the circuit losses.

An eyepiece or magnifier capable of covering a field of view that is greater than 50°.

In a lens, the square of the radius of its aperture divided by the product of the focal length and the wavelength. It...

A quantitative measurement of the coherence of a light source; equal to the visibility (V) of the fringes of a two-beam...

A refractometer that has a greater resolving power than a standard refractometer, and that uses a pentagonal prism to split...

The growth of particular grain fragments in a metal or alloy, at the expense of others, that occurs when the metal or alloy...

Meta-optics, also known as metasurface optics or flat optics, is a branch of optics that involves the design, fabrication,...

A special laser glass made primarily of fluoride compounds that exhibits extremely low refractive index and allows greater...

In image processing, the result of a sampling frequency that is too slow to preserve the spatial frequencies of the image....

That length over which energy in two separate waves remains constant. With respect to a laser, the greatest distance between...

An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...

A mechanism or device, especially a coating with a refractive index equal to or slightly greater than that of an optical...

A grating that serves to provide higher resolution and dispersion than the average grating, and still has a greater free...

Device in which contact ionization of atomic particles and thermionic electron emission are used to produce magnetically...

Freeform mirrors refer to reflective optical components that deviate from traditional symmetric or rotationally symmetric...

The central portion of the retina that has the greatest sensitivity to form and color.

A CCD image sensor that uses a proximity-focused image intensifier to provide greater sensitivity at low light levels.

A fast-action shutter inserted between one end of a laser rod and the end mirror; when inserted to prevent emission and then...

A lamp, usually incandescent, that has a very compact filament, permitting a greater concentration of emitted light, aided...

A photofluorescent compound that, when used with a scintillating substance, absorbs photons and emits related photons having...

The separation of unpolarized light into two plane-polarized elements by a doubly refracting crystal. When a crystal, such...

The term perovskite refers to a specific crystal structure commonly found in various materials. Perovskite structures have a...

Optical fiber that transmits a greater percentage of input light than does high-loss step-index fiber. Low-loss fiber...

Optical fiber with a large core, often a step-index fiber; "large'' is at times defined as greater than 85 µm.

The process of microphotography that involves the reduction of the original at a ratio greater than 100 to 1. The process is...

A phototube having a cesium-coated cathode that has its greatest sensitivity in the infrared region.

An array of lines in the infrared region of the emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen. Their wave numbers are expressed by...

A coating made up of many layers of material having alternating high and low refractive index. In this way, it is possible...

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...