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RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY NEWS
Researchers Develop Sub-Femtosecond Transportation for Electrons KONSTANZ, Germany, Dec. 27, 2019 — A European team composed of researchers from the University of Konstanz, the University of Luxembourg, CNRS-Université Paris Sud, the Center for Materials Physics, and Donostia International Physics Center in San Sebastián, Spain, has found a way to transport electrons at times below the femtosecond range by manipulating them with light. The researchers believe their findings could have major implications for the future of data processing and computing. The task for the
New Ceramic Nanocomposite Demonstrates High IR Transmittance, Thermal Stability VLADIVOSTOK, Russia, Dec. 27, 2019 — A research team that includes scientists from Russia, Ukraine, and China has developed a Y2O3-MgO fine-grained composite ceramic material that transmits over 70% of light in the infrared (IR) range with wavelengths up to 6000 nm. Ceramic...
Green Fluorescent Protein Can Increase Protein Production ST. LOUIS, Dec. 27, 2019 — Even though scientists have engineered bacteria to make therapeutic proteins, medicines based on these proteins, such as insulin and clotting factors for hemophilia, are still difficult to synthesize in the lab. Now, through the use of green...
Mushroom-Derived Dye to Aid Cell Biologists BATH, England, Dec. 27, 2019 — Scientists at the University of Bath have developed a fluorescent tool for detecting reactive oxygen species based on a chemical found in mushrooms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as free radicals and peroxides, are produced in cells under...
Silicon Quantum Bits Communicate over Relatively Long Distance PRINCETON, N.J., Dec. 26, 2019 — A Princeton University research team has shown that silicon quantum bits (qubits), mediated by a microwave photon, can interact even when spaced relatively far apart on a computer chip. The ability to transmit messages across relatively long...
Researchers Transform IR Wavelengths into Visible Light College Park, Md., Dec. 25, 2019 — Researchers have designed a new chip-integrated light source that can transform infrared wavelengths into visible wavelengths, which have been difficult to produce with technology based on silicon chips. This flexible approach to on-chip light...
Noncontact Laser Ultrasound Safely Images Human Tissue CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Dec. 24, 2019 — MIT engineers have devised an alternative to conventional ultrasound imaging that doesn’t require contact with the body and can be used on patients who may not tolerate a probe on their body, such as infants, burn patients, or patients with...
Metasurface with Space-Time Phase Modulation Demonstrates Nonreciprocal Light Reflection STATE COLLEGE, Pa., Dec. 23, 2019 — Scientists at The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) developed a new type of optical metasurface that makes light reflect in one direction only. Leveraging both spatial and temporal phase manipulation provided by an ultrathin nonlinear...
Ultrafast, Energy-Efficient All-Optical Switching with Plasmonic Waveguides TOKYO, Dec. 20, 2019 — NTT and the Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech) have developed an all-optical switch that operates in the ultrafast regime with a response time in the femtosecond (fs) range and with energy consumption in the femtojoule (fJ) range. To achieve...
Researchers Aim to Build Light-Controlled Tissue Scaffolds for Cell Regeneration AARHUS, Denmark, Dec. 19, 2019 — Researchers at Aarhus University are exploring a method of regenerating brain and heart cells using light. Their technique uses water-based nanofibers coated with organic photovoltaic nanomaterials to create light-controlled neural-stimulating...
Coating Made from Quantum Material Conceals Temperature Change from IR Cameras MADISON, Wis., Dec. 19, 2019 — An ultrathin coating engineered from samarium nickel oxide (SmNiO3) has been found to emit the same amount of thermal radiation irrespective of temperature, within a range of about 30 °C. The coating, which was developed by engineers at the...
Small Wonders: Fiction Writers Tackle Quantum Physics SINGAPORE, Dec. 19, 2019 — If you have some downtime over the holidays, consider “getting entangled” in Quantum Shorts: Collected Flash Fiction Inspired by Quantum Physics, an anthology of short stories with quantum physics as its theme, available to download now...
