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MBE Dictionary Terms

cascade shower
A shower of cosmic rays whereby a high-energy electron produces one or more photons that convert into electron pairs, the...
vibrational transition
A vibrational transition refers to a change in the vibrational energy of a molecule. Molecules consist of atoms that are...
spectral flow cytometry
Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...
fiber laser
A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...
fluor crown glass
Optical glass that possesses a refractive index equal to or less than 1.5, and an Abbe number that ranges from 62 to about...
finite sampling theorem
A finite version of Shannon's sampling theorem that states that a class of functions can be reconstructed exactly by a...
field repetition rate
The number of fields scanned per second in a television system. The US standard is 60. Also called field frequency.
lambertian source plane
In optics, a plane that emits a flux proportional to the cosine of the angle of the normal; dense opal glass is an example.
horizontal resolution
In television, the number of individual pixels that can be distinguished in a horizontal scanning line; also called...
Kevlar
E.I. duPont's trade name for an aramid yarn used as a strength member in the jacket of fiber optic cable.
bias buildup
Degradation factor in coherent light systems where the amplitude of the recorded signal is decreased as the number of object...
lambert
A unit of luminance equal to 1/p candela per square centimeter. (l).
Bragg's law
The law expressing the condition under which a crystal will reflect a beam of x-rays with the greatest amount of distinction...
CMOS image sensor
A CMOS image sensor, short for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor, is a type of semiconductor device used...
epitaxial equipment
Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...
photomultiplier tube
A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...
photographic sound recorder
A system in which the electrical signal embedded within an audio input signal is converted to a modulated light pattern and...
tetartohedral crystal
The section of crystal symmetry having only one-quarter of the greatest number of faces permitted by the crystal system of...
smart skin
Structural surfaces that incorporate an embedded sensor network capable of detecting flaws within the structure.
carrier injection
Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...
laser cooling
A process and method by which manipulation and orientation of a given number of directed laser beams decreases the motion of...
fan-in
The simultaneous collection of two or more signals at a single location. In a digital computer, it refers to the number of...
complex lens
A lens made up of a number of lens elements arranged into two or more groups.
CCD image sensor
A CCD image sensor, or charge-coupled device image sensor, is a type of electronic device used to convert optical images...
optical figure
The amount by which an optical surface deviates from its ideal design value, expressed in wavelengths of light. Optical...
Lambert's absorption law
Transmittance of a solution, or internal transmittance of a transparent solid, is an exponential function of the thickness...
responsive quantum efficiency
The number of electrons emitted per photon incident upon a photodetector.
Grittington test
A method of determining the abrasion resistance of very hard materials by passing a weighted wiper blade across them in a...
block
A supporting member used to hold optical parts during grinding and polishing. It also describes the assemblage of optical...
near-infrared spectroscopy cerebral oximetry
A monitoring technique used to measure the oxygen saturation levels in the brains of patients, commonly in operating room...
dichroic polarizer
A polarizer that consists of dichroic polarizing material embedded in a plastic sheet, and that transmits light that is...
impedance
Qualitatively, the inverse of the amount of velocity produced by the application of a sinusoidal force to a system;...
perfect diffuser
A surface that obeys Lambert's cosine law and has a reflectance of unity.
closing
In morphological image processing, a series of dilations followed by the same number of erosions.
environmental chamber
A test chamber designed to expose the subject being tested to external conditions, such as heat, shock, pressure and...
f number (f/#)
The expression denoting the ratio of the equivalent focal length of a lens to the diameter of its entrance pupil.
fiber optic imaging bundle
A fiber optic imaging bundle is a specialized optical device composed of multiple optical fibers bundled together. Each...
stacked-diode laser
A type of laser used when a great amount of power is required. Avoiding the bulk of large numbers of optical lenses, this...
Pauli exclusion principle
The number of electrons that can share a principal quantum number by preventing identity between any two electrons' four...
packing density
1. In a photonic interconnect, the number of detectors in a given area. Detectors spaced too closely may give rise to...
residual gas analysis
A measurement in optical thin-film coating processes whereby the gases remaining in the vacuum chamber after coating are...
zone plate
A plate of glass, usually a photograph, on which there is a central spot surrounded by concentric annular zones, alternately...
channel density
The number of channels per unit bandwidth handled by a single optical fiber.
laser marking
Laser marking is a process in which a laser beam is used to mark or engrave a surface by altering its properties or...
frames per second
The number of separate images exposed by a cine camera in a second or the number illuminated by a cine projector in a...
resonator
A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...
evaporation coating
Coating carried out in a sealed chamber evacuated by a mechanical pump in series with an oil diffusion pump to a pressure...
