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DataRay Inc. - ISO 11146-Compliant Laser Beam Profilers
ISO Dictionary Terms

optoelectronic isolator
ordinary ray
The ray that has an isotropic speed and maintains a uniform polarization in all propagation directions when traveling in a...
comparator-densitometer
A device used to project a reference spectrum next to a spectrum to be analyzed to provide visual comparison.
optoisolator
An optical coupling device that uses light to bridge the gap between incompatible wire communications systems. It contains...
photochemical
The term photochemical pertains to chemical processes or reactions that are initiated or influenced by the absorption of...
soliton
Any isolated wave that propagates without dispersion of energy. Specifically to photonics, an ultrashort pulse of laser...
ospin
Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found primarily in the retinas of vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, as well...
long-pass filter
A long-pass filter is an optical filter that allows longer wavelengths of light to pass through while blocking or...
crystal optics
The study of the transmission of radiant energy through crystals, especially anisotropic crystals, and their effects on...
calutron
An electromagnetic device used to separate isotopes of elements based on their respective masses.
comparison microscope
Two microscopes that are coupled on a common stand, the two images being projected side by side in the field of view of a...
atmospheric absorption line parameters compilation
Compilation of the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories that contains values of the line parameters of the 1-0 bands of...
Voigt effect
The induced birefringence in isotropic gases that results when the gases are placed in strong fields.
isochromatic lines
1. Lines of the same color. 2. A term used in photoelastic stress analysis to refer to the interference fringes produced in...
surface quality standards
The standards of MIL-O-13830 set by the US government relative to tolerable surface scratches and other such defects in an...
negative dielectric anisotropy
State typically studied in liquid crystals in which the dielectric coefficient parallel to the director is less than the...
cryospectroscopy
The spectrographic analysis of matter that is in a cooled state. Generally, a mechanical refrigerator is used to lower the...
mercury arc
An electric arc that is formed in mercury vapor through which an electric current flows. The intensity of the illumination...
ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eyes and visual system....
isoperibol enclosure
An enclosure for a calorimeter that allows measurement of unusually low quantities of power and energy.
isochromatic
Having the same chromaticity or color.
comparison lamp
A reference incandescent light source having a luminous intensity that is used in photometry for comparison of other light...
optogenetics
A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...
anisophotic source
A light source that emits an uneven distribution of radiant energy through the visible range.
reflectance confocal microscopy
Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for high-resolution, in vivo imaging...
self-luminous light source
Any material that derives its energy from chemically or electrically induced reactions; isotope or radium excitation is used...
grating monochromator
An optical instrument used to isolate a narrow bandwidth of optical radiation using a diffraction grating as the dispersive...
alpha particle
A positively charged particle emitted from the nucleus of an unstable isotope, characterized by two protons and two...
dewetting
Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...
fiber laser
A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...
polymer
Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers. These monomers are chemically bonded...
intravital microscopy
Intravital microscopy is an imaging technique used to visualize biological processes within living organisms, typically in...
isotope shift
The slight difference in wavelength of an element's given spectral line observed in comparing different isotopes of that...
positive dielectric anisotropy
The dielectric coefficient parallel to the director in a liquid crystal display (LCD), rather than perpendicular to the...
isodivs
A graphic depiction of the loci of all points in space relative to a laser transmitter at a specific altitude.
optical filter
An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...
mask proximity correction
A technique used in photolithography of computer chips to compensate for errors caused by the proximity effect, which...
isogyric curves
With respect to the effect of crystals on lightwaves, the family of curves having constant direction of polarization.
Lyot filter
A type of filter consisting of a series of birefringent crystals and polarizers invented by French astronomer Bernard Lyot...
laser isotope separation
A process of isolation of various atom vapor ions by means of tuning a laser source. For example, laser enrichment is...
recombinase polymerase amplification
Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a molecular biology technique used to rapidly amplify specific DNA or RNA...
optical clock
An optical clock is a highly precise and advanced timekeeping device that relies on the oscillations of electromagnetic...
isotopically selected laser spectroscopy
A spectroscopic technique in which an excitation band absorbs laser energy resulting in an electronic transition. The...
chemisorption
The binding of gas to a surface or in matter by chemical activity.
kron camera
Astronomical detector consisting of a photocathode isolated from the target by a coin value from which electrons are focused...
anisotropy
Anisotropy refers to the property of exhibiting different values or characteristics when measured in different directions....
endoscope
An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...
optically coupled isolator
 photon burst detection of fluorescence
A type of laser spectroscopy used to measure short-lived isotopes by observing sudden bursts of fluorescence resulting from...
comparison spectrum
In analysis, a reference spectrum, having predetermined wavelengths, that is used to determine the wavelengths of another...
automatic optical inspection
A system for automatic industrial process control or measurement, consisting of an optical module for image acquisition, a...
birefringence
Birefringence is an optical property of certain materials that causes them to exhibit different refractive indices for light...