Fiber Optic Array Characterizes Thunder-Induced Ground Motions STATE COLLEGE, Pa., Dec. 18, 2019 — A new study shows that underground fiber optic cables can pick up the rumble of thunder underground, potentially providing scientists with a new way of imaging the inside of Earth. Researchers used Pennsylvania State University’s existing...
Photoacoustic Microscopy System Improves SNR and Temporal and Spatial Resolution POHANG, South Korea, Dec. 17, 2019 — A superresolution localization photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) technique has been developed by a team at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH). The new system can monitor the flow of red blood cells without using a contrast absorber,...
Machine Learning Predicts How to Develop High-Performing Solar Cells ORLANDO, Fla., Dec. 17, 2019 — To determine the best way to optimize the materials used to build perovskite solar cells, a research team at the University of Central Florida turned to machine learning techniques. The researchers reviewed more than 2000 peer-reviewed publications...
Fiber Optic-Based Sensor Measures pH Levels in Cell-Growth Environments GAITHERSBURG, Md., Dec. 16, 2019 — Scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are developing a photonic sensor to study tissue growth in the lab. The proof-of-concept sensor uses a light-based signal to measure pH, an important property in cell-growth...
Higher-Order Topological States in Photonic Crystals Could Lead to Faster Data Transfer NEW YORK, Dec. 13, 2019 — Research into topological photonic metamaterials, led by City College of New York, shows that long-range interactions in metamaterials can change the behavior of lightwaves, forcing the waves to localize in space. The study further shows that by...
Graphene Composite Improves Photocatalytic Activity Used to Degrade Pollutants BERGAMO, Italy, Dec. 13, 2019 — Graphene Flagship partners developed a graphene-titania composite via a one-step procedure to widen and improve the applicability of “smog-eating” cement. The prepared composite showed enhanced photocatalytic activity, degrading up to...
Machine Learning, OCT Combine for Early-Stage Colon Cancer Detection ST. LOUIS, Dec. 12, 2019 — Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis are developing a deep learning-based pattern recognition (PR)-OCT system that will automate image processing and provide accurate, computer-aided diagnosis of colorectal cancer potentially in real...
ETH Zürich Study Offers Insight into How Photoelectrons Are Born ZÜRICH, Dec. 12, 2019 — A sub-femtosecond study of linear photon momentum transfer during an ionization process, done by a team at ETH Zürich, could provide insight into the “birth” of photoelectrons. Physicists understand how photons transfer their energy...
Thermal Cameras Detect Rheumatoid Arthritis When Symptoms Are Absent STAFFORDSHIRE, England, Dec. 11, 2019 — Thermal imaging could be an effective method for assessing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), according to a study performed at Staffordshire University. The study sought to determine whether RA patients without active inflammation in their hands exhibited...
New Laser Technique Captures Dynamic Processes of Quantum Materials VANCOUVER, B.C., Dec. 11, 2019 — A new extreme-ultraviolet (UV) laser source, developed at the University of British Columbia (UBC), enables time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, a technique for visualizing electron scattering processes at ultrafast timescales. Photoemission...
Nanoantennas Made from Conductive Polymer for Tunable Nano-Optics LINKÖPING, Sweden, Dec. 10, 2019 — Optical nanoantennas, made from a conducting polymer instead of a traditional metal and developed by scientists at Linköping University, could enable a new type of controllable nano-optical component for use in various applications, such as...
Squeezing Improves LIGO’s Sensitivity to Quantum Noise CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Dec. 10, 2019 — A new instrument called a quantum vacuum squeezer is helping LIGO — the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory — to detect gravitational wave signals nearly every week. Just a year ago, LIGO was picking up gravitational...
Low-Energy Photons Upconverted Using Nontoxic Material RIVERSIDE, Calif., Dec. 6, 2019 — Researchers at the University of California, Riverside (UC Riverside) and the University of Texas at Austin demonstrated the use of nontoxic silicon nanocrystals to convert low-energy photons into high-energy ones. The use of nontoxic materials for...
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