thermoelectric cooling
A refrigeration method based on the Peltier effect. When an electric current passes through a thermocouple of two dissimilar...
hyperspectral imaging camera
A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...
thin-film deposition equipment
Thin-film deposition equipment refers to machinery and tools used in the process of depositing thin layers of material onto...
pulse repetition frequency
Number of pulses emitted per unit of time by a pulsed laser.
curie
Standard maintained by the International Commission on Radiological Units as a unit of radioactivity defined as the quantity...
enclosed arc lamp
An arc lamp whose carbon electrodes are enclosed in a transparent chamber, resulting in an arc that is steadier, lasts...
mixed-signal oscilloscope
A mixed-signal oscilloscope (MSO) is a type of electronic test instrument that combines the capabilities of both a...
alphanumeric display
A luminous display of numbers and the letters of the alphabet.
Avogadro's constant
The number of molecules in one gram mole of a substance, numerically approximated by 6.02 x 1023.
ionization chamber
A closed vessel with electrodes of different potentials that is used to determine how much ionization took place in a gas...
internet of things
The internet of things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects...
galvo-directing mirrors
A system of mirrors that can be used to direct light from a single laser source into any one of a number of separate optical...
isobar
One of a number of nuclides characterized by an identity between their mass numbers, but each having a different atomic...
structural character recognition
An approach to character recognition based on the structure of the character to be identified (number of straight lines,...
lay length
In a fiber optic cable, the longitudinal length required for the transmission media, wrapped around a central member, to...
V-number
 ionization gauge
A type of radiation detector that depends on the ionization produced in a gas by the passage of a charged particle through...
optical bench
A support for optical parts comprising a solid bed that permits precise longitudinal movement of one component relative to...
vertical resolution
In television system specifications, the number of parallel horizontal black and white lines of equal thickness, that can be...
reactive evaporation
Reactive evaporation refers to a process in thin-film deposition where a material is deposited onto a substrate through...
infinity
An unbounded quantity, an indefinitely large number. Infinity is commonly expressed by the symbol ∞.
Fresnel number
In a lens, the square of the radius of its aperture divided by the product of the focal length and the wavelength. It...
diamond cutting tool
A tool made by imbedding small particles of diamond in the working edge. In the optical field, the most commonly used...
optical pumping
The process whereby the number of atoms or atomic systems in a set of energy levels is changed by the absorption of light...
Kell factor
In an interlaced scanning electro-optical system such as television, the system resolution will be less than the number of...
t number
The equivalent f number of a fictitious lens that has a circular opening and 100 percent transmittance, which would give the...
Camera Link HS
Camera Link HS (high speed) is a standard developed for high-speed digital data transmission in machine vision and...
optical barcode reader
An optical barcode reader, commonly known as a barcode scanner, is a device that uses optical technology to capture and...
vacuum ultraviolet detector
A device that serves to detect the presence of vacuum ultraviolet radiation. It may be photographic film, a thermopile, ion...
relative aperture
The ratio of the diameter of the entrance pupil in an optical system to the equivalent focal length of that system. The...
retroreflection
Retroreflection is a phenomenon in optics where light is reflected back toward its source, typically in a direction nearly...
footlambert
Unit of luminance equal to 1/p candela per square foot. (fl).
scientific CMOS camera
A scientific CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera is a type of digital camera specifically designed for...
member
In a lens system, a group of elements considered as an entity; either a front or rear member depending on whether it is...
radix
Total number of characters available to each position of a digital numeric system.
strength member
A strand of aramid yarn, steel or fiberglass in an optical cable intended to prevent bending or stretching that would damage...
qubit
A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information...
multiplexing
The combination of two or more signals for transmission along a single wire, path or carrier. In most optical communication...
flame photometer
Any of a number of instruments that uses a flame to vaporize a solution of the chemical being analyzed so that light may be...
neutron radiography
The nondestructive analysis and recording of industrial components based on the absorption of relatively low-energy neutrons...
regenerative amplifier
A type of multiple-pass amplifier in which no optical leakage is allowed until a finite number of passes has occurred; at...
polymerase chain reaction
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used molecular biology technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA...
spatial resolution
Spatial resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in an image or a spatial dataset. It is a measure of the...
superelastic collision
Observed phenomenon in laser pulses in which a large number of excited electrons are created and in which multiphoton...
damped least squares
An organizational method used in optical design computer programs. The technique produces one number (merit function) to...
