Ellipsometry is an optical technique used to characterize the properties of thin films and surfaces. It is based on the measurement of changes in the polarization state of light reflected or transmitted from a sample. In ellipsometry, polarized...

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) refers to a technology that converts heat energy into electricity using the principles of...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently...

A holographic camera, also known as a holographic imaging system or holographic recorder, is a specialized device used to...

A custom optic refers to an optical component that is designed, manufactured, and tailored to meet specific requirements or...

A biomarker, short for biological marker, refers to a measurable and quantifiable indicator of a biological condition,...

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to obtain high-resolution,...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...

The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...

Attosecond photonics sources refer to devices or systems that generate extremely short pulses of light on the order of...

An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...

Histology is the branch of biology and medicine that involves the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs...

Particle acceleration refers to the process by which charged particles, such as electrons or protons, gain kinetic energy...

Q-switched operation, or q-switching, is a technique used in lasers to produce short and intense pulses of light. The term...

Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...

An ultrafast pulsed laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the...

Laser optics refers to a broad category of optical components and systems designed for manipulating and controlling laser...

An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...

Optoacoustic, or photoacoustic, refers to a phenomenon and related techniques that involve the generation of acoustic waves...

An optical clock is a highly precise and advanced timekeeping device that relies on the oscillations of electromagnetic...

A metalens, short for "metasurface lens," is a type of optical lens that uses nanostructured materials to manipulate light...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, single-stranded RNA molecules, typically consisting of about 19 to 24 nucleotides,...

Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...

Phototoxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by exposure to light, particularly intense or ultraviolet (UV) light, on...

An alexandrite laser is a solid-state laser that utilizes a synthetic crystal made from the rare earth element alexandrite...

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...

A phonon is a quantum of vibrational energy associated with the periodic motion of atoms or molecules in a crystalline...

An atomic clock is a highly precise timekeeping device that uses the vibrations or oscillations of atoms as a reference for...

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...

Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by...

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to measure and analyze the optical...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics and biomedical research to obtain...

Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) is a technique used in laser physics to amplify ultrashort laser pulses to high energies...

The entrance slit, also known simply as the slit, is an essential component in optical instruments such as spectrometers and...

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...

A linear positioning stage, also known as a linear stage or translation stage, is a precision mechanical device used to...

A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...

Low Earth orbit (LEO) refers to a region in space that is relatively close to Earth's surface, typically characterized by...

Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...

An optical table, also known as an optical bench or an optical breadboard, is a specialized platform used in optics...

Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...

Laser annealing is a process that involves using a laser beam to heat and modify the microstructure of a material, typically...

A fiber optic imaging bundle is a specialized optical device composed of multiple optical fibers bundled together. Each...

A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....

A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...

In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and digital image processing...

A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living...

Topological photonics is a branch of physics and optics that explores the application of topological concepts to the...

MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...

Virtual histology refers to the use of digital technology and computational methods to simulate or recreate histological...

An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...

Volumetric imaging refers to the capture, visualization, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) information from a volume of...

Optical glass refers to a type of glass specifically engineered and manufactured for use in optical components and systems,...

A colorimeter is a device used to measure and quantify the color characteristics of an object or a light source. It provides...

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a method of achieving nuclear fusion, a process where two atomic nuclei combine to...

An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a high-resolution imaging and measurement instrument used in nanotechnology, materials...

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful imaging instrument used in scientific research, materials...

Optical design software refers to specialized computer programs used by optical engineers, physicists, and designers to...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...

Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

Optical design and engineering services involve the development, customization, and optimization of optical systems and...

Flow chemistry, also known as continuous-flow chemistry, is a chemical manufacturing process where reactions take place in a...

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a method for detecting antigens or haptens in cells of a tissue section by using labeled...

Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...

A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite characterized by its standardized size and modular design. CubeSats are...

Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...

A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Photoelastic equipment and supplies refer to instruments and materials used in photoelasticity, a technique used to analyze...

Beam profiling is a technique used to characterize and analyze the spatial intensity distribution of a laser beam. It...

Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to...

Structural color refers to coloration in materials that is not caused by pigments or dyes but is instead a result of the...

An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...

The laser output refers to the generated and emitted light produced by a laser system. This output is characterized by...

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a nondestructive analytical technique used to investigate the optical properties...

A monochromator is an optical instrument used to isolate and select a narrow range of wavelengths from a broader spectrum of...

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced optical imaging technique used in microscopy to enhance the...

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...

An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...

In physics, nuclear fusion refers to the process in which two atomic nuclei come together to form a heavier nucleus,...

Sputtering equipment is machinery used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) refers to a specific range of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum....

Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

Also known as RAMP microscopy, random access multiphoton microscopy is a microscopic technique that uses multiple...

A scientific CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera is a type of digital camera specifically designed for...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used molecular biology technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA...

A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...

A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or...

Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a group of super-resolution microscopy techniques that surpass the...

