This type of miniaturized system, referred to as CMOS qPCR, combines microfluidic technology with an ultralow-light CMOS bio-optical sensor with LEDs as the optical excitation source to achieve fluorescence-based molecular sensing in a very compact...

Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...

Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...

A flexible fiber cable with a small diameter that transports light from the excitation laser to the target. Used in Raman...

A solid-state laser consisting of active atoms or ions of a transition metal, rare-earth metal or actinide, imbedded in a...

A polariton is a quasiparticle resulting from the strong coupling between photons (light particles) and certain types of...

Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by...

The energy analysis of electrons released in a secondary step following initial excitation or ionization.

An electromagnon is a quasiparticle excitation that combines aspects of both magnetism and electric polarization in a...

A vortex phase plate is an optical device designed to impart a phase singularity, commonly referred to as a vortex or phase...

An emission spectrum is a graphical representation or a characteristic pattern of the wavelengths or frequencies of light...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Qualitatively, the inverse of the amount of velocity produced by the application of a sinusoidal force to a system;...

Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) is a phenomenon observed in certain organic molecules containing...

Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...

A dichroic mirror, also known as a dichroic beamsplitter or interference filter beamsplitter, is an optical device that...

A type of laser spectroscopy used to measure short-lived isotopes by observing sudden bursts of fluorescence resulting from...

An analytical technique used to determine the nature of extremely small samples by forming the x-ray spectrum of the samples...

Luminescence is the emission of light that occurs without the involved substance undergoing a significant increase in...

Diffuse light emitted by the atmosphere due to the excitation of particles of atmospheric gas. These excited particles...

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

A multiline laser system refers to a type of laser that is capable of emitting multiple discrete wavelengths or spectral...

A magnon is a quasiparticle representing a quantized spin wave in a magnetic material. In other words, it is a collective...

Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...

A pulsed dye laser in which the excitation is provided by means of a flashlamp. Output is tunable from 335 to 850 nm, with...

The ratio of the intensities of two specified spectral lines of a source having vastly different excitation energies. This...

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of...

A technique whereby two laser beams, one at an excitation wavelength and the second at a wavelength that produces Stokes...

Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...

The difference between the energy of an atom in its ground state and that of the same atom in its excited (quantum) state.

In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....

A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....

The term photochemical pertains to chemical processes or reactions that are initiated or influenced by the absorption of...

A fluorescent screen refers to a phosphorescent or fluorescent-coated surface that emits visible light when exposed to other...

An advanced technique that allows the detection of one molecule within a crystal or a cell through optical excitation....

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...

Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...

A beamsplitter is an optical device used to divide a beam of light into two or more separate beams, typically by reflecting...

1. The process by which an atom acquires energy sufficient to raise it to a quantum state higher than its ground state. 2....

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...

Calculation of the probability of an interaction between two types of particles, such as light absorption, excitation or...

An optical recording technique that uses light source(s), a beamsplitting cube, light detector(s) and an optical fiber...

Abbreviated TEA CO2 laser. A gas laser that provides shorter pulses and higher peak powers than conventional CO2 lasers. The...

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves using a laser to excite molecules or atoms,...

The amount of energy required to raise the energy level of an atom; a necessity if the atom is to radiate energy. High...

Wide-field fluorescence microscopy uses either naturally occurring structures or staining with fluorescent tags that are...

Discharge that results when a doped semiconductor crystal with a PN junction is charged with a low-voltage direct current....

A technique for observing the decay of light emissions from sources following their pulsed excitations, based on recording...

Photoluminescence is a phenomenon in which a material absorbs photons (light) at one wavelength and then re-emits photons at...

Infrared radiation absorbed by crystals as a result of the excitation of lattice vibrations in which ions having opposite...

A source of energy that produces needed excitation for population inversion in laser operation. The excitation source that...

gas laser using ionized argon as the active medium and applying electronic excitation in order to produce the laser light

The use of high temperatures, between 2000 and 3000 °C, to excite emission lines from a sample in spectroscopic...

The lowest excitation power level at which a laser's output is mainly the result of stimulated emission rather than...

Three-photon microscopy is an advanced imaging technique that belongs to the family of multi-photon microscopy methods. It...

A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

Any material that derives its energy from chemically or electrically induced reactions; isotope or radium excitation is used...

A microscope in which laser light is delivered through single-mode fibers that replace the pinhole usually used in confocal...

A long-pass filter is an optical filter that allows longer wavelengths of light to pass through while blocking or...

Observed phenomenon in laser pulses in which a large number of excited electrons are created and in which multiphoton...

STED microscopy, or stimulated emission depletion microscopy, is a superresolution imaging technique in fluorescence...

A phosphor, such as sulfide or selenide, that can be excited to luminescence by incident infrared radiation simultaneous to...

The generic term applied to all sources of visible radiation from burning matter to ionized vapors and lasers, regardless of...

Luminescence is the emission of light from a source that is delayed by more than 10-8 s following excitation.

Fluorescence imaging technique in which the excitation light from the objective is directed into the sample producing...

A part of the spectrochemical analysis of a sample that deals with the excitation of that sample by flame analysis.

A technique proposed for studying the atomic structure of crystals by measuring the interference pattern generated when the...

The amount of x-rays used to penetrate and diffuse a target sample undergoing electron-probe microanalysis.

A light-interference device whose excitation is determined by the modulation of a light beam by an ultrasonic field.

A chemical substance that exhibits fluorescence when excited by ultraviolet radiation, x-rays or an electron beam. The...

Literally the opposite of resonance, antiresonance occurs when any variation in excitation frequency results in an increased...

Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) is a nonlinear optical method that allows imaging of biological cells and living...

A technique used for noncontact inspection of semiconductor wafers. The material is illuminated by an excitation source that...

Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...

A method of lasing in which free electrons in a laser-produced plasma collide with neonlike ions to excite electrons to...

The length of optical waveguide needed to attain equilibrium mode distribution for a specified excitation condition.

Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently...

A spectroscopic technique in which an excitation band absorbs laser energy resulting in an electronic transition. The...

A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) is an electronic circuit that converts a time interval between two events into an...

On the CIE chromaticity diagram, the distance from the achromatic point to the sample point, divided by the distance from...

This results from the simultaneous absorption of two photons, each having half the energy needed for excitation and...

Acronym for profile resolution obtained by excitation. In its simplest form, probe involves the overlap of two...

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...

A laser having a material, such as ruby, that has an energy state structure of three levels: the ground state (1) wherein...