A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the intensity, phase, or polarization of light passing through it using liquid crystal technology. LCLVs consist of a layer of...

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...

Equipment dependent on the effects of a vacuum. The principal applications in optics are in the coating of lenses and...

Micro-LED (micro-light-emitting diode) refers to a technology that involves the use of very small light-emitting diodes to...

In the context of thin film deposition processes such as evaporation or sputtering, masks are used to selectively deposit...

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength-scale artificial structures, often referred to as meta-atoms or...

An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...

A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living...

Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...

A vacuum deposition method in which the coating material (target) is removed from the surface of the coating source...

A technique for depositing a material coating on metal, ceramic, semiconductor or polymer substrates. The interaction of...

An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...

A device that uses nematic liquid crystals sandwiched between fused silica substrates to change the phase of polarized...

A manufacturing process used to construct substrates for large optical components. Used with IR materials, planform bonding...

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...

Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...

The application of coating without heating of the substrates.

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Lithography is a key process used in microfabrication and semiconductor manufacturing to create intricate patterns on the...

A form of liquid crystal widely used in displays, achieved by sandwiching a liquid crystal material between two substrates...