Material hardness scale that is used to characterize the scratch resistance of various materials. This surface hardness evaluation is determined by scratching the surface to be tested with 10 selected materials (talc = 1; diamond = 10), with diamond...

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

A nondestructive testing method for very large scale integration circuits, using a scanning electron microscope to monitor...

A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...

Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...

A form of shearing interferometer that contains a simple wedged (plane-parallel) glass plate with a nonzero optical path...

An optical interference technique widely utilized as a method of nondestructive testing when determining the ray deflection...

The operation of a laser diode or other component prior to its use in its intended application, as a means of testing and...

A transparent plate ruled with black lines and equal, clear spaces. It is used as a multiple knife-edge for testing a...

A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used molecular biology technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA...

An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...

An array of refractive microlenses that are round, square and hexagonal and as small as 15 µm. They are used for...

In sensitometric testing, a series of areas progressing by equal density steps (usually the increments between steps are...

A test method for determining high-reflectivity levels by monitoring cavity decay within a resonant cavity formed by two...

The visual examination by a trained observer of the image of a point source. Any coloring or departure from the Airy disc...

The observation and measurement of the flatness of a mirror surface by contacting an optical flat with the mirror. The...

Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the development of algorithms and...

An optical assembly refers to a collection of optical components that are carefully arranged and aligned to perform a...

A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...

An instrument that employs the interference of lightwaves to measure the accuracy of optical surfaces; it can measure a...

A large table with an accurately designed plane surface used to test other surfaces, or to provide a true surface for...

Design and engineering consulting services refer to professional services provided by specialized firms or individuals to...

A testing device that provides a contour map of the emergent wavefront for the observer in terms of the given wavelength of...

The application of coherent wavefront techniques to the determination of the physical state of a system without appreciably...

A probe card is a testing device used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry to evaluate and test the electrical...

A lens used in the optical testing of an aspheric surface. It converts a spherical wavefront into one that precisely matches...

Lens testing equipment refers to a range of specialized tools and instruments used to evaluate the optical performance,...

A precision lens designed to convert the plane wavefront output of an interferometer to a spherical wavefront for the...

A custom optic refers to an optical component that is designed, manufactured, and tailored to meet specific requirements or...

A means of testing the strength of optical fibers to ensure reliability, by applying stress to the fiber so that any flaws...

An aspheric lens is a type of lens whose surface profiles deviate from the traditional spherical shape. Unlike spherical...

Equipment for testing an observer's color vision. Some tests require the identification or ordering of colored samples. The...

Ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics to simulate the way light interacts with objects in a scene....

Fizeau fringes are interference fringes observed in an interferometer, specifically in a Fizeau interferometer. The Fizeau...

An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...

Photoelastic equipment and supplies refer to instruments and materials used in photoelasticity, a technique used to analyze...

A device used to delay transmission of a signal for functions such as memory loops, sequential processing or built-in...

A test chart whose luminance changes uniformly in one direction according to a sinusoidal rule. These charts carry groups of...

Metrology is the science and practice of measurement. It encompasses the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement,...

A support for optical parts comprising a solid bed that permits precise longitudinal movement of one component relative to...

Phototoxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by exposure to light, particularly intense or ultraviolet (UV) light, on...

Photonics contract manufacturing refers to the outsourcing of the production of photonics-related components, devices, or...

A lateral shearing interferometer is an optical device used in interferometry to measure phase differences between two beams...

The random noise having a spectral density that is substantially independent of the frequency over a specified frequency...

A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...

A method used in surface quality testing for accurate positioning and rotation of metal spheres about an axis or fixed point...

A piece of glass, pyrex or quartz having one or both surfaces carefully ground and polished plano, generally flat to less...

Agents used for testing light sources and natural daylight with visual and instrumental assessment using a set of white...

The testing by hypothesizing a likely crystal structure, computing a test x-ray diffraction pattern and comparing this to...

The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...

Ultrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, typically above...

Rockwell hardness (Rc) refers to a method for measuring the hardness of a material, primarily metals, using an indentation...

Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...

The measurement of first- and higher order properties of a lens and its formed image, including effective focal length, back...

Optical design and engineering services involve the development, customization, and optimization of optical systems and...

Gram-positive bacteria are a group of bacteria that have a thick cell wall composed primarily of a substance called...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

Refers to a variety of methods and tools used to determine the surface contour and performance of optical components and...

Designed for the function of optical wavefront analysis. Shack-Hartmann camera aberration sensors use a lens array to image...

A diffraction pattern sampling unit composed of a 32-element monolithic silicon photodiode array and a readout unit. The...

An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...

Volumetric imaging refers to the capture, visualization, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) information from a volume of...

An antigen is any substance that is capable of triggering an immune response in an organism. Antigens are typically proteins...

Any testing method for materials and components that does not damage or destroy the test sample. Some of the methods used...

A means of testing optical fiber for macrobending losses by wrapping the fiber once at very low tension around a mandrel,...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is an optical device used to measure the phase difference between two collimated beams of...

In laser damage testing, the exposure of many sites of a sample to different intensities of laser irradiation to discover...