Dobson spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer that measures the amount of ozone in the atmosphere through a comparison of solar energy at two...
equidensitometry
1. The use of an electronic microdensitometer to measure points of equal density on a photographic deposit. 2. A technique...
Lambert's cosine law
Flux per unit solid angle leaving a surface in any direction is proportional to the cosine of the angle between that...
antisolar point
The point to which the extension of the straight line, reaching from the sun to the observer's eye after penetrating the...
in vitro
In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...
doubly refracting crystal
A transparent crystalline substance that is anisotropic relative to the velocity of light.
isosorbs
Lines of equal atmospheric attenuation in a laser beam.
dichroscopic eyepiece
An eyepiece used in a polariscope or polarizing microscope to give a comparison view of the same object under illumination...
optical isolator
Also known as an optical diode, an optical isolator is a device that utilizes the Faraday effect to suppress or redirect...
extraordinary ray
A ray that has a nonisotropic speed in a doubly refracting crystal. It does not necessarily obey Snell's law upon refraction...
visual photometer
A photometer that permits visual comparison of the luminance of two surfaces.
biomarker
A biomarker, short for biological marker, refers to a measurable and quantifiable indicator of a biological condition,...
infrared optic
Infrared optics refer to optical components and systems designed to manipulate and control infrared (IR) light, which lies...
heterochromatic photometry
Light measurement by comparison of the luminances of unlike chromaticities.
anisotropic
Anisotropic is a term used to describe a material or substance that exhibits different properties or behaviors in different...
isocandela diagram
Indication of emission brightness with degree of emission from an optical source.
optoelectronics
Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...
Glan spectrophotometer
A device similar to the ordinary spectrophotometer but containing particular modifications to provide for the comparison of...
band spectrum
A spectrum that originates from molecules and that is composed of bands which, in turn, consist of many closely spaced...
grain isolating diaphragm
In a microscope, the diaphragm located between the Bertrand lens and the eyepiece, which is closed during conoscopic viewing...
filter spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer that makes use of filters to isolate narrow bands of the spectrum.
photometric cube
A prism used in a photometer for the adjacent comparison of separate luminance.
fusion ignition
Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...
wedge photometer
A photometer that uses a wedge, marked to show its reduction of flux density, to make two light sources equal in intensity...
inertial confinement fusion
Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a method of achieving nuclear fusion, a process where two atomic nuclei combine to...
hydrogel
A hydrogel is a three-dimensional network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, meaning they have a strong affinity for...
digital camera
A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...
two-photon excited fluorescence
Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) is a nonlinear optical method that allows imaging of biological cells and living...
multimode distortion
In an optical waveguide,- typically a multimode fiber - the distortion resulting from differential mode delay, i.e. axial...
edge following
In image processing, a segmentation algorithm for isolating a region in an image by following its edge.
double-exposure holography
The formation of an interferogram by means of two holograms on the same recording medium, often used for determining small...
Christiansen-effect filter
A transparent powdered solid immersed in a liquid or plastic of similar refractive index but widely different dispersion;...
image subtraction
A method used to compare two pictures of the same subject taken at different times. See image comparison.
phosphor light source
A source made to glow by electrons that are produced either electrically or by isotopes of various elements.
enantiomer
A molecule that is the mirror image of another molecule. The two mirror-image molecules have the same chemical properties;...
optically isotropic crystal
A transparent crystalline substance that displays the same optical properties (i.e. refractive index) in all directions such...
surface quality
The specification of allowable flaws in a surface by comparison to reference standards of quality. Two graded sets of...
effective color
The color of an object when it is illuminated by a nonisophotic source.
radioautograph
The photographic image of a thin specimen having a radioactive isotope that, formed through contact between the specimen and...
isophotometer
A direct recording photometer that is designed to scan a photographic negative to determine its points of isodensity.
topological photonics
Topological photonics is a branch of physics and optics that explores the application of topological concepts to the...
