Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications due to its exceptional optical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Sapphire is transparent over a wide range of wavelengths,...

A means of determining a prism's index of refraction by placing the prism so that its emergent face is perpendicular to the...

A method of erasable optical data storage in which information is stored by visible light, then read by illumination with an...

The simulation of solar radiation in the infrared and ultraviolet spectrum for the analysis of extraterrestrial sunlight and...

MWIR stands for mid-wave infrared, referring to a specific range of wavelengths within the infrared spectrum. Infrared...

An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...

A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...

An optical system used to collect infrared energy from a scene using scanning optics with a point or line detector, as...

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry to obtain IR spectra of samples....

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics and biomedical research to obtain...

A term referring to various processes for forming visible images outside of a camera to be photographed on ordinary film....

Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...

A vibrational transition refers to a change in the vibrational energy of a molecule. Molecules consist of atoms that are...

Unlike the thermocouple or bolometer, the pyroelectric infrared detector is a current source with an output proportional to...

An infrared detector that achieves a specified sensitivity through the application of certain cryogenic temperatures.

An infrared device used in satellites and rockets to determine a heat horizon for the Earth at altitudes (above 200 miles)...

Electromagnetic radiation detectable by the eye, ranging in wavelength from about 400 to 750 nm. In photonic applications...

Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of...

A light therapy that utilizes nonionizing light sources, including lasers, LEDs, and broadband light, in the visible and...

A filter that transmits infrared and ultraviolet but is opaque to visible radiation.

A guided missile that uses an infrared sensor to detect and home in on an enemy target. The missile is guided by the high...

Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...

Short wavelength infrared (SWIR) refers to the portion of the infrared spectrum that encompasses wavelengths roughly between...

A microscope that uses a reflecting objective; often used with ultraviolet or infrared radiation.

An instrument used to record infrared images of large areas. The recorded data are used to produce maps in false color...

An absorption peak refers to a sharp increase or spike in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a particular...

An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...

The range of materials that, unlike glass, may be used in the infrared. Water-soluble salts, such as cesium iodide, and...

A television system used for seeing in the dark, particularly with the use of infrared rays.

A printing process of electrostatic electrophotography that uses a photoconductive insulating medium, in conjunction with...

The application of ultraviolet, x-ray, infrared and conventional photography to law enforcement.

A semiconductor diode operating in either a coherent or incoherent mode that is used as a near-infrared or visible source in...

The optical form of the crystal fluorspar, calcium fluoride, that is utilized for its low optical dispersion, its low...

An array of lines in the infrared region of the emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen. Their wave numbers are expressed by...

An infrared source combined with reflecting projection optics to illuminate a target making it visible when observed through...

Broadband dielectric mirrors, also known as broadband mirrors, are optical coatings designed to efficiently reflect or...

That part of an infrared detector-Dewar assembly that limits the solid angle viewed by the sensor; it is maintained at a...

A photoconductive cell having greatest sensitivity in the infrared region. The photosensitive material of the cell is lead...

A monitoring technique used to measure the oxygen saturation levels in the brains of patients, commonly in operating room...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

The process of producing a visible two-dimensional image of a scene that is dependent on differences in thermal or infrared...

A device that uses low-level visible radiation or infrared radiation to produce a visual image of a night scene. These...

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

That characteristic which makes a weapon system less visible to radar, optical, acousto-optic, infrared and other military...

An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...

A long-pass filter is an optical filter that allows longer wavelengths of light to pass through while blocking or...

A laser-pumped crystal with nonlinear optical properties inside of an optical resonator in which the output generates...

Adhering material used to glue optical components that transmit in the infrared. It is easily dissolved by acetone.

The production of an image on a magnetic film that is exposed to infrared radiation and heated to a point above Curie...

A multiline laser system refers to a type of laser that is capable of emitting multiple discrete wavelengths or spectral...

A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...

A mirror with a coating that reflects infrared radiation and transmits visible light.

The determination of a substance's identity or quantity through the analysis of its optical rotation. For example, the...

An InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) camera is a type of imaging device that utilizes InGaAs sensors to capture images in the...

A computer-generated routine for achieving true-temperature readings in thermal infrared imaging systems.

A superconducting bolometer, operating at very low temperatures, that is used to detect infrared radiation.

A filter exhibiting transparency, absorption or reflectance characteristics specifically for spectral control of wavelengths...

Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...

An optical fiber in which ions of a rare-earth element, such as neodymium, erbium or holmium, have been incorporated into...

A dark red opaque material that is transparent to the infrared beyond 1 µm.

In reference to infrared, emissions that are like radio waves but that have a higher frequency.

A type of microscope that uses radiation in the infrared region to illuminate objects that are opaque to visible radiation....

Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...

Infrared radiation absorbed by crystals as a result of the excitation of lattice vibrations in which ions having opposite...

In an interferogram, an intense portion of the recording that corresponds in size to the amount of infrared radiation...

A means of illumination from which the infrared component has been removed by absorption or reflection filters within the...

The shortest wavelengths of the infrared region, nominally 0.75 to 3 µm.

Any organic substance, that when dissolved in appropriate liquid based solvents will absorb and emit electromagnetic...

The photographic recording of the heat radiation emitted from various points on the object as corresponding density...

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures changes in hemoglobin...

Sapphire optical fiber is a type of optical fiber made from single-crystal sapphire, which is a form of aluminum oxide...

A Nernst glower, also known simply as a Nernst lamp or Nernst filament, is a type of incandescent lamp or radiant heater...

An arc flash is a sudden release of electrical energy due to an electric arc — a continuous, high-current discharge of...

Radiation from the sun that is made up of a very wide range of wavelengths, from the long infrared to the short ultraviolet...

An infrared detector in which radiation passes through a doped germanium crystal, creating a voltage drop that can be...

A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...

A thin-film photoconductive cell that is sensitive to the infrared region. The photosensitive material of the cell is...

A filter, partially opaque to near-ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation, that may be made by exposing and processing...

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

An instrument, similar in design to regular binoculars, that can transmit and enlarge infrared images.

Equipment used for chemical analysis by investigation of the spectra formed and observed in chemical activity. Of particular...

A phototube having a cesium-coated cathode that has its greatest sensitivity in the infrared region.

A passive infrared system that uses two line-of-sight telescopes to generate both narrow and wide field-of-view images of...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique used in medical and scientific fields to capture...

The decrease in effect in developable density on a photographic plate formed by a second exposure to radiation having a...

A phosphor, such as sulfide or selenide, that can be excited to luminescence by incident infrared radiation simultaneous to...

A glass filter that transmits visible light while absorbing infrared energy (heat).

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...

Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...

A lamp designed to emit a large amount of infrared radiation; used in applications requiring heat.

A mid-infrared camera is a type of imaging device designed to capture images in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range,...

Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies between 300 GHz and 10 THz, and existing between regions of the electromagnetic...

An alexandrite laser is a solid-state laser that utilizes a synthetic crystal made from the rare earth element alexandrite...

An infrared transmitting material used in the production of fluoride glasses for optical fibers.

The measurement of the ability of matter to absorb, transmit or reflect infrared radiation and the relating of the resultant...

A method of manufacturing polycrystalline infrared-transmitting optical fiber by heating a single halide crystal billet and...

Thermography is a technique that involves the use of an infrared imaging device, called a thermal camera or infrared camera,...

imaging system which clearly shows the IR signals in the field of view as well as ambient environment

A grating used as a reflectance filter, particularly in the far-infrared. Small plane gratings, blazed for the wavelength of...

A spectrophotometer having a prism or, more frequently, a grating for the study and recording of infrared spectra. It...

A group of four cameras loaded with different combinations of filters and film (one is usually an infrared color film) to...

A thermistor that uses a semiconductor that is sensitive to infrared radiation to measure the radiation's intensity.

Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) is a nonlinear optical method that allows imaging of biological cells and living...

A vidicon that has a photoconductive surface that can be excited by infrared radiation.

A defect in infrared systems that appears as a dark circular area on a displayed image, caused by radiation reflecting into...

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

The process by which an atomic system changes from one energy level to another by either the emission or absorption of...

A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The...

A mirror whose coating serves to reflect visible radiation while transmitting the infrared.

A form of infrared CCD that utilizes internal photoemission as a photodetection mechanism.

Photoconductive antenna (PCA) is a semiconductor element that generates or detects high-frequency electromagnetic signals....

Infrared (IR) refers to the region of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths longer than those of visible light, but...

An electro-optical infrared tracker consisting of a beamsplitter, an illuminating source, an image dissector tube and an...

