Thin-film coating, single or multilayer, that is applied to a substrate to increase its reflectance over a specified range of wavelengths. Metal film, transparent or opaque, is the oldest form of reflective coating.

In the context of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing, a wafer refers to a thin, flat disk or substrate made of a...

An early type of nonvacuum photocell consisting of a layer of copper oxide on a metallic substrate, with a thin transparent...

A rigid medium, generally a polycarbonate substrate coated with a reflective aluminum layer, that stores information (such...

Equipment dependent on the effects of a vacuum. The principal applications in optics are in the coating of lenses and...

A V-shaped channel pressed or etched into a substrate, in which, for example, optical fibers may be placed to create an...

In physics, momentum transfer is the amount of momentum transferred from one particle to another during particle collision...

A reflection grating is an optical component that consists of a series of closely spaced, parallel reflecting surfaces or...

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...

Coating carried out in a sealed chamber evacuated by a mechanical pump in series with an oil diffusion pump to a pressure...

A method used in integrated optics; formed by growing an epitaxial layer of active material, removing it from its base and...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...

A well controlled thin films technique for growing films with good crystal structure in ultra high vacuum environments at...

A thin-film device containing miniature optical components connected via optical waveguides on a transparent dielectric...

The application of reversible writing with a laser beam on particular storage materials. In one method, an amorphous film is...

An accurately produced hole of any size and shape that is used as a masking device in an optical system. Pinhole apertures...

A circuit whose passive components are deposited on a given substrate by sputtering or vacuum processes.

A composite derived from aluminum alloy powder and silicon carbide, used as an optical substrate in air- and spacecraft...

Thin-film deposition equipment refers to machinery and tools used in the process of depositing thin layers of material onto...

Lithography is a key process used in microfabrication and semiconductor manufacturing to create intricate patterns on the...

Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...

A thin layer of metal deposited on the surface of a substrate. The film may serve as a reflector, beamsplitter, neutral...

A technique used in integrated optics where a groove is cut on a substrate surface and covered by a thin film to facilitate...

An array of refractive microlenses that are round, square and hexagonal and as small as 15 µm. They are used for...

A crystalline ferroelectric material used primarily as a substrate and an active medium for thin-film optical modulators and...

Also cellulose acetate film. The emulsion layer applied to the substrate of a photographic surface. The emulsion layer is...

Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...

In the context of thin film deposition processes such as evaporation or sputtering, masks are used to selectively deposit...

In the context of imaging, particularly digital imaging and printing, "orange peel" refers to a texture or visual distortion...

An acoustic wave that propagates along the surface of a solid and decays exponentially with substrate depth. Also called a...

Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...

A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...

A vacuum deposition method in which the coating material (target) is removed from the surface of the coating source...

Epitaxial refers to the growth of a crystalline layer on a crystalline substrate in such a way that the orientation of the...

A high-reflectance coating consisting of alternating layers of quarter-wave film of a higher refractive index and lower...

An OLED display that has an integrated electronic backplane as its substrate. Active-matrix OLED displays use at least two...

1. A framelike structure that serves to restrict the viewing area of the screen when placed before a television picture...

A method of growing single crystals in which atoms and molecules from gaseous organic compounds interact and form a layer on...

A microcircuit whose passive components consist of a ceramic-metal combination deposited on a given substrate by screening...

A mirror blank refers to the initial piece of material from which a mirror is made. It is typically a flat or slightly...

In optics and photolithography, a phase mask refers to a device that modifies the phase of light waves passing through it....

A solar cell that is lightweight and flexible because of its construction by vacuum deposition of a semiconductor material...

Die bonding is a critical process in semiconductor manufacturing and microelectronics assembly, where a semiconductor die or...

A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...

The intermolecular attraction between two surfaces, as between a substrate and a coating; it is an important factor in the...

A device used in the sputtering of thin films, in which a magnet system on the back of the cathode deflects the electrons,...

A nanotube, also known as a nanotubule or simply a tube-like structure, is a nanoscale cylindrical structure composed of...

Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...

A method of polishing an aspheric surface by mechanically distorting the optic while polishing the surface to a perfect...