optical table
An optical table, also known as an optical bench or an optical breadboard, is a specialized platform used in optics...
amorphous
The disordered, glassy solid state of a substance, as distinguished from the highly ordered crystalline solid state....
isopreference curves
Graphic representation of quantified values of image quality whose points all refer to images that are of a constant...
optical channel monitor
An optical channel monitor (OCM) is a device used in optical communication systems to monitor and analyze the performance of...
isocon
 laser cell sorting
A moving group of fluid-suspended biological species directed through separate channels by which the population is isolated....
hyperfine splitting
The splitting of an element's spectral line as the result of the interactions between the electron spin and the spins of...
photoisolator
induced pluripotent stem cells
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are ordinary cells that are genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like...
calorimetry
Calorimetry is a branch of science that involves the measurement of heat flow in physical or chemical processes. It...
inertial fusion energy
Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from...
crystal diamagnetism
The unusual and anisotropic diamagnetic quality observed in particular crystals such as those composed of bismuth.
modulation transfer function analysis/measurement equipment
MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...
isolator
In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...
micropit
A laser-induced scar on experimental bare glass surfaces usually attributable to threshold damage and indicative of isolated...
molecular motor
A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...
isodensities
The points on a photographic negative that are of equal density.
transient calorimetric technique
A method of measuring total hemispherical emissivity of the plane surface of a solid that consists of thermally isolating a...
microspectroscope
A system composed of a prism spectroscope and compound microscope to provide the visual comparison of two spectra...
cascade method
A heterochromatic photometric process using successive comparison of similar chromaticities and the calculation of relative...
liquid crystal light valve
A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...
isophote
A curve or surface having equivalent light intensity.
isotemperature line
 image comparison
A method used in imaging to detect subtle differences between two apparently similar pictures. It can be achieved by...
calcite interference microscope
A microscope that allows examination of a small crystal and conveniently provides linearly polarized object and reference...
Hartmann test
A test for spherical aberration, coma or astigmatism in which incident rays from a point source are isolated by small holes...
resonance ionization spectroscopy
A type of ultrasensitive laser spectroscopy that can detect quantities as small as a single atom of some substances and that...
comparison spectroscope
A device used for the comparison of spectra used, in turn, for the comparison of elements, such as the absorption lines in...
photoacoustic spectroscopy
A method for obtaining the optical absorption spectra of solids, semisolids, liquids and gases. PAS is inherently...
BCS theory
Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity, based on the notion that electrons with opposite momentum and spin...
physisorption
A type of adsorption in which the adsorbed layer is attached to the adsorbent surface by an attractive force between the...
cesium 134
An isotope of cesium that emits negative beta particles and has a half-life of 2.19 years; its applications include...
fluoroscope
An instrument used to detect the fluorescence emitted by a source in comparison with a reference.
magneto-optics
Magneto-optics refers to the study and manipulation of the interaction between magnetic fields and light (electromagnetic...
metrology
Metrology is the science and practice of measurement. It encompasses the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement,...
microRNA
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, single-stranded RNA molecules, typically consisting of about 19 to 24 nucleotides,...
isobar
One of a number of nuclides characterized by an identity between their mass numbers, but each having a different atomic...
monochromator
A monochromator is an optical instrument used to isolate and select a narrow range of wavelengths from a broader spectrum of...
medical lasers
Medical lasers are devices that produce intense beams of light with specific characteristics and properties, which are used...
biometrics
Biometrics refers to the automated recognition of individuals based on their physiological or behavioral characteristics....
phototherapy
Phototherapy is a medical treatment that involves the use of light to treat various conditions, particularly those related...
image isocon
A television camera tube that preceded the development of the vidicon tube and incorporated a method to separate reflected...
atomic absorption spectrometer
An atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) is an analytical instrument used to determine the concentration of specific chemical...
isotropic
That property of a material that determines that velocity of propagation within the material is the same for all directions.
graser
An acronym of gamma ray amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. It is a gamma ray laser that operates between...
optical diode
See Faraday rotation; optoisolator.
in vivo
In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and...
isoplanatic
Free of coma.
optical materials
Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...
nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy
Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...
dielectric
Exhibiting the characteristic of materials that are electrical insulators or in which an electric field can be sustained...
laser drift
Laser drift typically refers to a phenomenon where the frequency or wavelength of a laser source gradually changes over...
label-free
Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...
liquid crystal
Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...

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