A phonon is a quantum of vibrational energy associated with the periodic motion of atoms or molecules in a crystalline lattice. In simpler terms, phonons are quanta of lattice vibrations in a solid material. They represent the collective vibrational...

An advanced technique that allows the detection of one molecule within a crystal or a cell through optical excitation....

A photoreceptor material used in solar cells and in drums for laser printers and high-speed copiers because of its high...

Bohr's formulation that every new theoretical principle must correspond to the salient classical predecessor. The principle...

The technology that deals with the interaction of organic materials with light and other forms of radiant energy whose...

A multiline laser system refers to a type of laser that is capable of emitting multiple discrete wavelengths or spectral...

A laser having a rare-earth chelate within a plastic host as the lasing material. The chelate laser is easily pumped and has...

The science of all complex elements of atomic and molecular spectra, and the interaction of radiation and matter.

The square of the ratio of the measured detectivity to the theoretical maximum detectivity.

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method of secure communication that utilizes principles from quantum mechanics to...

The difference between the energy of an atom in its ground state and that of the same atom in its excited (quantum) state.

An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a device used to modulate the amplitude, phase, or polarization of light waves using an...

Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...

Photoluminescence is a phenomenon in which a material absorbs photons (light) at one wavelength and then re-emits photons at...

A photodetector in which an electrical charge is produced when incident photons change electrons within the detecting...

Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...

A mid-infrared camera is a type of imaging device designed to capture images in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range,...

Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...

An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...

The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. The...

A charged elementary particle of an atom; the term is most commonly used in reference to the negatively charged particle...

A quantum dot is a nanoscale semiconductor structure, typically composed of materials like cadmium selenide or indium...

A semiconductor laser that operates in the infrared and that is pumped with strong pulses of radiation from a second laser....

A CCD that has been reduced in thickness by etching so that light passes through the back layers of the CCD. This type of...

Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum mechanics where two or more particles become correlated to such an extent...

The concept of the de Broglie wavelength exploits the wave-particle duality of quantum physics by associating all matter (of...

A diagram in which the variable frequencies of a spectral band system are plotted corresponding to ascending values of the...

The number of electrons emitted per photon incident upon a photodetector.

A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...

Nonlinear polarization refers to the phenomenon where the polarization of a material responds nonlinearly to an applied...

Cathode radiant sensitivity refers to the ability of a photocathode to convert incident radiant energy, typically in the...

A fundamental law of quantum theory which states that the discrete quanta of energy transfers associated with...

Mathematical compensation for the nonhydrogenic behavior of recombination radiation levels of gases, based on the quantum...

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is an optical device used to measure the phase difference between two collimated beams of...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

Quantum sensing refers to a class of sensing technologies that leverage principles from quantum mechanics to enhance the...

The slope of the curve when output is plotted against input for quantum efficiency in a device.

A quantum of electromagnetic energy of a single mode; i.e., a single wavelength, direction and polarization. As a unit of...

GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...

In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

1. The process by which an atom acquires energy sufficient to raise it to a quantum state higher than its ground state. 2....

A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information...

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...

Observed phenomenon in laser pulses in which a large number of excited electrons are created and in which multiphoton...

Operation in which the minimum detectable signal is set because of variations in the average signal current; e.g., quantum...

The universal constant h that has a value of 6.6260693 x 10-34 Js. A quantum of energy is equal to the product of the...

A microbubble resonator is a device used in photonics and optical physics for the precise manipulation of light waves. It...

The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of...

Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...

Quantum confinement refers to the phenomenon in quantum mechanics where the motion of charge carriers, such as electrons or...

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

Photocathodes are specialized materials or surfaces that exhibit the photoelectric effect, wherein the absorption of photons...

The term quantum refers to the fundamental unit or discrete amount of a physical quantity involved in interactions at the...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

An optically bistable device used for photonic switching, constructed of a multiple quantum well biased by an external...

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

Quantum-enhanced metrology refers to the use of quantum mechanics principles and techniques to enhance the precision and...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

A vibrational transition refers to a change in the vibrational energy of a molecule. Molecules consist of atoms that are...

A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...

Scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) refers to a type of image sensor technology specifically designed...

Noise generated within an optical communications system link that has both internal (dark current) and external (background...

A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...

The term "Rydberg atom" refers to an atom in a highly excited state where one or more of its electrons are in a Rydberg...

An observed effect of the ability of certain atomic particles to pass through a barrier that they cannot pass over because...

Superluminal transmission refers to the hypothetical process of transmitting information faster than the speed of light,...

The area of optics in which quantum theory is used to describe light in discrete units or "quanta" of energy known as...

A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...

The individual coherent series of lightwaves that defines a quantum of radiant energy. Light quantum is equal to hv, h being...

The spontaneous emittance of electromagnetic radiation by the nucleus of certain radioactive elements during their quantum...

An optical clock is a highly precise and advanced timekeeping device that relies on the oscillations of electromagnetic...

A narrow channel created by cleaving a crystal made of alternating layers of gallium arsenide and aluminum gallium arsenide,...

The number of electrons that can share a principal quantum number by preventing identity between any two electrons' four...

An APD detector, or avalanche photodiode detector, is a type of photodetector used to detect light or optical signals by...

An absorption peak refers to a sharp increase or spike in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a particular...

A magnon is a quasiparticle representing a quantized spin wave in a magnetic material. In other words, it is a collective...

A vortex phase plate is an optical device designed to impart a phase singularity, commonly referred to as a vortex or phase...

The process whereby a quantum mechanical system alters from one energy level to another. During this process, energy is...

Radiation emitted when a quantum mechanical system drops spontaneously from an excited level to a lower level. This...

An optical gate typically refers to a device or system that controls the transmission of light, allowing it to pass through...

In optics and photolithography, a phase mask refers to a device that modifies the phase of light waves passing through it....