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PI Physik Instrumente - Semiconductor Applications 5/24 ROS LB
circuit Dictionary Terms

photoelectric control
The control of an instrument or electrical circuit by the current produced by varying radiation incident to a photoelectric...
Zener diode
A type of semiconductor diode used in voltage-limiting circuits; when voltage reaches a certain value, the device becomes a...
metasurfaces
Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength-scale artificial structures, often referred to as meta-atoms or...
thin-film circuit
A circuit whose passive components are deposited on a given substrate by sputtering or vacuum processes.
actuator
Mechanical device intended for the translation (rotational and linear) using high precision control from electronically...
CMOS image sensor
A CMOS image sensor, short for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor, is a type of semiconductor device used...
logic circuit
A computer circuit that supplies the action of problem-solving functions or operations.
CCD camera
A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...
breadboard
An experimental model of an electrical circuit or complex assembly; a prototype.
automatic power control circuit
photon coupling
The coupling of two circuits by the use of a light pipe through which photons are transmitted.
Marx generator
High-voltage, fast-discharge circuit named after its inventor, Erwin Marx. Its capacitors are charged in parallel and...
epitaxial deposition
Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...
step-and-repeat printer
A projection printer that is capable of reproducing a multiplicity of images from a master transparency on a single support...
CID camera
CID, or charge injection device, camera refers to a type of imaging device that utilizes a specific kind of solid-state...
smart pixel array
An array of active optical devices (modulators, laser diodes and/or detectors), each of whose electrical inputs or outputs...
mask
1. A framelike structure that serves to restrict the viewing area of the screen when placed before a television picture...
mixed-signal oscilloscope
A mixed-signal oscilloscope (MSO) is a type of electronic test instrument that combines the capabilities of both a...
laser diode module
A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...
sample-and-hold circuit
A device that acquires a signal and then stores it for a specified period of time before processing, and used, for example,...
dual inline package
A package for electronic components that is suited for automated assembly into printed circuit boards. The DIP is...
cathode
1. The negative electrode of a device in an electrical circuit. 2. The positive electrode of a primary cell or storage...
henry
The inductance of a closed circuit in which an electromotive force of one volt is produced when the electric current in the...
weber
The magnetic flux that, linking a circuit of one turn, produces in it an electromotive force of one volt as it is reduced to...
system on chip
Abbreviated SoC. A single chip containing all the electronic circuits required for a complete, working product. SoCs are...
hybrid mosaic on stacked silicon
A sensor module used in advanced pattern recognition systems, containing signal-processing integrated circuits stacked and...
duplex
In data communications, the simultaneous operation of a circuit in both directions is known as full duplex; if only one...
cathode modulation
The amplitude modulation through the application of modulating voltage to the cathode circuit.
magnetic bubble film
An amorphous film in which cylindrical bubbles of reverse magnetization can be formed to follow circuit paths usually made...
matrix
With respect to television, that part of a color television circuit that combines the I, Q and Y signals, and changes them...
qubit
A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information...
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) refers to a technology used in the fabrication of integrated circuits,...
transport shift register
The element in a charge-coupled device that receives the charge packets transferred from the line of sensor sites and then...
integrated optical circuit
An optical circuit, either monolithic or hybrid, composed of active and passive components, used for coupling between...
chalcogenide
Chalcogenide refers to a class of compounds containing elements from group 16 of the periodic table, which includes sulfur...
step-and-repeat camera
A type of camera that has scales or other arrangements by which successive exposures can be lined up and equally spaced on a...
photoelectric relay
A relay that opens or closes an electrical circuit depending on the intensity of the light incident to a photoelectric...
camera reduction
The use of the photographic process to produce precision copies of an original image that are many times smaller in size....
cross-coupling
1. A defect inherent in a multiple-axis positioning system whereby an adjustment of one axis causes an undesired change in...
standard thermal profile
In infrared imaging systems used for mass screening of printed circuit boards or other quality control applications, an...
photomask
A photomask, also known simply as a mask or reticle, is a key component in the photolithography process used in...
optical fiber optic switches
Optical fiber optic switches are devices used in optical fiber communication systems to selectively route optical signals...
automated optical inspection
Automated optical inspection (AOI) is a technology used in manufacturing processes, particularly in electronics, to...
feedback
The transfer of a part of a device's or circuit's output back to its input.
comparator
1. An eyepiece or magnifier with a scale at its image plane. That scale is placed in contact with an object, permitting...
logic diagram
A diagram that uses special symbols called logic symbols to represent the detailed functioning of electronic logic circuits....
hybrid circuit
Any integrated circuit that also makes use of one or more discrete components; frequently used to describe circuits that...
electronic shutter
A mechanical shutter that has had its timing escapement replaced with an electronic timing circuit. This circuit allows a...
deflection circuit
The circuit that regulates an electron beam's deflection in a cathode-ray tube.
