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DataRay Inc. - ISO 11146-Compliant Laser Beam Profilers
PIN Dictionary Terms

interference
1. The additive process whereby the amplitudes of two or more overlapping waves are systematically attenuated and...
fiber lapping
A method of optical fiber coupling in which the fibers are ground down to expose their cores and placed together to allow...
pink noise
 band spectrum
A spectrum that originates from molecules and that is composed of bands which, in turn, consist of many closely spaced...
laser velocimeter
A system that uses a continuous-wave laser to measure the velocity of an object by focusing the laser beam on the object,...
pinhole camera
A lensless photographic camera that uses a small sharp-edged hole as its aperture. The light passed by this aperture onto...
nitrogen vacancy
A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...
coded aperture imaging
An imaging process in which the single opening of a simple pinhole camera is replaced with many openings called,...
blocking material
Pitch, wax, resin or other cement suitable for holding optical parts to a spindle during grinding and polishing processes.
advanced driver assistance systems
Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) refers to a set of safety features and technologies designed to assist drivers in...
electromagnon
An electromagnon is a quasiparticle excitation that combines aspects of both magnetism and electric polarization in a...
piezo worm
A piezoelectric translator that moves up and down a spindle like a caterpillar. It clamps itself at one end, expands, clamps...
point cloud
A point cloud is a set of data points in a three-dimensional coordinate system, where each point represents a specific...
design and engineering consulting services
Design and engineering consulting services refer to professional services provided by specialized firms or individuals to...
metallographic polishing machine
A small optical polishing machine intended for polishing the surface of a metal specimen before etching for examination...
depth of field
The distance, on either side of the object plane focused on, through which satisfactory image definition can be obtained....
charge trapping
In a charge-coupled device, the disappearance of some of the accumulated charge into the silicon during readout.
scanning moire topography
A contour mapping technique that uses electronic scanning and sampling techniques instead of a reference grating (see moire...
liquid mirror
A mirror composed of liquid, taking advantage of the parabolic shape of a spinning liquid and the fact that the mirror's...
photon sieve
A photon sieve is an optical device used in the field of optics and imaging. It's designed to focus and shape light,...
point processing
In digital image processing, a subcategory of frame processing that transforms pixel brightness and contrast through use of...
aerocartography
The creation of topographical maps and charts from a stereographic record produced through the overlapping of consecutive...
image enhancement laser
A semiconductor platelet laser that emits a coherent image by means of plane optical pumping over the platelet surface, and...
laser trapping
A technique for confining atoms, molecules or small particles within one or more laser beams. This can be accomplished...
macrobending
In optical fiber, bends that are larger than microbends (see microbending), being visible. Generally they are caused by...
reflection grating
A reflection grating is an optical component that consists of a series of closely spaced, parallel reflecting surfaces or...
doping
In the context of materials science and semiconductor physics, doping refers to the intentional introduction of impurities...
Young's two-slit interference
The method by which Thomas Young in 1802 disproved Newton's corpuscular theory of light by the formation of interference...
uniformly redundant array
Array used in coded-aperture imaging experiments with two-beam CO2 lasers that provide an artifact-free process, faithful...
positioning
Positioning generally refers to the determination or identification of the location or placement of an object, person, or...
augmented reality
Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital information, typically in the form of computer-generated...
flow cytometry
Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...
artificial star
A point source of light used for the test and evaluation of image quality. May be a backlit pinhole in an otherwise opaque...
optical design and engineering services
Optical design and engineering services involve the development, customization, and optimization of optical systems and...
cavity dumping
A Q-switch method that can result in extreme pulse shortening.
freeform optics
Freeform optics refers to the design and fabrication of optical surfaces that do not follow traditional symmetric shapes,...
laser tweezers
A technique based on the principles of laser trapping and used to manipulate the position of small particles by gradually...
holography
Holography is a technique used to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images using the principles of interference and...
homojunction
A junction between semiconductors that differ in their doping level conductivities but not in their atomic or alloy...
camera shutter
An apparatus, designed for use with a camera, that is used to rapidly open the path from lens to film, to maintain the...
infrared detector
An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...
