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diode Dictionary Terms

doping
In the context of materials science and semiconductor physics, doping refers to the intentional introduction of impurities...
Fabry-Perot laser
A laser oscillator in which two mirrors are separated by an amplifying medium with an inverted population, making a...
Nernst glower
A Nernst glower, also known simply as a Nernst lamp or Nernst filament, is a type of incandescent lamp or radiant heater...
interference inverter
A device, consisting of a diode activated by an interference pulse, that is designed to minimize the white spots on a...
blue diode laser
A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...
monitor current
In a laser diode, the photocurrent produced by a photodiode that detects the emission from the rear facet of the...
laser diode array
A group of single emitter laser diodes, usually arranged vertically or horizontally with respect to each other. The power...
diode-pumped solid-state laser
A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...
photodiode
A two-electrode, radiation-sensitive junction formed in a semiconductor material in which the reverse current varies with...
lateral mode
In a diode laser, a mode in the plane of the active layer that is perpendicular to the direction of the emitted beam.
infrared detector
An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...
diode laser
A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....
nanoLED
An LED (light-emitting diode) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...
vertical-cavity laser diode
A type of surface-emitting laser diode that uses dielectric mirrors to produce surface emission. The laser cavity is...
light fidelity
LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...
facet
1. One of the plane-reflecting surfaces on a multisurfaced polygon. 2. The cleaved end mirror of a laser diode's active...
delay time
The interval between direction of signal to a light-emitting diode and attainment of 10 percent output current in the...
epitaxial equipment
Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...
halogen lamp
A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...
light-emitting diode
An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...
PIN photodiode
A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....
distributed feedback laser
A distributed feedback laser (DFB laser) is a type of semiconductor laser diode designed to emit coherent, narrow-bandwidth...
microcircuit manufacturing
The formation of transistors, diodes, capacitors, resistors and other electronic elements directly on a flake of silicon by...
silicon photodiode
A silicon photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is a type of photodetector...
optical coherence tomography imaging system
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics and biomedical research to obtain...
infrared-emitting diode
A semiconductor device with a semiconductor junction in which infrared radiant flux is nonthermally produced when a current...
laser diode
 catastrophic optical damage
The darkening of the laser facet of a semiconductor laser diode. It can be prevented by placing the component in a...
optoisolator
An optical coupling device that uses light to bridge the gap between incompatible wire communications systems. It contains...
micro-LED
Micro-LED (micro-light-emitting diode) refers to a technology that involves the use of very small light-emitting diodes to...
indium phosphide
Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...
lateral effects detector
A set of photodiodes with no gaps between them that can sense the displacement of a spot of light anywhere on the sensing...
Zener diode
A type of semiconductor diode used in voltage-limiting circuits; when voltage reaches a certain value, the device becomes a...
index-guided laser
A laser diode with an output beam contained in the active layer by means of a built-in refractive index profile formed in...
fiber optic transceiver
A fiber optic transceiver, often simply referred to as an "optical transceiver," is a device used in fiber optic...
velocity modulation laser spectroscopy
A method of measuring negatively charged phase ions using a color-center or lead-salt diode laser.
semiconductor
A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...
rear facet monitor
A photodetector mounted in the same package as a laser diode that is positioned to monitor the output from the rear facet of...
breakdown voltage
In avalanche photodiodes, the point at which an increase in the reverse bias voltage causes the current gain to approach...
GaAlAs laser
A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...
quantum efficiency
Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of...
gain-bandwidth product
In an avalanche photodiode, the gain multiplied by the signal frequency in MHz.
detector array
A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....
thermionic diode
A diode electron tube that contains a heated cathode.
fiber laser
A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...
microdisplay
A microdisplay is a miniature electronic display technology that is designed to project visual information onto a small...
stacked-diode laser
A type of laser used when a great amount of power is required. Avoiding the bulk of large numbers of optical lenses, this...
gallium nitride
Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...
active layer
That layer in a semiconductor injection laser or light-emitting diode that provides optical gain.