CMOS camera
A CMOS camera refers to an imaging device that employs a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor to...
substrate
A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...
integrated photonics
Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...
monolithic device
A device that is fabricated in a single piece; A device (i.e. circuit) that is operated at a single frequency or a single...
active-matrix OLED display
An OLED display that has an integrated electronic backplane as its substrate. Active-matrix OLED displays use at least two...
axial gradient technology
A method of designing lasers whereby the laser rod is cut into elliptical discs and cooled by running water over the disc...
reactor
In chemistry, a device in which a chemical reaction takes place. In electronics, a device that introduces reactance into a...
passive-matrix OLED display
An OLED display formed by creating an array of OLED pixels connected by intersecting anode and cathode conductors arranged...
time-to-amplitude converter
A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) is an electronic circuit that converts a time interval between two events into an...
ospin
Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found primarily in the retinas of vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, as well...
plasmonics
Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...
resonator
A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...
imbedding material
A thermoplastic or thermosetting material used to hold an object fixed and keep it from deterioration. In microcircuitry,...
photonic crystal surface-emitting laser
A photonic crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) refers to a type of laser diode that emits light from its surface rather...
probe card
A probe card is a testing device used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry to evaluate and test the electrical...
chip-on-board lights
Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...
monitor current
In a laser diode, the photocurrent produced by a photodiode that detects the emission from the rear facet of the...
optoelectronic integrated circuit
A monolithic device containing both photonic and electronic sources, detectors, modulators, etc., on a single semiconductor...
fan-out
The distribution of one signal to more than one location. In a digital computer, it refers to the number of outputs that can...
optical link
Any optical transmission channel used in telecommunications designed to connect two end terminals or to be connected in...
tearing
In television, a lateral displacement of the lines from their normal position due to the instability of a synchronizing...
time constant
The amount of time needed for a detector signal or electronic circuit to reach 63 percent of its final value after a fixed...
die bonding
Die bonding is a critical process in semiconductor manufacturing and microelectronics assembly, where a semiconductor die or...
indium phosphide
Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...
vacuum chamber
A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...
fan-in
The simultaneous collection of two or more signals at a single location. In a digital computer, it refers to the number of...
carrier injection
Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...
isolator
In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...
heterodyning
In optical communications, the translation of optical signals into radio signals, lowering their frequency in detection from...
thick-film circuit
A microcircuit whose passive components consist of a ceramic-metal combination deposited on a given substrate by screening...
voltage contrast analysis
A nondestructive testing method for very large scale integration circuits, using a scanning electron microscope to monitor...
feedback compensation
The placement of a device or an additional circuit into a feedback control system to improve its response in relation to a...
epitaxial
Epitaxial refers to the growth of a crystalline layer on a crystalline substrate in such a way that the orientation of the...
closed-circuit television system
A television system that does not broadcast television signals but transmits them over a closed circuit.
discriminator
A circuit incorporated into counter systems that records only pulses that have amplitudes between two preselected limits.
central processing unit
The computer module whose circuitry interprets instructions and guides the actions of the peripherals. Also known as the...
sapphire
Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...
epitaxial equipment
Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...
unijunction transistor
A three-terminal semiconductor having only one PN junction and a stable, open-circuit, negative-resistance property.
broadband filter
A broadband filter is an electronic or electromagnetic device designed to pass a range of frequencies or signals within a...
photonic cavity
A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...
hybrid optical integrated circuit
Device in which the various circuit elements are fabricated in different substrate materials and then appropriately joined...
flip chip
An optical switch that controls conduction paths into and out of a junction in fiber optic and integrated optical circuits.
flat pack
A slab-shaped, very low profile package for electronic components; often used when printed circuit boards must be closely...
neutron radiography
The nondestructive analysis and recording of industrial components based on the absorption of relatively low-energy neutrons...
synchronous detector
A detector sensitive only to signals close to or at a particular frequency that is the same as the frequency of a control...
vidicon
A small television tube originally developed for closed-circuit television. It is about 1 inch in diameter and 5 inches...
chip
1. A localized fracture at the end of a cleaved optical fiber or on a glass surface. 2. An integrated circuit.
MSM photodiode
A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...
micro-ring resonator
A micro-ring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...
servomotor
A type of motor that acts as the control element in a servomechanism. It is powered by an amplifier circuit and drives the...
via
In integrated circuits, a pathway, hole, or other passage through the substrate.
light-activated silicon-controlled rectifier
A PN-PN device with incident light taking the place of gate current; three of the four semiconductor regions are available...
laser resistor trimming
In hybrid or monolithic integrated circuits, the laser ablation of a portion of resistor material to achieve the design...
photonic computer
A type of computer in which the electronic circuits, which process data serially, are replaced by photonic circuits capable...
free-space optical interconnect
A type of internal photonic connection in an integrated circuit in which a holographic grating is used to focus light at...
integrated optics
A thin-film device containing miniature optical components connected via optical waveguides on a transparent dielectric...