optical table
An optical table, also known as an optical bench or an optical breadboard, is a specialized platform used in optics...
diode-pumped solid-state laser
A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...
quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method of secure communication that utilizes principles from quantum mechanics to...
hyperspectral imaging camera
A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...
bakeout
The elimination of gases from the surfaces of a vacuum system by heating the surfaces when the pumping phase is occurring.
qubit
A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information...
infrared lens
An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...
soliton laser
A color center laser whose output is coupled to an external control laser cavity and then fed back to the main laser cavity...
modified chemical vapor deposition
Modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) is a technique used in the fabrication of optical fibers. It is a specialized form...
hyperfine splitting
The splitting of an element's spectral line as the result of the interactions between the electron spin and the spins of...
pseudohologram
Coded image obtained optically with a nonredundant pinhole array imaging aperture.
Wiener experiment
After putting a thick photographic emulsion on a front-faced mirror, and exposing the emulsion to monochromatic incident...
femtosecond laser
A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...
microRNA
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, single-stranded RNA molecules, typically consisting of about 19 to 24 nucleotides,...
nuclear magnetic resonance
A phenomenon, exploited for medical imaging, in which the nuclei of material placed in a strong magnetic field will absorb...
photolithography
Photolithography is a key process in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and...
nonspectral color
A color whose hue is not produced by a single wavelength in the visible spectrum, but is instead produced by mixing the...
laser optics
Laser optics refers to a broad category of optical components and systems designed for manipulating and controlling laser...
grinding and polishing machinery
Machinery used to grind and finish a component, such as a lens or prism, to a desired precision. Usually such machines carry...
mandrel wrap test
A means of testing optical fiber for macrobending losses by wrapping the fiber once at very low tension around a mandrel,...
Billet's split lens
An experimental lens used to produce interference fringes. A positive lens is cut into halves along its center, and the...
electron multiplication charge-coupled device camera
An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...
pushbroom scanning
Pushbroom scanning is a technique used in remote sensing and imaging systems, particularly in satellite and aerial sensors,...
pulse shaping
The use of variations in the power supplied to a laser to change the shape of the output pulse. The technique is used in...
gram negative
Gram-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that possess a cell envelope composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan...
chipping
 chopping frequency
GRIN lens
A GRIN (gradient index) lens is a type of optical lens that utilizes a gradient in refractive index across its volume rather...
emery
A natural abrasive, produced from corundum in grades ranging from rough to fine, used in the grinding and lapping of glass.
pumping band
A group of energy levels to which ions in the ground state are initially excited when pumping radiation is applied to a...
transversely excited atmosphere carbon dioxide laser
Abbreviated TEA CO2 laser. A gas laser that provides shorter pulses and higher peak powers than conventional CO2 lasers. The...
primary fluorescence
Fluorescence produced as a result of the intrinsic property of the material itself or the doping of the material with trace...
histochemical staining
Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...
FMCW lidar
FMCW lidar stands for frequency-modulated continuous wave lidar. It is a type of lidar (light detection and ranging)...
swept-source laser
A swept-source laser, also known as a wavelength-swept laser, is a type of laser that rapidly and continuously changes its...
Langmuir-Blodgett technique
A method of depositing crystalline films one molecular layer at a time, by dipping the substrate into water containing a...
mandrel
A shaft, spindle or any object generally passed through a workpiece to hold, support or shape a particular piece during its...
rotating hologram
A disc composed of a series of holographic optical elements that diffract light at various angles. When spinning, a raster...
Nd:YAG laser
Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...
optical coherence tomography
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique used in medical and scientific fields to capture...
simultaneous location and mapping
Technology that uses data from an array of sensors, one of which is commonly lidar, to solve the problem of creating a map...
excited-state absorption
In laser pumping, parasitic absorption that occurs at certain wavelengths, decreasing pump efficiency and gain.
fiber-based confocal luminescence microscope
A microscope in which laser light is delivered through single-mode fibers that replace the pinhole usually used in confocal...
photon jet
A photon jet is a narrow, highly collimated beam of light that is formed when light interacts with small dielectric...