MSM photodiode
A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...
phototransistor
A solid-state device similar to an ordinary transistor except that incident light on the PN junctions regulates the response...
edge-emitting LED
An edge-emitting light-emitting diode is a type of LED structure where light emission occurs primarily along the edge of the...
Nd:YAG laser
Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...
vacuum ultraviolet detector
A device that serves to detect the presence of vacuum ultraviolet radiation. It may be photographic film, a thermopile, ion...
Fabry-Perot cavity
An optical resonator in which feedback is accomplished by two parallel planes. In diode lasers, the planes are obtained by...
fiber-coupled LED
A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...
avalanche photodiode
A device that utilizes avalanche multiplication of photocurrent by means of hole-electrons created by absorbed photons. When...
silicon carbide light-emitting diodes
Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...
laser hammering
Means of correcting laser postweld shift. The correction procedure is applied to optoelectronic systems such as laser diode...
dBm
Decibels referenced to one milliwatt; often used to specify power ratings for semiconductor diode lasers.
CMOS image sensor
A CMOS image sensor, short for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor, is a type of semiconductor device used...
far-field diffraction pattern
The diffraction pattern of a source such as a light-emitting diode, injection laser diode or the output end of an optical...
shunt resistance
In a silicon photodiode, the dynamic resistance (dv/d1) of the junction at zero volts.
modulation bandwidth
The highest frequency at which a laser diode can be driven and still be modulated acceptably that further results in the...
flux rise time
Time elapsed during the radiant output change from 10 to 90 percent of maximum in a light-emitting diode or laser. Usually...
multistripe array
A monolithic laser diode incorporating multiple coupled emitters.
erbium-doped fiber amplifier
An optical fiber that can be used to amplify an optical input. Erbium rare earth ions are added to the fiber core material...
laser diode module
A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...
optical isolator
Also known as an optical diode, an optical isolator is a device that utilizes the Faraday effect to suppress or redirect...
gain-guided laser
A laser diode in which the beam is confined to the region of the active layer with gain high enough to accomplish such...
photodetector
A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...
carrier injection
Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...
quantum dot light-emitting diode
QLED stands for quantum dot light-emitting diode. QLED is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are...
CMOS camera
A CMOS camera refers to an imaging device that employs a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor to...
riez photodiode
A photodiode having a conducting grid that covers the surface of the photodiode junction and intercepts and wastes some of...
III-V material
In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from...
point-contact crystal diode
A crystal diode whose rectifying activity is determined by the touching of the crystal to a finely pointed wire surrounded...
injection seeding
The use of a small ultrastable master oscillator (a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser) to achieve single-frequency operation of a...
transducer
A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...
near-field walk
In a laser diode, lateral motion of the beam center at the facet when the drive current is changed.
free-space optics
Free-space optics (FSO), also known as optical wireless communication or optical wireless networking, refers to the...
optoelectronics
Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...
bandgap
In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....
varactor
A semiconductor diode that exhibits change in capacitance with a change in applied voltage; used as a voltage-variable...
smart pixel array
An array of active optical devices (modulators, laser diodes and/or detectors), each of whose electrical inputs or outputs...
facet erosion
The degradation of the facets in a laser diode due to the intensity of radiation.
diode driver
 optical materials
Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...
trapped plasma avalanche-triggered transit
Oscillator device composed of a semiconducting diode in a coaxial resonating cavity. When the biasing current is applied to...
InGaAs photodiode
An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...
monolithic lenslet module
An array of refractive microlenses that are round, square and hexagonal and as small as 15 µm. They are used for...
optical diode
See Faraday rotation; optoisolator.
embedded laser
The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...
helium-neon laser
A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...
active region
The layer of material in a laser diode from which the optical radiation is emitted; light producing region
quasi-CW laser diode
A type of laser diode that operates at long pulsewidths.
positive-intrinsic-negative diode
 integration time
Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...
diode
A two-electrode device with an anode and a cathode that passes current in only one direction. It may be designed as an...