Controlled beam technology that introduces beams of sunlight through holes in a roof that are relayed throughout the...

One of the first lasers to find practical application. Generally, the pumping mechanism is an electric discharge, although...

A polycrystalline material that transmits in the infrared; it is used as a phosphor in x-ray and television screens.

A gas maser that is capable of producing radiation in the far-infrared region of the spectrum.

A technique for measuring the concentration of any gases. Identical infrared beams are alternately chopped, one passing...

That part of the infrared spectrum from about 30 to 1000 µm.

An infrared-transmitting optical fiber with a hollow core; it can be square, round or rectangular in cross section. Capable...

The process of mapping the infrared emittance of an area through the use of an infrared detector and related scanning...

An optical component coated to reflect infrared radiation. Gold, silver and aluminum are typical coating materials.

A crystalline semiconductor material that transmits in the infrared.

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

A cooling system used to attain and maintain desired low temperatures in infrared systems. The Stirling type is a mechanical...

A thermal-infrared camera, often referred to simply as a thermal camera, is a type of imaging device that detects infrared...

A solid with a structure that exhibits a basically symmetrical and geometrical arrangement. A crystal may already possess...

A type of glass used in near-infrared optical components, in which germanium is used as a cation instead of silicon.

An infrared imaging device composed of a detector array and readout electronics. It may include a cryogenic cooling system....

A direct method of measuring refractive index that works best with flat-surfaced samples (i.e., those that are not dependent...

A device that combines electronic and optical techniques to form a monitored infrared signal between 1 and 14 µm. It...

1. A thin parallel plate of material that transmits in the infrared region. See infrared optical material. 2. A spectral...

An instrument incorporating an infrared detector assembly, used to analyze carbon dioxide gases and in medical applications...

Glass designed to absorb most infrared and ultraviolet radiation while transmitting most of the visible region.

A device for detecting visual and infrared radiation using a photoconductor as the principle sensing element.

LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...

Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...

A countermeasure used against heat seeking missiles to reduce their effectiveness. Normally it involves the emittance of...

A photocathode having a P-type semiconductor with a work function less than its bandgap. The photocathode can release a...

The conversion of an internal latent image into a surface latent image through exposure to infrared radiation. The converse...

A sensing or image-forming detector that serves to convert infrared rays into visible signals for communication purposes....

The point at which infrared transmission is cut off.

A near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the absorption, transmission, or reflection...

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...

An image converter that produces a visible image based on the infrared emittance of the object. The infrared energy is...

A night-vision device that uses one or more infrared transducers to scan a scene in the 3- to 5-µm or 8- to...

A system that uses infrared detectors and related instrumentation to determine when abnormal amounts of infrared radiation,...

A laser having a lasing material that is a fluorescing organic dye. Depending on the dye used, it can produce emission in...

A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...

In infrared imaging systems used for mass screening of printed circuit boards or other quality control applications, an...

A reticle carrying patterns of various forms that can be rotated in an optical beam to cause variations in the intensity of...

A telescope that transmits, enlarges and converts infrared images.

A semiconductor material that is used as an infrared detector for light up to 5 µm in wavelength.

A silicon photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is a type of photodetector...

Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...

The tracking of a target by its infrared emittance. See heatseeker.

Infrared radiation emitted from a source that is not heated sufficiently to give off visible radiation.

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...

An instrument that serves to produce an enlarged electron image on a fluorescent screen by focusing an infrared image of a...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

A visible laser beam generated coaxially with an infrared or other invisible laser beam to aid in its positioning.

A thermal infrared imaging procedure developed for quality control of printed circuit boards. The thermogram of each board...

Phototherapy is a medical treatment that involves the use of light to treat various conditions, particularly those related...

A semiconductor material used in photodetectors, sensitive in the infrared up to 5 µm.

A process used in pyrometry and photothermometry to create a photographic record of a surface's temperature gradients....

A semiconductor laser that operates in the infrared and that is pumped with strong pulses of radiation from a second laser....

A substance that transmits the infrared, but which is too delicate or fragile to be used in the form of a single crystal....

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive analytical technique that uses the near-infrared region of the...

An infrared source, set in a stationary position, that is used as a reference in certain navigational systems.

Also known as TEA laser. A coherent optical source with a wide wavelength range in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet...

A photovoltaic cell usually sensitive to infrared radiation. It may have a copper base and a film of cuprous oxide. When it...