A glass substrate that has its rear surface coated with a reflective coating. Also known as a back-surface mirror.

The application of coating without heating of the substrates.

Sapphire crystal refers to a transparent, single-crystal form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) known as corundum. It is one of the...

Fixed-pattern noise is the measure of the static (nontemporal) differences between pixels when the detector is evenly...

An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...

Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength-scale artificial structures, often referred to as meta-atoms or...

A crucible made of electrically resistive material through which a current is passed to heat the material inside, which then...

A method of depositing crystalline films one molecular layer at a time, by dipping the substrate into water containing a...

A sputtering target is a solid material used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

A monolithic device containing both photonic and electronic sources, detectors, modulators, etc., on a single semiconductor...

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...

Sputtering equipment is machinery used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

A MEMS fiber optic switch is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device designed to selectively route optical signals...

An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...

Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...

A manufacturing process used to construct substrates for large optical components. Used with IR materials, planform bonding...

Low-insertion-loss fiber coupler fabricated from a sheet of light-sensitive material laminated onto a fused quartz substrate...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

One or more thin-film layers of optical material deposited on a mirror blank/substrate in order to enhance the way that...

Photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in photolithography processes, particularly in the fabrication of...

A photoconductive cell consisting of a layer of selenium on a substrate whose electrical resistance varies with the...

The substrate upon which a diffraction grating will be ruled. It must be dimensionally stable, and the surface must be...

Photolithography is a key process in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and...

A variation from standard physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating techniques, magnetron sputtering is a plasma coating...

A technique for depositing a material coating on metal, ceramic, semiconductor or polymer substrates. The interaction of...

A photomask, also known simply as a mask or reticle, is a key component in the photolithography process used in...

The creation of a diode laser structure by liquid-phase epitaxy over a grooved substrate.

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...

A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living...

Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...

An OLED display that has an integrated electronic backplane as its substrate. Active-matrix OLED displays use at least two...

An interference filter in which a very thin metal foil with a periodic array of square holes (inductive mesh) or a thin...

Of evaporative coatings, a condition resulting when small chunks of material fly from the hot crucible onto the substrate...

A technique of optical storage whereby information is encoded by molecular alterations in the interaction between the...

The process of perforating a silicon or ceramic substrate with a series of tiny holes along which it will break. Nd:YAG or...

Successive layering of resistive, dielectric and conductive inks on a substrate by a type of screening process.

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...

Thin-film coatings are layers of material applied to the surface of an object or substrate, typically to modify its optical,...

An optical interference coating, vacuum-deposited on a circular substrate, whose transmission characteristics may be varied...

A device that uses nematic liquid crystals sandwiched between fused silica substrates to change the phase of polarized...

A form of liquid crystal widely used in displays, achieved by sandwiching a liquid crystal material between two substrates...

Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...

Device in which the various circuit elements are fabricated in different substrate materials and then appropriately joined...

Micro-LED (micro-light-emitting diode) refers to a technology that involves the use of very small light-emitting diodes to...

An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

A memory device consisting of thin disks of a magnetic substance deposited on a nonmagnetic substrate for use in a computer.

A material consisting of very small colorless particles imbedded in a clear glass matrix. It is available in two forms:...

An optical reflector with the reflective coating applied to the front surface of the substrate. This eliminates the ghost...

Metal used in components of the crystalline semiconductor alloys indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), indium gallium arsenide...

A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...

A type of laser for which a large number of the components can be fabricated in or upon a single substrate.

Broadband dielectric mirrors, also known as broadband mirrors, are optical coatings designed to efficiently reflect or...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

A binary semiconductor compound used as a substrate or active layer for diode lasers.

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

A dichroic coating, also known as a dichroic filter or dichroic mirror, is an optical coating designed to selectively...

Reactive evaporation refers to a process in thin-film deposition where a material is deposited onto a substrate through...

Multiple, interconnected circuit elements, contained on or in a common substrate, that function as a unit and not separately.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...

A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel...

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

In integrated circuits, a pathway, hole, or other passage through the substrate.

A Dammann grating is a type of diffractive optical element (DOE) used to create an array of equally spaced,...