Felgett advantage
The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) obtained with a Fourier transform spectrometer when detector noise prevails, which exceeds...
embedded laser
The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...
grating
A framework or latticework having an even arrangement of rods, or any other long narrow objects with interstices between...
detector array
A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....
photon counter
A device used to evaluate the luminance of a surface by determining the number of photons emitted from a sample surface area.
relative brightness
A figure of merit corresponding to the amount of light seen by a viewer through binoculars. A higher number indicates a...
full-well capacity
The number of electrons that each pixel of a charge-coupled device can hold without overflowing and causing blooming.
microbubble resonator
A microbubble resonator is a device used in photonics and optical physics for the precise manipulation of light waves. It...
spotted tool
A metal tool used to hold a number of lens blanks during grinding and polishing.
getter
In vacuum deposition, a device that removes contaminants from the vacuum chamber.
alignment telescope
An optical tooling instrument consisting of an objective lens, a focusing lens, an optical micrometer, a reticle and an...
counting chamber
In microscopy, the chamber that is contained on a microscope slide to hold a certain amount of fluid. It is calibrated...
crimp sleeve
A crimped metal cylinder that holds the connector to the cable through the cable's strength member.
dielectric constant
A number that indicates the magnitude of the shift in a solid of positive and negative charges in opposite directions when a...
opal glass
A material consisting of very small colorless particles imbedded in a clear glass matrix. It is available in two forms:...
degrees of freedom
The number of unique ways in which a part can move in an alignment system. In static alignment, there are six: one in the...
Deslandres diagram
A diagram in which the variable frequencies of a spectral band system are plotted corresponding to ascending values of the...
bubble chamber
A large tank filled with liquid hydrogen, with a flat window at one end and complex optical devices for observing and...
optical bistability
The phenomenon that can render an optical resonator the equivalent of a semiconductor flip-flop. A bistable device will...
abridged spectrophotometer
An instrument that uses optical filtration in order to measure the transmittance for a discrete range or specific number of...
backstreaming
The term used in reference to vacuum systems using oil and diffusion pumps, describes the migration of pump fluids and their...
Rockwell hardness
Rockwell hardness (Rc) refers to a method for measuring the hardness of a material, primarily metals, using an indentation...
lambertian emitter
An optical source that has a luminous distribution that is uniform for all directions.
imbedding material
A thermoplastic or thermosetting material used to hold an object fixed and keep it from deterioration. In microcircuitry,...
luminance meter
A type of photometer calibrated in luminance units (candles per square unit, or lamberts). In photography an exposure meter...
time-correlated single photon counting
Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...
contention rate
The maximum number of users who are using a given communication channel. Typically, the number of users at any given time is...
spot diagram
A method of evaluating image quality whereby a large number of rays are traced through a lens from a single object point,...
parity
In data transmission, a self-checking code using a separate bit (the parity bit) to assure that all bytes of transmitted...
shot noise
Noise generated by the random variations in the number and velocity of the electrons from an emitter.
gain
Also known as amplification. 1. The increase in a signal that is transmitted from one point to another through an amplifier....
ambient noise
The all-encompassing noise associated with a given environment, usually being a composite of a number of sources, far and...
multifiber cable
Fiber optic cable bearing many fibers independently sheathed and capable of carrying unrelated signals. They often surround...
dember effect
Fermat's principle
The principle that a light ray extending from one point to another will, after any number of reflections and refractions,...
single-photon avalanche diode
A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...
neutron drip line
Prediction based on observations of nuclear masses in the valley of stability that indicates the maximum number of electrons...
Nusselt number
Expression of the nondimensional coefficient of the heat transfer in a convection process.
multispectral imaging
Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...
optical character reader
A photosensitive device used to optically scan and read character data (numbers, letters etc.) and input this data into a...
single-walled carbon nanotubes
Referred to as SWCNTs, these cylindrical nanostructures composed of a folded sheet of graphene can be used as near-infrared...
ionization spectrometer
Also known as the Bragg spectrometer. A system used for the x-ray analysis of crystal structure. In the instrument, a...
diffuse modulation transfer function
Modulation transfer function of an optical element when used for transporting images from a lambertian source such as...
Lambert's cosine law
Flux per unit solid angle leaving a surface in any direction is proportional to the cosine of the angle between that...
Prandtl number
Ratio of the molecular diffusion coefficients of momentum in terms of heat; used in convection studies.
unstable resonator
A resonator often used for mode control in Fresnel number laser cavities that is highly vulnerable to extremely weak...
star coupler
A passive coupler that distributes signals from one or several inputs among a larger number of output waveguides arranged...
lapping
1. The process of wearing down the surface of a softer material by rubbing it under pressure against the surface of a harder...
