Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the III-V group of semiconductors, where elements from groups III and V of the periodic table combine to form a variety of...

Array used in coded-aperture imaging experiments with two-beam CO2 lasers that provide an artifact-free process, faithful...

The study of the optical properties of living tissue. Increased understanding of the behavior of light in this varied,...

A swept-source laser, also known as a wavelength-swept laser, is a type of laser that rapidly and continuously changes its...

An infrared light source is a device that emits light in the infrared spectrum, which lies beyond the visible spectrum of...

A means of achieving higher peak powers and more efficient harmonic generation by narrowing the pulse width and thus...

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within...

A characteristic of laser output, calculated by dividing the speed of light by the linewidth of the laser beam. The temporal...

An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...

A method of measuring complex sequential photosynthetic reactions by varying the pulse time and wavelength of light...

Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...

A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...

LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...

A pulse having extremely short duration, about 10-13 to 10-10 s, that is produced by mode locking of wide-bandwidth lasers,...

1. The process by which an atom acquires energy sufficient to raise it to a quantum state higher than its ground state. 2....

A type of computer in which the electronic circuits, which process data serially, are replaced by photonic circuits capable...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

Decibels referenced to one milliwatt; often used to specify power ratings for semiconductor diode lasers.

Eye blink or head movement in response to bright light. Aversion responses such as blinking are sufficient protection from...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

Lasers based on neodymium-doped yttrium or gadolinium vanadate crystals. These include yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO4),...

A stroboscopelike apparatus that uses a copper vapor laser to illuminate an object for very short time periods (about 30 ns).

A laser cavity, also known as an optical cavity or resonator, is a fundamental component of a laser system. It is a confined...

Continuous wave (CW) refers to a type of signal or transmission where the signal is constant and does not vary with time. In...

Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...

A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...

An Er:YAG laser is a type of solid-state laser that uses a crystal made of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet...

In optics, "mode beating" refers to an interference phenomenon that can occur in laser systems with multiple longitudinal...

The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...

The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. The...

Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...

A reflection hologram using multiple color lasers that integrates various graphical techniques to allow the display of...

A method of creating real three-dimensional models by using lasers driven by CAD software. In contrast to the normal...

An optical table, also known as an optical bench or an optical breadboard, is a specialized platform used in optics...

An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

A laser oscillator in which two mirrors are separated by an amplifying medium with an inverted population, making a...

Micro-LED (micro-light-emitting diode) refers to a technology that involves the use of very small light-emitting diodes to...

A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...

Abbreviated TEA CO2 laser. A gas laser that provides shorter pulses and higher peak powers than conventional CO2 lasers. The...

A confocal resonator, also known as a confocal cavity or confocal laser resonator, is a type of optical resonator...

Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...

The use of lasers in tailoring of such components as thin-film resistors. The process improves speed and accuracy.

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...

Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...

The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...

An ultrafast pulsed laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the...

In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from...

1. In optics, the bending of rays away from each other. 2. In lasers, the spreading of a laser beam with increased distance...

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

A current-source thermal detector used to detect and study the pulses obtained from particular lasers.

Nonlinear optics is a branch of optics that studies the optical phenomena that occur when intense light interacts with a...

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

Photoconductive antenna (PCA) is a semiconductor element that generates or detects high-frequency electromagnetic signals....

An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term...

Directed energy refers to a type of energy that is emitted and transferred in a controlled direction. The term is often...

Free-space optics (FSO), also known as optical wireless communication or optical wireless networking, refers to the...

A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...

A device similar to distributed feedback lasers in construction and operation, but in which the period grating that produces...

Mode hopping in the context of lasers refers to a phenomenon where a laser system abruptly switches from one longitudinal...

A parallel plate of glass in such a position that the refracted and reflected rays of incident parallel light are mutually...

A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...

Optoacoustic, or photoacoustic, refers to a phenomenon and related techniques that involve the generation of acoustic waves...

A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...

The radiation emitted in semiconductors when electrons in the conduction band recombine with holes in the valence band. If...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

A technique used in holography that involves the mixing of lasers of different wavelengths to produce a beam of shorter...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

That part of the science involved in the study of the theory and interpretation of spectra that uses the unique...

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

The phenomenon that makes nonlinear the mathematical expression for the electrical polarization of a medium through which...

Glass containing small quantities of neodymium oxide that is used as a filter plate in color television or as a lasing...

Laser-mediated gene transfer refers to a technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering that utilizes lasers to...

A spectroscopic technique in which an excitation band absorbs laser energy resulting in an electronic transition. The...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

A pulsed laser that emits a recurring pulsed output. Frequency of the pulses emitted is known as pulsed recurrence frequency...

Although low in sensitivity (approximately 10-7 m for helium-neon lasers), this holographic technique permits quantitative...

A YAG crystal refers to a solid-state crystal made of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), which is a synthetic crystalline...

Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) refers to a phenomenon in wave physics, particularly in optics, where waves, such as light or...

Devices in which the lasing medium is a vapor of metal atoms or ions, sometimes mixed with another gas. Metal vapor lasers...

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...

A medical technology that uses lasers or other light sources in combination with photosensitizing drugs to treat cancerous...

