Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor material. Semiconductors are materials with electrical conductivity between that of conductors and insulators, and their...

Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...

Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...

A crystal formed by covalent bonds that are generally highly directional by nature. The electric characteristics of these...

An imaging system that uses a mosaic of tiny light-sensitive semiconductors (phototransistors) to produce individual outputs...

Functional materials refer to materials that possess specific properties or functionalities that make them suitable for...

The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...

In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....

Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...

Photovoltaic (PV) refers to a technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductors. The term...

A junction between semiconductors that differ in their doping level conductivities but not in their atomic or alloy...

In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from...

A junction between semiconductors that differ in their doping level conductivities, and also in their atomic or alloy...

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

Photocathodes are specialized materials or surfaces that exhibit the photoelectric effect, wherein the absorption of photons...

A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...

The radiation emitted in semiconductors when electrons in the conduction band recombine with holes in the valence band. If...

A partially filled or empty energy band through which electrons can move easily. The material can therefore carry an...

The purest gas source of antimony, which is used in the manufacture of compound semiconductors for IR sensors and...

Photoluminescence is a phenomenon in which a material absorbs photons (light) at one wavelength and then re-emits photons at...

Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...

That branch of science involved in the study and utilization of the motion, emissions and behaviors of currents of...

A factor, F, indicating the increase in shot noise in an avalanche photodiode as compared with the ideal multiplier, which...

Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...

Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...