An infrared light source is a device that emits light in the infrared spectrum, which lies beyond the visible spectrum of...

An electromagnetic wave lying within the region of the frequency spectrum that is between about 1000 MHz (1 GHz) and 100,000...

An infrared detector mounted directly on the cold finger of the Dewar cooler rather than at the interface of Dewar and...

A crystal often used for windows and refracting components in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared. Characteristically,...

A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...

A mirror coated to reflect cold (white) light while transmitting hot (infrared) energy.

A noncrystalline, inorganic mixture of various metallic oxides fused by heating with glassifiers such as silica, or boric or...

Also known as analog thermogram. The resultant photograph, illustrating, in tones ranging from black to white, the spatial...

A thermocouple that is used in infrared spectroscopy to detect a sample's infrared emittance. See thermocouple.

A lamp that has mercury in a tube or bulb that has first been evacuated. The electricity travels through the vapor between...

Any object that emits radiation of a wavelength lying between about 0.75 to 1000 µm. A calibrated secondary source...

A spectrometric instrument that detects radiation simultaneously in multiple channels, sorts it spectrally from the deep...

Any of the photoelectric and thermal detectors, spectrographs and monochromators, thermographs, scanners, amplifier tubes,...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

The photographic recording of images on a medium sensitive to infrared radiation, using a source capable of emitting in the...

The study and the interpretation of the infrared emittances of celestial bodies and phenomena.

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

A diffraction grating with lines and grooves formed so as to concentrate the radiation of a particular wavelength into one...

Referred to as SWCNTs, these cylindrical nanostructures composed of a folded sheet of graphene can be used as near-infrared...

Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...

The element that resembles a lightweight metal, but when very pure, has a very high electrical resistance and is transparent...

A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...

The naturally occurring crystalline form of silicon dioxide. It is slightly birefringent and exhibits rotary dispersion of...

Literally, neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet. A cylindrical rod of yttrium-aluminum-garnet doped with neodymium that is the...

Infrared optics refer to optical components and systems designed to manipulate and control infrared (IR) light, which lies...

Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...

Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...

A device employed to identify toxic agents lingering on the ground or in the air from up to three miles away, by using laser...

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a nondestructive analytical technique used to investigate the optical properties...

An Er:YAG laser is a type of solid-state laser that uses a crystal made of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet...

An instrument used for viewing in low levels of illumination by means of infrared radiation. A high-aperture lens forms an...

Long-wave infrared (LWIR) refers to a specific range of the infrared spectrum. Infrared radiation is divided into three main...

The production of visible light by infrared radiation whereby the light is produced by heat and not by any direct change in...

An optical clock is a highly precise and advanced timekeeping device that relies on the oscillations of electromagnetic...

Photographic recording that uses infrared radiation as the light source to form an image of a microscopic object and a...

Used to detect radiation from the infrared region. The functional process includes absorption of infrared radiation, which...

A semiconductor device with a semiconductor junction in which infrared radiant flux is nonthermally produced when a current...

An impurity-doped silicon detector array sensitive to long infrared wavelengths, installed in optical collecting systems...

A photoconductor that demonstrates increased conductivity during its exposure to infrared radiation.

A detector-Dewar assembly typically refers to a combination of a detector and a Dewar flask used in scientific instruments,...

Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...

Name originally given to the sun's infrared radiation by Sir William Herschel in his Philosophical Transactions of 1800.

1.) Generally, the electromagnetic spectrum within the wavelength region extending from the vacuum ultraviolet at 40 nm to...

A laser with output over a wide range of wavelengths spanning the far-infrared region of the spectrum (30 to 1000 µm);...

An electron tube that employs electromagnetic radiation to produce a visual replica of an image produced on its cathode....

A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....

Optical coatings are thin layers of materials applied to optical components, such as lenses, mirrors, filters, and prisms,...

A grating with very coarse rulings to match the long wavelengths in the far-infrared region. In the most efficient ruling...

A cryogenically cooled component incorporated into the Dewar of an infrared detector assembly to maintain the sensing...

A dichroic mirror, also known as a dichroic beamsplitter or interference filter beamsplitter, is an optical device that...

Chalcogenide refers to a class of compounds containing elements from group 16 of the periodic table, which includes sulfur...

A sensor generally used for infrared imaging. It consists of two chambers separated by a thin, blackened membrane. An...