Beer-Lambert law
Combination of Beer's and Lambert's (absorption) laws.
vacuum chamber
A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...
chemical vapor deposition equipment
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...
embedded vision
Embedded vision refers to the integration of computer vision technologies into various embedded systems, devices, or...
optogenetic defibrillation
An optogenetic technique that embeds genetically-engineered proteins to the heart to aid in terminating arrhythmias. After...
terahertz spectrometer
A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...
Boltzmann's constant
A constant equal to the universal gas constant divided by the Avogadro number. It is approximately equal to 1.38 x 10-23 J/K...
digital signal processing
Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical...
electron
A charged elementary particle of an atom; the term is most commonly used in reference to the negatively charged particle...
Paschen series
An array of lines in the infrared region of the emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen. Their wave numbers are expressed by...
photodetector
A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...
modified chemical vapor deposition
Modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) is a technique used in the fabrication of optical fibers. It is a specialized form...
microchannel plate
A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...
contact blocking
Also called color blocking. The formation of a block by making optical contact between a number of optical elements and a...
Bose-Einstein condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...
four-level laser
A solid-state laser consisting of active atoms or ions of a transition metal, rare-earth metal or actinide, imbedded in a...
ion-beam sputtering
Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...
Rydberg atom
The term "Rydberg atom" refers to an atom in a highly excited state where one or more of its electrons are in a Rydberg...
gallium arsenide phosphide
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...
axial propagation constant
The propagation constant evaluated along the axis of a waveguide, that is, in the direction of transmission. Also called...
effective f number
For a lens with an obscured or noncircular aperture, the focal length divided by the effective aperture.
lens speed
Also known as f number, lens speed is commonly represented as the ratio of the focal length to the diameter of the lens....
liquid crystal light valve
A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...
cathode-ray tube faceplate
A fiber optic end plate constructed by drawing a bundle of parallel fibers embedded in glass and cutting it into thin...
lambertian
Obeying Lambert's cosine law.
lab-on-a-chip
A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...
Marx generator
High-voltage, fast-discharge circuit named after its inventor, Erwin Marx. Its capacitors are charged in parallel and...
fan-out
The distribution of one signal to more than one location. In a digital computer, it refers to the number of outputs that can...
immersion liquid
Term synonymous with refractive index liquid, but related more to tank or chamber immersion of crystals, fibers, lenses,...
bubble chamber optics
Specially designed optics for the observation and photographing of hydrogen in a bubble chamber.
lens blank
A lens blank is a piece of optical material in a raw, unfinished state, typically in the form of a disk or block, from which...
lock-in amplifier
A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...
lens testing equipment
Lens testing equipment refers to a range of specialized tools and instruments used to evaluate the optical performance,...
cross section
Calculation of the probability of an interaction between two types of particles, such as light absorption, excitation or...
Grashof number
Formula used in convection study to express the ratio of buoyant force to viscous force.
microheterogeneous systems
Extremely small organic and inorganic systems of molecules within a substance. In general, systems are colloidal size in...
atomic absorption spectroscopy
The analysis of the atomic structure of a sample by means of a source radiation that is absorbed and emitted by the sample...
contextual analysis
In optical character recognition systems, the identification of a character facilitated by means of known factors governing...
x-ray detection
The collection and detection of x-rays by virtue of their ionizing properties. The ionization may be perceived directly by a...
histogram
A graphic representation of a distribution function such as frequency by means of rectangles whose widths represent the...
coherent fiber bundle
A coherent fiber bundle (CFB), also known as a coherent fiber optic bundle, is an assembly of multiple optical fibers...
instantaneous field of view
Instantaneous field of view (iFOV) is a term commonly used in the context of remote sensing, imaging systems, and optical...
knife-edge scanning microscope
An imaging device originally created to image whole mouse brain volumes at microscopic resolution. The main component of the...
cold atom
Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...
error function
A single number, defined by the computer program or the user that expresses the performance of an optical system. Also known...
radioactive tracer
A radioactive element that is placed or injected into a system to obtain an autoradiogram of the system. It is used in a...
quantizer
A device with a limited number of possible output values (sometimes able to be selected) that can translate an incoming...
optical noise
Optical noise refers to undesirable fluctuations or disturbances in an optical signal that can affect the quality or...
frame frequency
The number of times per second that the frame of a television system is completely scanned. In the United States, 30 per...
diffraction grating
A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel...
mode volume
The number of bound modes that an optical waveguide is capable of supporting.
diffusion pump
A vacuum pump in which heated oil or another substance is forced through jets as a vapor that collides with gas molecules...
laser-induced cut and patch
A process used in the design, repair and customization of integrated circuits. A low-power laser etches a silicon wafer...
filter wheel
A device that holds a number of filters and allows the filter with the desired characteristics to be rotated into an optical...