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves using a laser to excite molecules or atoms,...

Photovoltaic (PV) refers to a technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductors. The term...

Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless...

Mode-locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of picoseconds,...

A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...

Laser ablation is a process that involves the removal or erosion of material from a target surface using laser energy. This...

STED microscopy, or stimulated emission depletion microscopy, is a superresolution imaging technique in fluorescence...

An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...

Neuromorphic refers to the design and development of computing systems or devices that are inspired by the structure and...

In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and...

Filoviruses are a family of viruses that are responsible for severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and...

Deep ultraviolet (DUV or deep-UV) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet light with shorter wavelengths than those in the...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

An experimental research technique by which absorbed or unabsorbed radiation is analyzed in order to characterize and...

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a molecular biology technique used to rapidly amplify specific DNA or RNA...

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

The control of free electron movement through the use of electrical or magnetic fields, and use of this electron movement in...

A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...

Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...

Thin-film deposition equipment refers to machinery and tools used in the process of depositing thin layers of material onto...

Holographic tomography is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and tomography to provide three-dimensional...

Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring substances. These...

A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....

A microcomb, short for microresonator frequency comb, is a novel photonic device that generates a precise series of evenly...

Nanopositioning refers to the precise and controlled movement or manipulation of objects or components at the nanometer...

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a therapeutic approach that utilizes the combination of light, a photosensitizer, and...

A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The...

Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

Meta-optics, also known as metasurface optics or flat optics, is a branch of optics that involves the design, fabrication,...

Compilation of the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories that contains values of the line parameters of the 1-0 bands of...

Whole slide imaging (WSI), also known as virtual slide microscopy or digital pathology, is a technology that involves the...

Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

Three-photon microscopy is an advanced imaging technique that belongs to the family of multi-photon microscopy methods. It...

Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...

Time-lapse optical coherence tomography (OCT) refers to a medical imaging technique that captures a series of sequential OCT...

A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...

A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

An accelerator at the Argonne National Laboratory, providing powerful x-ray beams for materials research applications.

Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...

A confocal resonator, also known as a confocal cavity or confocal laser resonator, is a type of optical resonator...

The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where...

Directed energy refers to a type of energy that is emitted and transferred in a controlled direction. The term is often...

A phage, short for bacteriophage, is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Phages are composed of...

Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...

An aptamer is a short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule that can bind to a specific target molecule with high affinity...

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of...

Magneto-optics refers to the study and manipulation of the interaction between magnetic fields and light (electromagnetic...

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

Laser drift typically refers to a phenomenon where the frequency or wavelength of a laser source gradually changes over...

A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...

The angular spectrum approach is a mathematical and computational technique used in the field of optics to analyze and...

Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from...

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that belongs to the powder bed...

A phase screen, in the context of optics and wave optics, refers to a surface or medium that introduces a phase delay to an...

A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...

A beam shaper is an optical device or system designed to modify the spatial profile or intensity distribution of a laser or...

Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...

A ruticon is an opto-electronic device in which light going through it can be modulated by an electric field. The...

A spectroradiometer is a device used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths across the electromagnetic...

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...

A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an optical device that modulates or manipulates the amplitude, phase, or polarization of...

Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...

Diamond turning refers to a precision machining process used to produce complex optical components, particularly lenses and...

Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...

A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...

A reticle, also known as a reticule or graticule, is a pattern or set of markings placed in the focal plane of an optical...

Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...

A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, also known as Nomarski interference contrast microscopy, is an optical...

An InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) camera is a type of imaging device that utilizes InGaAs sensors to capture images in the...

Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found primarily in the retinas of vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, as well...

A spectral signature, in the context of remote sensing and spectroscopy, refers to the unique pattern or characteristic...

An accelerometer is a sensor or transducer that measures the rate of change of velocity of an object, or in simpler terms,...

A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...

Intravital microscopy is an imaging technique used to visualize biological processes within living organisms, typically in...

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures changes in hemoglobin...

Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a superresolution microscopy technique that enables imaging of...

A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...

A magnon is a quasiparticle representing a quantized spin wave in a magnetic material. In other words, it is a collective...

A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...

Laser-mediated gene transfer refers to a technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering that utilizes lasers to...

In optics and photolithography, a phase mask refers to a device that modifies the phase of light waves passing through it....

Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for high-resolution, in vivo imaging...

Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

The term perovskite refers to a specific crystal structure commonly found in various materials. Perovskite structures have a...

A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...

A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that extends traditional Raman spectroscopy by incorporating...

A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...

A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....

Micro-optical coherence tomography (micro-OCT) is an imaging technique that is an adaptation of optical coherence tomography...

An astronomical telescope is a type of optical instrument designed to gather and magnify light from distant celestial...

A well plate, also known as a microplate or microtiter plate, is a flat plate with multiple small wells or depressions...

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...

Harmonic generation refers to a nonlinear optical process in which incoming photons interact with a material and produce new...

A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...