pinhole eyepiece
A type of eyepiece, or the modification of an eyepiece, in which a small hole, without a lens, functions as the eye lens;...
wafer
In the context of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing, a wafer refers to a thin, flat disk or substrate made of a...
simultaneous exposure and development
The process, used with a positive photoresist, in which the photoresist is immersed in developing chemicals while being...
conjugate autofocus system
A system that determines whether an image is in or out of focus by means of a source of illumination at the conjugate focal...
bit mapping
In computer graphics, the assignment of each pixel on a display screen to its own switch in the computer memory.
atomic clock
An atomic clock is a highly precise timekeeping device that uses the vibrations or oscillations of atoms as a reference for...
pixel binning
Pixel binning, also known as pixel merging or pixel combining, is a technique used in digital imaging and camera technology....
infrared camera
An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...
bandgap
In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....
magnetorheological finishing
Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a precision optics polishing technique used for shaping and finishing optical surfaces...
spin-spin coupling
Reciprocal magnetic interaction between nuclei in a molecular system facilitated by the binding electrons of the molecule.
biometrics
Biometrics refers to the automated recognition of individuals based on their physiological or behavioral characteristics....
phase mask
In optics and photolithography, a phase mask refers to a device that modifies the phase of light waves passing through it....
electron filter lens
An electrostatic device that uses an electric potential barrier to allow the transmittance of electrons at or above a set...
PIN photodiode
A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....
micro-optics
Micro-optics refers to the design, fabrication, and application of optical components and systems at a microscale level....
Weissenberg method
The Weissenberg method, named after the German physicist Karl Weissenberg, is a technique used in x-ray crystallography for...
microwave mapping
The pattern of microwave field intensity that can be obtained by detecting the minute expansion of a microwave absorber slab...
equidensities
1. A contour map of a photographic deposit consisting of lines and curves that join points of equal density. 2. The...
plume
A mixture of ionized gas and metal vapor generated by impingement of the laser beam onto a material being welded or a weld...
chirping
A rapid change, as opposed to a long-term drift, of the emission wavelength of an optical source. Chirping is most often...
negative-refraction metamaterial
An artificial material, engineered to have a negative refractive index value, such that light or any other form of...
freeform mirrors
Freeform mirrors refer to reflective optical components that deviate from traditional symmetric or rotationally symmetric...
microcircuit manufacturing
The formation of transistors, diodes, capacitors, resistors and other electronic elements directly on a flake of silicon by...
photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is a technique used to obtain accurate three-dimensional measurements of objects and environments through the...
beam profiler
A device that measures the spatial distribution of energy perpendicular to the propagation path of a radiant beam. An energy...
pumping radiation
Radiation used to excite an optical or laser material to a higher energy level. See optical pumping.
gyroscope
A gyroscope is a mechanical device consisting of a spinning disk or wheel mounted on a spinning axis in such a way that its...
antifog coating
A coating that is capable of stopping the condensation of moisture on an optical surface.
static beam shaping
A technique for creating optimal performance in a system by producing a specific beam irradiance distribution, usually...
medical lasers
Medical lasers are devices that produce intense beams of light with specific characteristics and properties, which are used...
infrared optic
Infrared optics refer to optical components and systems designed to manipulate and control infrared (IR) light, which lies...
spinthariscope
A device through which scintillations are observed or counted through a magnifying lens system.
focused laser scattering
A single-particle scattering technique in which an incident laser beam is tightly focused by means of lenses to yield a...
scanning tunneling microscope
A high-resolution imaging instrument that can detect and measure the positions of individual atoms on the surface of a...
global optimization
A controlled random search process, such as generalized simulated annealing, that has been incorporated into many optical...
synchronous pumping
The technique of generating ultrashort -- down to subpicosecond -- pulses by pumping a dye laser with mode-locked laser...
GaAlAs laser
A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...
Lorentz oscillator model
The Lorentz oscillator model is a theoretical model used in physics to describe the response of a charged particle (such as...
