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Microscopy Features
Enabling Subcellular pH Sensing
A team of scientists at Rice University in Houston has reported that gold nanoshells — structures on the order of 100 nm in diameter comprising a nonconducting core and an outer layer of gold — can be functionalized to yield surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra that indicate the pH level at that site. The investigators propose that the nanoparticles may enable applications in the biosciences based on the real-time sensing of chemical changes at the subcellular level, including the...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Images Reveal Shape, Orientation of Nanoparticles
Using a variant of confocal microscopy that illuminates samples with higher-order laser modes, investigators at Universität Tübingen in Germany have produced images of gold nanospheres and nanorods that offer information about both the shape and the...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Lensless X-ray Microscopy Images Nanocrystals
Scientists at the University of Illinois in Urbana have used coherent hard x-rays to produce 3-D images of 750-nm lead nanocrystals with a spatial resolution of 40 nm. With improved detectors and more powerful sources of coherent x-rays, they...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Making Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Flexible
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy helps to shed light on the behavior of molecules in aqueous solutions by measuring fluctuations in fluorescence intensity. Typically, data is collected from a single, fixed-focus position within the sample....
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Plasma Deposition Yields Thin Films of Optically Active Dyes
Scientists in Europe have reported the development of a single-step, room-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process that yields polymeric thin films incorporating isolated rhodamine molecules. They note that the method is...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Suspended Nanotubes Imaged by Photoluminescence
The luminescent response of optically pumped single-walled carbon nanotubes may be used to create images of the structures, report scientists from the Institute for Microstructural Sciences in Ottawa and from the University of Ottawa. Employed as a...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Building Semiconductor Structures in Optical Fiber
The backbone of the information superhighway comprises optical fiber. Optical fiber technology has lead to the revolution in telecommunications and is affecting many other fields, from defense and remote sensing to biomedicine. This impact is...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Cavity-Enhanced Evanescent Waves Trap Microparticles
Like surfers riding an ocean swell, micron-size particles respond to light and can be trapped and arranged in regular patterns. However, it has been difficult to produce a strong enough optical interaction to achieve this micromanipulation over...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Confocal Raman Microscopy Studies Drug-Membrane Interactions
Investigating drug-membrane interactions, such as a drug’s ability to pass through a membrane or to bind to proteins within it, helps researchers understand the effects of drugs on membrane functions. Christopher B. Fox, Robert A. Horton and Joel M....
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Near-Field Technique Spectrally Maps Nanoparticles and Viruses
Apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy produces high-resolution optical images by irradiating with a laser an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe in proximity to a sample to create a concentrated near-field spot of illumination at the...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Oligomeric Derivatives Yield Efficient Blue OLED
In the pursuit of better blue-emitting materials for organic LEDs (OLED), scientists in China have fabricated emitters based on derivatives of oligo(phenylenevinylene) that display CIE color coordinates of (0.154, 0.255) and a luminous efficiency of...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Optical Limiting in Metal Nanowires Studied
Optical limiters transmit low-intensity but block high-intensity light, making them suitable for use in applications such as the protection of sensors and the human eye from laser radiation. In the pursuit of alternative material for such devices,...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Technique Combines Atomic Force Microscopy with Near-Field Optical Imaging
As increasing attention is given to manipulating the structure and function of nanoscale materials, there is a simultaneously growing need for an improved understanding of nanoscale physics. Although optical microscopy has been a valuable tool for...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Cryogenic Laser Photolithography Finds Quantum Dot Registration
In quantum dot information processing, it is critical to be able to register the position of a single quantum dot with respect to the antinode of a defect (missing hole) in a photonic crystal to create strong coupling and cavity quantum...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
Feedback-Based Imaging Enables Miniature Scanning Confocal Microscopes
As part of their work toward the development of a handheld scanning confocal microscope, researchers at Institut Femto-ST (Franche-Comté Electronique Mecanique Thermique et Optique — Sciences et Technologies) at Université de Franche-Comté in...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Exposes Self-Assembly
of Mesoporous Thin Films
The low index of refraction and ultralow dielectric constant of mesoporous ceramic thin films make the materials of interest for a variety of applications in optics and electronics. Now a spectroscopic technique has demonstrated the ability to...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
Measuring 3-D Semiconductor Packaging
Since the early 1900s, science and industry professionals have been using optical measurement and inspection for a clearer view of their products for research, development and manufacturing. These techniques of observing, measuring and analyzing...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
Microscopy Probes Dielectric Constant of Nanostructured Films
Using near-field scanning optical microscopy, researchers from Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois have imaged the interference patterns of surface plasmons on silver nanostructured thin films, enabling them to measure the local plasmon...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
PCI Motion Control in Microscope Automation
Over the past 15 years, microscopes have been transformed from devices for which the operator had to adjust the stage position, focus, filters and shutters by hand, into advanced systems in which these functions are automated. This has paved the...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
Subdiffraction-Limit Microscopy Exposes Vesicle Dynamics
Using a variant of fluorescence microscopy that enables subdiffraction-limit resolutions, scientists at Max Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie in Göttingen, Germany, have imaged synaptic vesicle recycling in cultured neurons. The...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
Channeling Surface Plasmons
Modern communications systems must deal with huge amounts of data at ever-increasing speeds. In doing so, they try to use the best features of electronic and optical circuits. Electronic circuits are tiny, but their operation speed is limited....
Photonics Spectra, June 2006
IR Spectroscopy Maps Linker Films
In fields as diverse as genomics and defense, surfaces must be scanned for traces of chemicals and other substances. The use of self-assembled monolayers is an effective method of modifying the properties of these surfaces, acting as linker films...
Photonics Spectra, June 2006
Laser Acts as Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscope Probe
Researchers in China have demonstrated a near-field scanning optical microscope that employs a very small aperture laser diode as the probe, rather than a tapered optical fiber with a subdiffraction-limited aperture. The approach promises to boost...
Photonics Spectra, June 2006
Nano-Raman Images on the Nanoscale with a Light Touch
When dealing with something delicate, you must be gentle. Researchers at Vanderbilt and Fisk universities, both in Nashville, Tenn., and at Istituto di Struttura della Materia del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche in Rome thus turned to scanning...
Photonics Spectra, June 2006
Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Images Buried Nanoscale Features
Thanks to researchers at the University of Rochester in New York, looking below the surface may be easier — at least on a small scale. Using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, the group has mapped buried features with 30-nm resolution and has...
Photonics Spectra, June 2006
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