Schmitt trigger
Oscilloscope electronic circuit that produces an output pulse whose pulse width is determined by the time that the output...
optoisolator
An optical coupling device that uses light to bridge the gap between incompatible wire communications systems. It contains...
gamma correction
Modification of a system to provide for a linear transfer characteristic from an input to an output device. A circuit for...
photolithography
Photolithography is a key process in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and...
ladder diagram
A diagram that shows actual component signals and the basic wiring configuration of a relay logic circuit.
electron storage ring
An advanced magnetic device used in x-ray lithography to beam x-rays onto the surface of silicon wafers used for...
electroluminescent display
The utilization of the light produced when electrical energy is directly converted into light within devices used for visual...
trunk
In a fiber optic communications network, a circuit that connects two switching centers and does not branch off to terminal...
anode
The part of an electrical circuit in which the electrons leave (a cathode-ray tube) or enter (an electrolytic cell) a unit...
photonic integrated circuit
A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...
split-image microscope
A mask-alignment microscope used to produce and inspect microcircuits in the electronics industry. It provides flat-field,...
cell
1. A single unit in a device for changing radiant energy to electrical energy or for controlling current flow in a circuit....
heat sink
A series of flanges or other conducting surfaces, usually metal, attached to an electronic device to transmit and dissipate...
multi-axis alignment
Multi-axis alignment refers to the process of aligning or adjusting components or systems in multiple spatial dimensions or...
time domain
The time domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to describe signals in terms of their behavior over...
photoresist
Photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in photolithography processes, particularly in the fabrication of...
automatic gain control
A method of producing an essentially constant output signal from an electronic circuit despite variations in the strength of...
fiber optic transceiver
A fiber optic transceiver, often simply referred to as an "optical transceiver," is a device used in fiber optic...
doping
In the context of materials science and semiconductor physics, doping refers to the intentional introduction of impurities...
integrated circuit
Multiple, interconnected circuit elements, contained on or in a common substrate, that function as a unit and not separately.
phase-locked loop
A circuit that uses feedback to synchronize the phase of a voltage-controlled oscillator with the phase of an incoming or...
germanium crystal
Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...
capacitor
A device that accumulates and stores electrical energy to introduce capacitance into a circuit. Basically, it is composed of...
x-ray lithography
A method of projecting integrated circuit patterns on a silicon wafer using x-ray wavelengths focused through a special mask.
power supply
Refers to the voltage and current necessary for the operation of circuit devices.
lithography
Lithography is a key process used in microfabrication and semiconductor manufacturing to create intricate patterns on the...
oscillation threshold
Point at which a laser's material gain is equal to, or greater than, the circuit losses.
transversely excited atmosphere carbon dioxide laser
Abbreviated TEA CO2 laser. A gas laser that provides shorter pulses and higher peak powers than conventional CO2 lasers. The...
drift
A gradual change in the output of a circuit or instrument over time.
charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a type of electronic image sensor used in various imaging devices, including digital...
optical interconnection
The use of photonic devices rather than electronic devices to make connections within and between integrated circuits.
wafer
In the context of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing, a wafer refers to a thin, flat disk or substrate made of a...
television monitor
A television receiver that receives the signals generated by a television camera directly, or remotely through a radio...
C-mount
A standard lens interface initially made for 16mm movie cameras and now used primarily on closed-circuit television cameras....
scintillation detector
A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...
microcircuit manufacturing
The formation of transistors, diodes, capacitors, resistors and other electronic elements directly on a flake of silicon by...
coincidence circuit
Electronic circuit capable of distinguishing the pulses emitted by separate counters in a given time phase and determining...
infrared automatic mass screening
A thermal infrared imaging procedure developed for quality control of printed circuit boards. The thermogram of each board...
current transient
A sudden, brief increase in current or voltage in a circuit that can damage sensitive components and instruments. Preventive...
discrete
An individual circuit component, complete in itself, such as a resistor, diode, capacitor or transistor. It is used as an...
feedback circuit
A circuit that permits feedback in an electronic device.
nanoimprint lithography
Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...
semiconductor
A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...
optical modulator
A multilayered thin-film device used to modulate transmitted light in integrated photonic circuits.
active-matrix
An OLED display that has an integrated electronic backplane as its substrate. Active-matrix OLED displays use at least two...
laser-induced cut and patch
A process used in the design, repair and customization of integrated circuits. A low-power laser etches a silicon wafer...

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