N-type material
A quadrivalent semiconductor material, with electrons as the majority charge carriers, that is formed by doping with donor...
pathogen
A pathogen is a biological agent, such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or parasite, that causes disease in its...
light fidelity
LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...
optical pumping
The process whereby the number of atoms or atomic systems in a set of energy levels is changed by the absorption of light...
heterojunction
A junction between semiconductors that differ in their doping level conductivities, and also in their atomic or alloy...
photoluminescence mapping
A technique used for noncontact inspection of semiconductor wafers. The material is illuminated by an excitation source that...
Laue pattern
The photographic record of the diffracted beams formed when heterogeneous x-rays emerging from a pinhole or slit impinge...
optically pumped laser
A laser in which stimulated emission is triggered by the absorption by electrons of light from an auxiliary source such as a...
bevel
A chamfer ground on the edge of a lens or prism. Bevels are used to prevent chipping or to achieve a mechanical fit.
multispectral imaging
Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...
stroboscopic interferometry
A pulsed interferometer that permits the continuous quantitative mapping of the surface deformation of an adaptive optical...
quantum-ehanced metrology
Quantum-enhanced metrology refers to the use of quantum mechanics principles and techniques to enhance the precision and...
disc colorimeter
A colorimeter using a spinning disc made of different colored sections for colorimetric analysis.
spatial filter
1. Generally, an emulsion mask having a clean annular region in an otherwise opaque region. It is designed to eliminate...
beam shaper
A beam shaper is an optical device or system designed to modify the spatial profile or intensity distribution of a laser or...
gas laser
One of the first lasers to find practical application. Generally, the pumping mechanism is an electric discharge, although...
pincushion distortion
An aberration of a lens system caused by an increase in lens focal length as the field angle increases. The amount of...
magnon
A magnon is a quasiparticle representing a quantized spin wave in a magnetic material. In other words, it is a collective...
scintillation camera
A pinhole camera used to record a radioactive tracer's distribution in a subject by means of a scintillation counter or a...
q-switched operation
Q-switched operation, or q-switching, is a technique used in lasers to produce short and intense pulses of light. The term...
electron
A charged elementary particle of an atom; the term is most commonly used in reference to the negatively charged particle...
photopumping
The use of light to initiate the lasing process. See optical pumping.
semiconductor
A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...
xenon flashtube
A high-intensity source of incoherent white light in which a capacitor is discharged through a tube of xenon gas; often used...
optical testing instrument
An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...
microlens array
A microlens array is a grid-like structure composed of numerous small lenses, typically arranged in a regular pattern. Each...
chirped-pulse amplification
Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) is a technique used in laser physics to amplify ultrashort laser pulses to high energies...
burnishing
The process of lapping a thin edge of metal over the bevelled edge of a lens to maintain it within its cell.
quantum entanglement
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum mechanics where two or more particles become correlated to such an extent...
deflection focusing
The progressive defocusing of a cathode-ray tube display image that occurs when the deflected electron beam impinges on the...
synchrotron
A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...
spindle
A loose term for a single polishing machine. In a lens factory it is the minimum unit of production.
mode hopping
Mode hopping in the context of lasers refers to a phenomenon where a laser system abruptly switches from one longitudinal...
aplanatic surface
An aplanatic surface is an optical surface that is specifically designed or shaped to minimize spherical aberration and...
spatial light modulator
A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an optical device that modulates or manipulates the amplitude, phase, or polarization of...
diamond-turned optic
Diamond turning refers to a precision machining process used to produce complex optical components, particularly lenses and...
optical manufacturing tools and machinery
Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...
stepper motor
A positioning drive that rotates a fraction of a 360° turn when the motor coils are activated, resulting in linear or...
ospin
Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found primarily in the retinas of vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, as well...
protective bevel
The removal of a sharp edge on an optical element by grinding, to prevent accidental chipping of that edge during subsequent...
photodiode
A two-electrode, radiation-sensitive junction formed in a semiconductor material in which the reverse current varies with...
automatic optical inspection
A system for automatic industrial process control or measurement, consisting of an optical module for image acquisition, a...
custom lapping and polishing services
Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...
electron trapping optical memory
A method of erasable optical data storage in which information is stored by visible light, then read by illumination with an...