APD detector
An APD detector, or avalanche photodiode detector, is a type of photodetector used to detect light or optical signals by...
crystal diode
A diode with a semiconducting material, such as germanium or silicon, for one electrode, and a fine wire "whisker''...
gallium aluminum arsenide
A crystalline semiconductor alloy used as the light confinement layer in both single- and double-heterostructure diode...
photonic crystal surface-emitting laser
PCSEL stands for "photonic crystal surface-emitting laser." It refers to a type of laser diode that emits light from its...
channel impedance
The parallel resistance and capacitance appearing between the active guard ring junctions in a silicon photodiode.
flexible display
A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...
infrared light source
An infrared light source is a device that emits light in the infrared spectrum, which lies beyond the visible spectrum of...
isolator
In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...
quantum wire
A narrow channel created by cleaving a crystal made of alternating layers of gallium arsenide and aluminum gallium arsenide,...
line-narrowed laser
A semiconductor laser in which the naturally occurring broad linewidth has been narrowed by incorporating the laser diode...
endoscope
An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...
separate absorption and multiplication region avalanche photodiode
An avalanche photodiode in which the light-absorbing area is a low-bandgap material and the PN junction is placed in an area...
superluminescent light-emitting diode
An emitter based on stimulated emission with amplification but insufficient feedback for oscillation to build up.
flat panel display
An electronic display in which a flat screen is formed by an orthogonal array of display devices, such as electroluminescent...
indium
Metal used in components of the crystalline semiconductor alloys indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), indium gallium arsenide...
charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a type of electronic image sensor used in various imaging devices, including digital...
exciton
An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...
diode laser
 photocurrent
The current that flows through a photosensitive device, such as a photodiode, as the result of exposure to radiant power.
gallium antimonide
A binary semiconductor compound used as a substrate or active layer for diode lasers.
injection luminescent diode
A semiconductor diode operating in either a coherent or incoherent mode that is used as a near-infrared or visible source in...
GaN-based LEDs
Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...
germanium crystal
Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...
excess noise factor
A factor, F, indicating the increase in shot noise in an avalanche photodiode as compared with the ideal multiplier, which...
channel substrate planar growth
The creation of a diode laser structure by liquid-phase epitaxy over a grooved substrate.
infrared light-emitting diode
An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...
grown-junction photocell
A photodiode that has been designed so that the bar of semiconductor material has a PN junction perpendicular to its length...
laser active elements
Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...
video detector
A device, such as a thermionic or crystal diode, that is introduced into the vision channel of a television receiver to...
field of collimator
An expression of the tolerance of decentration of a laser diode from the optical axis: the region around the axis in the...
junction diode
A semiconductor device with the property of conducting current more easily in one direction than the other. It has two...
laser crystal
A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...
surface-emitting laser diode
A semiconductor laser diode that emits light perpendicular to the active region. The output radiation is taken through the...
laser drift
Laser drift typically refers to a phenomenon where the frequency or wavelength of a laser source gradually changes over...
photonic computer
A type of computer in which the electronic circuits, which process data serially, are replaced by photonic circuits capable...
solid-state laser
A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...
laser pen
Device consisting of a laser diode, beam-correcting optics and collimating optics in a single housing. Also called a...
wedge ring detector
A diffraction pattern sampling unit composed of a 32-element monolithic silicon photodiode array and a readout unit. The...
discrete
An individual circuit component, complete in itself, such as a resistor, diode, capacitor or transistor. It is used as an...
burn-in
The operation of a laser diode or other component prior to its use in its intended application, as a means of testing and...
single-photon avalanche diode
A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...
organic light-emitting diode
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...
gallium arsenide phosphide
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

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