Topology is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the properties of space that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, crumpling, and bending, but not tearing or gluing. Topology studies the intrinsic properties of objects...

This results from the simultaneous absorption of two photons, each having half the energy needed for excitation and...

Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...

In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

The use of photoetching techniques to produce small tools, parts and dies from sheet metal.

A biomarker, short for biological marker, refers to a measurable and quantifiable indicator of a biological condition,...

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and digital image processing...

The analysis and measurement of celestial bodies, their motions and positions.

Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless...

Nonlinear optics is a branch of optics that studies the optical phenomena that occur when intense light interacts with a...

Deep ultraviolet (DUV or deep-UV) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet light with shorter wavelengths than those in the...

An aptamer is a short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule that can bind to a specific target molecule with high affinity...

Optical design and engineering services involve the development, customization, and optimization of optical systems and...

Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by the presence of suspended particles. These...

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

The utilization of photometric measurement to determine the relative magnitudes of the heavenly bodies.

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

A method of producing large volumes of plastic optical components in which powdered or sheet plastic is pressed between...

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...

Hyperchromic shift refers to an increase in the absorption of light, leading to a higher absorbance, often observed in...

The technique that uses light to detect and analyze the antibodies produced by a specimen stained with an organic dye.

Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...

A magnetometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the strength and/or direction of a magnetic field. It can detect...

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a method for detecting antigens or haptens in cells of a tissue section by using labeled...

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...

The term "Rydberg atom" refers to an atom in a highly excited state where one or more of its electrons are in a Rydberg...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, single-stranded RNA molecules, typically consisting of about 19 to 24 nucleotides,...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

The displacement of spectrum lines, as determined by the increasing distance between, and the relative velocity of, the...

Intravital microscopy is an imaging technique used to visualize biological processes within living organisms, typically in...

A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...

Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...

Design and engineering consulting services refer to professional services provided by specialized firms or individuals to...

With respect to a chromaticity diagram, this is the locus of points that represent the chromaticities of blackbodies...

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures changes in hemoglobin...

The combination of the organic dye in a stained specimen and the antibodies produced that is detected by exposure to light.

A handheld navigational instrument used to measure the elevation angle of celestial bodies such as the sun. An image of the...

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for high-resolution, in vivo imaging...

An imaging device whose technology contributes three specific advantages: ability to study large solid specimens that...

Ratio of the molecular diffusion coefficients of momentum in terms of heat; used in convection studies.

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

The study and the interpretation of the infrared emittances of celestial bodies and phenomena.

The sunlight that extends to the earth after scattering from other solar bodies, mostly from meteorite dust of radii...

In an interlaced scanning electro-optical system such as television, the system resolution will be less than the number of...

Magneto-optics refers to the study and manipulation of the interaction between magnetic fields and light (electromagnetic...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

The study of the celestial bodies, relative to x-ray emission. Satellites launched to study x-ray sources have revealed many...

The scientific observation of celestial radiation that has reached the vicinity of Earth, and the interpretation of these...

A tabulation of predicted positions that have been calculated for one or more celestial bodies or orbiting satellites.

An antigen is any substance that is capable of triggering an immune response in an organism. Antigens are typically proteins...