Fixed-pattern noise is the measure of the static (nontemporal) differences between pixels when the detector is evenly illuminated. In microbolometers, this effect is mostly caused by mismatch between active pixels and blind reference pixels and is...

The optical reconstruction of image information contained in a sound field. First the diffraction pattern, formed by an...

A microscope to which a beamsplitter and illuminated reticle have been added that is used to measure contact lenses.

A microscope to which a beamsplitter and illuminated reticle have been added to measure the radius of curvature of a...

Holographic recording whereby the object is illuminated by two pulses, separated by a time interval, from a Q-switched laser...

A self-interference effect that generates random patterns; secondary speckle pattern (SSP) typically occurs in diffuse...

Fine lines, wires or threads used in the focal plane of many optical instruments to point out and locate particular objects...

An optical instrument consisting of a well- corrected objective lens or mirror with a light source and or object/image (i.e....

In optical character recognition, the mechanical or electronic transducer used to detect the level of illumination present...

A glass rhomb that is used in photometry to compare two illuminated surfaces. This is accomplished by the rhomb's angles,...

The term reflective is an adjective that describes the ability of a surface or material to reflect light or other forms of...

Condition in which two stimuli appear to match in color to a specified observer, or in which two objects appear to match in...

An instrument used for viewing in low levels of illumination by means of infrared radiation. A high-aperture lens forms an...

A flanged or plain ring with a restricted aperture, located in an optical system at any of several points, that cuts off...

A CCD that has been reduced in thickness by etching so that light passes through the back layers of the CCD. This type of...

A spectral phenomenon in which the degree of the photoresponse of an illuminated semiconductor is determined by the...

A hologram that is illuminated by a source opposite the viewer.

Nondestructive measurement of the delta and alpha of clad optical fibers that involves interferometry with the fiber...

A term used to describe a nondirectionally diffusing surface that, when illuminated, appears equally bright from all angles....

Brightfield refers to a type of microscopy and imaging technique in which the specimen is illuminated with a white light...

An image that appears when a hologram is illuminated by a suitable light source, generally a laser beam.

Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...

A hologram that is illuminated by a source from the viewer's side.

Also referred to as the opposition surge, the opposition effect is a photometric phenomenon in which a rough retroreflective...

A light-sensitive resistor in which resistance decreases with increase in light intensity when illuminated. The device...

A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...

A technique whereby the sample is illuminated by a hollow cone of light larger than the acceptance angle of the objective,...

The color of an object when it is illuminated by a nonisophotic source.

Ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics to simulate the way light interacts with objects in a scene....

A magnifying lens fitted with a battery-operated lamp by which an object can be conveniently illuminated during observation.

The logarithm of the reciprocal of diffuse transmittance. Diffuse density results when a sample is diffusely illuminated.

The number of separate images exposed by a cine camera in a second or the number illuminated by a cine projector in a...

An instrument for measuring the brightness (luminance) of a scene. It may be a spot meter, covering an area of a degree or...

Technique of projecting an illuminated target at infinity and receiving the target image after reflection from a flat mirror...

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a nondestructive analytical technique used to investigate the optical properties...

A type of camera that incorporates a tiny mirror that oscillates in accordance with incoming signals. An illuminated slit is...

A hologram formed by reconstruction of multicolor wavefronts. The system used to produce the hologram is designed to combine...

A two-stage illuminating system for a microscope in which the source is imaged in the aperture of the substage condenser by...

Photochromic refers to a property exhibited by certain materials, typically organic compounds or dyes, which undergo...

The effect, present in particular phosphors, that is defined as a transformation in the dielectric constant of a material...

Ratio of the directionally reflected flux to that reflected in the same direction by a perfect reflecting diffuser...

A technique used for noncontact inspection of semiconductor wafers. The material is illuminated by an excitation source that...

An imaging device originally created to image whole mouse brain volumes at microscopic resolution. The main component of the...

Characteristic of a surface or object that has luminous flux incident upon it.

Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...

Retroreflection is a phenomenon in optics where light is reflected back toward its source, typically in a direction nearly...

A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than...

A technique proposed for studying the atomic structure of crystals by measuring the interference pattern generated when the...

Wide-field fluorescence microscopy uses either naturally occurring structures or staining with fluorescent tags that are...

The photographic recording of a subject that exhibits luminescence only for an extremely short time (10-8 s) after the...

A device used to take turbidimetric or nephelometric measurements by considering the contrast between a constant brightness...

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

A frame taken with a CCD camera of a surface that is evenly illuminated by diffuse light. This frame shows irregularities in...

Ratio of the luminance of a specimen to that of a perfect reflecting or transmitting diffuser identically illuminated.

Interferometric measurement of the interference pattern recorded when a complex object is illuminated by two laser pulses...

An instrument used to measure the luminance (brightness) of a distant object. The object is viewed through a small...

A fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna (FCPA) is a type of optoelectronic device that combines a photoconductive antenna...

The recording achieved when a surface, illuminated by a signal-controlled light beam, emits electrons or reacts in some...

Holography is a technique used to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images using the principles of interference and...

A scanning technique in which the object is illuminated the entire time, and in which picture elements of the object are...

Refers to a display or screen that is illuminated from behind; the light is transmitted as opposed to reflected.

In optics, a pattern, such as the Buchmann-Meyer pattern, that may be viewed when the record surface is illuminated by a...

A common technique in microscopy, oblique illumination is one in which the object is illuminated by a light source that is...

The spot illuminated on a cathode-ray tube by the initial impact of the scanning ray and the screen.

A specific type of hologram that will transmit a pure plane wave when the hologram is illuminated by the type of wave it is...

A desklike apparatus with an opal glass surface illuminated from beneath by fluorescent tubes. It is equipped with roll...

Spectroscopy used to study the concentration, diffusion and Brownian motion of small particles suspended in a fluid by...