Doppler-spread imaging
An imaging process, similar to specific Doppler mapping radar techniques, that utilizes a laser, an optical imaging system,...
remote sensing
Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...
multiphase pinned operation
A method of reducing dark current in charge-coupled devices by holding all the clocks at negative voltage during the...
double refraction
The separation of unpolarized light into two plane-polarized elements by a doubly refracting crystal. When a crystal, such...
photometry
Photometry is the branch of science that deals with the measurement of light, particularly in terms of its intensity and the...
lidar
Lidar, short for light detection and ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances and...
longitudinal pumping
A dye laser cell configuration in which the dye flows in the direction of the axis of the laser, yielding symmetrical energy...
flicker noise
Any noise with a power spectral density that is the inverse of the signal's frequency and is therefore most significant for...
light chopping
 STED microscopy
STED microscopy, or stimulated emission depletion microscopy, is a superresolution imaging technique in fluorescence...
torque
A calculated measure of the ability of an incident force to cause an object to spin. The spin speed of any given object is a...
photonics contract manufacturing
Photonics contract manufacturing refers to the outsourcing of the production of photonics-related components, devices, or...
trial sets (ophthalmic)
Sets of lenses (positive, negative and cylindrical) usually mounted in circular rims suitable for slipping into trial...
entrance slit
The entrance slit, also known simply as the slit, is an essential component in optical instruments such as spectrometers and...
laser rangefinder
A laser rangefinder is a device that uses laser technology to measure the distance between the device and a target. It...
triad
In a color cathode-ray tube, a grouping of three color dots (red, blue and green) that represent one pixel in the final...
collinear pumping
A method of exciting a laser by coupling it directly to another laser.
infrared mapping
The process of mapping the infrared emittance of an area through the use of an infrared detector and related scanning...
spin-flip Raman laser
A semiconductor laser that operates in the infrared and that is pumped with strong pulses of radiation from a second laser....
reflective
The term reflective is an adjective that describes the ability of a surface or material to reflect light or other forms of...
photoelectric effect
The emission of an electron from a surface that occurs when a photon impinges upon the surface and is absorbed. This effect...
electrolytic development
Developing a photographic image by means of an applied electric field. The methods used include electrolysis and...
laser ablation
Laser ablation is a process that involves the removal or erosion of material from a target surface using laser energy. This...
meta-optics
Meta-optics, also known as metasurface optics or flat optics, is a branch of optics that involves the design, fabrication,...
photorefractive keratectomy
A surgical procedure for correcting vision by reshaping the outer surface of the cornea through the use of a laser system.
BCS theory
Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity, based on the notion that electrons with opposite momentum and spin...
diode laser
A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....
silicon photodiode
A silicon photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is a type of photodetector...
Ronchi test
More efficient than the Foucault knife-edge test, this test examines curved mirrors by using a transmission grating with 40...
point light source
1. With respect to angular subtense, a source of light, such as a star, that is very small. In a lab, a point source may be...
frequency comb
A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...
far-infrared laser
A laser with output over a wide range of wavelengths spanning the far-infrared region of the spectrum (30 to 1000 µm);...
resonator
A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...
chemical laser
A laser that relies on chemical activity instead of electrical energy to produce the pumping action necessary to form pulses...
Coulomb damping
Conversion of vibratory energy into heat that is observed in the rubbing of two dry surfaces over each other.
precision aperture
An accurately produced hole of any size and shape that is used as a masking device in an optical system. Pinhole apertures...
degreaser
A tank with a boiling solvent at the bottom and a ring of cold piping higher up that condenses the liquid and returns it to...
curvilinear distortion
A lens aberration in which the focal length varies radially outward from the center of the field. It has the effect of...
atomic force microscope
An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a high-resolution imaging and measurement instrument used in nanotechnology, materials...
damping
Continuous conversion of oscillatory energy into heat, relative to time or distance.
impurity level
In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within...
reflectance confocal microscopy
Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for high-resolution, in vivo imaging...
moiré topography
Contour mapping technique that involves positioning a grating close to an object and observing its shadow on the object...
light-emitting diode
An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...
optical tweezers
Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...
machine vision system
A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...
dual inline package
A package for electronic components that is suited for automated assembly into printed circuit boards. The DIP is...
spectral flow cytometry
Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...