A beam shaper is an optical device or system designed to modify the spatial profile or intensity distribution of a laser or...

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

Laser surgery refers to a medical procedure in which a laser, or focused beam of light, is used as a precision tool to cut,...

Azadioxatriangulenium is a type of organic compound with a unique triangular molecular structure. It is often abbreviated as...

A light therapy that utilizes nonionizing light sources, including lasers, LEDs, and broadband light, in the visible and...

Laser drift typically refers to a phenomenon where the frequency or wavelength of a laser source gradually changes over...

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

Also known as gatling gun laser. A system that has an array of lasers sharing a common central axis on a rotating Fabry...

In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...

Q-switched operation, or q-switching, is a technique used in lasers to produce short and intense pulses of light. The term...

Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...

An etalon is an optical device that consists of two parallel reflecting surfaces separated by a precise and known distance....

The generic term applied to all sources of visible radiation from burning matter to ionized vapors and lasers, regardless of...

A laser using a dye solution as its active medium. Its output is a short pulse of broad spectral content and its achievable...

Photoluminescence is a phenomenon in which a material absorbs photons (light) at one wavelength and then re-emits photons at...

A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel...

A method of designing lasers whereby the laser rod is cut into elliptical discs and cooled by running water over the disc...

Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...

A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....

Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...

Certain color centers in the alkali halides have been optically pumped to produce efficient tunable pulsed and...

Gain-switching is a technique used in lasers to generate short pulses of light by modulating the gain of the laser medium....

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

Laser peening is a surface enhancement technique used to improve the mechanical properties of materials, particularly...

A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The...

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...

Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...

A crystalline semiconductor alloy used as the light confinement layer in both single- and double-heterostructure diode...

A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...

Nanopositioning refers to the precise and controlled movement or manipulation of objects or components at the nanometer...

Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...

Holmium lasers are a type of medical laser that utilizes holmium-doped crystals as the gain medium. The term holmium laser...

A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...

An LED (light-emitting diode) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...

A distributed feedback laser (DFB laser) is a type of semiconductor laser diode designed to emit coherent, narrow-bandwidth...

An edge-emitting light-emitting diode is a type of LED structure where light emission occurs primarily along the edge of the...

A form of laser output noise that is caused by thermal, mechanical, or acoustical disturbances of the cavity length. Mode...

Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...

The purest gas source of antimony, which is used in the manufacture of compound semiconductors for IR sensors and...

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a method of achieving nuclear fusion, a process where two atomic nuclei combine to...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

The laser output refers to the generated and emitted light produced by a laser system. This output is characterized by...

One of the first lasers to find practical application. Generally, the pumping mechanism is an electric discharge, although...

Unlike the thermocouple or bolometer, the pyroelectric infrared detector is a current source with an output proportional to...

An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...

Thin-film coatings are layers of material applied to the surface of an object or substrate, typically to modify its optical,...

A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...

Area in which laser operation occurs and therefore safety requirements are met and regulations are implemented. Lasers...

1. The variation in intensity of a light beam as it travels through the atmosphere. 2. In radiation physics, a light flash...

Optical coatings are thin layers of materials applied to optical components, such as lenses, mirrors, filters, and prisms,...

Laser marking is a process in which a laser beam is used to mark or engrave a surface by altering its properties or...

A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...

A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...

The use of two lasers as a master-slave pair in order to control frequency and prevent chirp. When light from the master is...

In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...

Double-clad fiber (DCF) is a specialized optical fiber that features two concentric cladding layers surrounding a core. The...

Mode-locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of picoseconds,...

Sapphire crystal refers to a transparent, single-crystal form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) known as corundum. It is one of the...

GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...

In a lens, the square of the radius of its aperture divided by the product of the focal length and the wavelength. It...

In the context of optics and lasers, a transverse mode refers to a specific spatial pattern of the electric field within the...

This type of miniaturized system, referred to as CMOS qPCR, combines microfluidic technology with an ultralow-light CMOS...

A laser with a gain medium consisting of an organic dye, which is carbon-based. The dye is mixed with a solvent, allowing...

An alexandrite laser is a solid-state laser that utilizes a synthetic crystal made from the rare earth element alexandrite...

A multiline laser system refers to a type of laser that is capable of emitting multiple discrete wavelengths or spectral...

The process of perforating a silicon or ceramic substrate with a series of tiny holes along which it will break. Nd:YAG or...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

An optical resonator in which feedback is accomplished by two parallel planes. In diode lasers, the planes are obtained by...

A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...

Medical lasers are devices that produce intense beams of light with specific characteristics and properties, which are used...

An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...

Metal used in components of the crystalline semiconductor alloys indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), indium gallium arsenide...

A high-intensity source of incoherent white light in which a capacitor is discharged through a tube of xenon gas; often used...

A binary semiconductor compound used as a substrate or active layer for diode lasers.

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....

A crystal, glass, or quartz slicing and cutting machine is a specialized piece of equipment used in the manufacturing...

A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...

A Nernst glower, also known simply as a Nernst lamp or Nernst filament, is a type of incandescent lamp or radiant heater...