bleach (or bleacher)
A chemical used in the developing of positive photographs that incites oxidation and thereby dissolves the negative silver...
metasurfaces
Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength-scale artificial structures, often referred to as meta-atoms or...
electron-beam lithography system
An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...
transverse pumping
The laser pumping that exhibits an advantage over longitudinal pumping in that the threshold pump power density can be...
projection moire topography
A contour mapping technique that involves projection of a grating onto an object to produce a shadow grating that is...
lapping
1. The process of wearing down the surface of a softer material by rubbing it under pressure against the surface of a harder...
aerial mapping
The use of photographs taken from the air to construct graphic maps and charts of ground surfaces.
dye laser
A laser using a dye solution as its active medium. Its output is a short pulse of broad spectral content and its achievable...
germanium crystal
Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...
Zernike's phase contrast method
The introduction of a filter into an imaging system to implement a phase contrast for an intensity mapping of a pure phase...
optical gate
An optical gate typically refers to a device or system that controls the transmission of light, allowing it to pass through...
mode sweeping
A form of laser output noise that is caused by thermal, mechanical, or acoustical disturbances of the cavity length. Mode...
clipping
A defect in an optical system that prevents rays from reaching their intended destination; it can be caused by an undersized...
hair-trigger operation
Triggering a laser at a predetermined time by pumping it to a level just below its threshold and then using an auxiliary...
MSM photodiode
A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...
dropping
The process whereby a blank or disc is heated to a sufficiently high temperature to sag into a mold having a desired...
venetian-blind effect
Short-distance scattering of light in holography caused by random index inhomogeneities and the developing index that...
P-type material
A semiconductor material in which the dopants create holes as the majority charge carrier. It is formed by doping with...
ultrashort-pulse laser
A laser capable of generating light pulses that last only a few femtoseconds. This can be achieved by nonlinear filtering to...
aperture imaging
The formation of an image by a pinhole aperture that transmits radiation, such as gamma radiation.
flowmeter
A flowmeter is a device used to measure the flow rate or quantity of a fluid passing through a particular point in a system....
molded lens
A molded lens is an optical lens manufactured using a molding process, typically involving the shaping of a material, such...
optical clock
An optical clock is a highly precise and advanced timekeeping device that relies on the oscillations of electromagnetic...
volumetric imaging
Volumetric imaging refers to the capture, visualization, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) information from a volume of...
electron-beam film scanning
The method by which photographic film is scanned by an electron beam. One technique uses the uniform light of a television...
SPIN
Acronym for self-aligned polysilicon interconnect N-channel. A metal-gate process that uses aluminum for the metal-oxide...
lens blank
A lens blank is a piece of optical material in a raw, unfinished state, typically in the form of a disk or block, from which...
optical trapping
radiation trapping
That process by which radiation spontaneously emitted by a volume of optical materials is resonantly reabsorbed within the...
Seidel aberrations
Seidel aberrations refer to a set of monochromatic aberrations in optical systems, named after the German mathematician and...
corneal shaping
The mechanical modification of the shape of the cornea to correct a vision defect.
mapping function
In image processing, the mathematical relationships that link pixel brightnesses of input images to those of output images...
topology
Topology is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the properties of space that are preserved under continuous...
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
That branch of spectroscopy that applies to the study of interactions between energy and atomic nuclei. The simultaneous...
optofluidics
Optofluidics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from optics and fluidics to create devices and systems...
biomarker
A biomarker, short for biological marker, refers to a measurable and quantifiable indicator of a biological condition,...
free-space optical interconnect
A type of internal photonic connection in an integrated circuit in which a holographic grating is used to focus light at...
mirror blank
A mirror blank refers to the initial piece of material from which a mirror is made. It is typically a flat or slightly...
modulation frequency
Rate at which optical radiation or a signal is varied through the use of a mechanical or electronic chopper. Also called...
constant linear velocity
Method of disk rotation used for optical disk drives, in which the spindle motor decreases the speed of the disk's rotation...
terahertz
Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...
cylindrical lens
A cylindrical lens is an optical component that has different curvatures along its two orthogonal axes, resulting in a shape...

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