addressability
In display technology, an expression of resolution given by the number of pixels in both the horizontal and the vertical...
replicated optics
Optical components, usually reflectors, produced using proprietary techniques that transfer the precision of a master to a...
resolution target
A chart on paper or glass containing a series of sets of lines at progressively smaller spacing and used to ascertain the...
aqueous humor
The transparent fluid that fills the portion of the eye between the cornea and the eye lens (the anterior chamber).
filovirus
Filoviruses are a family of viruses that are responsible for severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and...
pixel
A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...
image intensifier
An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...
normalized frequency
Also referred to as the V number in fiber optics; the normalized frequency is a dimensionless quantity, denoted by the...
opening
In morphological image processing, a series of erosions followed by the same number of dilations.
cathode radiant sensitivity
Cathode radiant sensitivity refers to the ability of a photocathode to convert incident radiant energy, typically in the...
lenticular
An array or mosaic of optical surfaces. May be a number of lenses closely packed to form multiple images or many parallel...
byte
The number of bits used to represent a character.
centrifuge
A rotating chamber that can be spun at different speeds to generate great radial forces used to simulate different gravity...
lambertian surface
A perfectly diffusing surface; the intensity of the light emanating in a given direction from any small surface component is...
exposure meter
An instrument used to measure the light from a scene to be photographed and to indicate the camera lens and shutter settings...
integrated laser
A type of laser for which a large number of the components can be fabricated in or upon a single substrate.
actinide
Any of a series of radioactive elements with atomic numbers ranging from 89 to 103.
activity
1. Synonymous with radioactivity. The intensity of a radioactive source illustrated as the number of atoms disintegrating in...
digital camera
A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...
bit error rate
The ratio of the number of bits received incorrectly to the total number of bits transmitted digitally in a system.
radioactivity detector
An instrument used to detect radioactive materials: alpha particles or helium nuclei; beta particles or free electrons; and...
lens barrel
The mechanical structure that holds a number of individual lens elements.
air bearing
A support device in which a column or chamber of air permits the free travel of a mobile part. In optical mounting and...
sputtering target
A sputtering target is a solid material used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....
sputtering equipment
Sputtering equipment is machinery used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....
laser diode array
A group of single emitter laser diodes, usually arranged vertically or horizontally with respect to each other. The power...
single instruction/multiple data
A computer architecture used in parallel processing whereby the processing elements are directed by a single, central...
Golay cell
A thermal radiation detector consisting of a small cell with a blackened plastic front face that bulges slightly when heat...
high-pressure cloud chamber
A cloud chamber designed to maintain the gas within it at a high pressure as a means of reducing the range of the...
bubble chamber photography
The photographic recording of gas bubbles produced when particles traverse liquid hydrogen in a bubble chamber.
evaporagraph
A sensor generally used for infrared imaging. It consists of two chambers separated by a thin, blackened membrane. An...
aspheric lens
An aspheric lens is a type of lens whose surface profiles deviate from the traditional spherical shape. Unlike spherical...
wave number
The frequency of a wave divided by its velocity of propagation; the reciprocal of the wavelength.
quantum efficiency
Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of...
fiber optic cable
A package for an optical fiber or fibers that may include cladding, buffering, strength members and an outer jacket.
blur circle
A blur circle refers to the out-of-focus region in an image captured by an optical system. When an object in a scene is not...
brightness resolution
The degree to which a pixel in a digital image represents the analog brightness of the corresponding point in the original...
platonic solid
Geometrical partition possible with a sphere that can be four, six, eight, 12 or 20 solid-angle wedges. Each platonic mass...
fluorescence decay system
A device, also called a fluorescence lifetime instrument, that measures decay curves of fluorescing samples. It generally...
narrowband pyrometer
An optical pyrometer that is equipped with a narrow bandpass filter to transmit a limited number of wavelengths to the...
vitreous humor
The transparent fluid that fills the portion of the eye between the eye lens and the retina (the posterior chamber).
spectrometer mask
A high-contrast transparency of the gas sought, or an array of exit slits that correlates with some features of the...
video scan converter
A device that changes the number of lines per frame of a video image to adapt to a lower resolution format, either by...
television line number
The value equal to the raster height divided by the half-period of a periodic test pattern.
video graphics array
A display standard no longer in use and originally defined for IBM PCs, with 640 3 480 pixels in 16 colors and a 4:3 aspect...
Jacquinot advantage
The higher throughput obtained with an FTIR device compared with traditional spectrometers that need slits to achieve...
nodal testing
The measurement of first- and higher order properties of a lens and its formed image, including effective focal length, back...
epitaxial deposition
Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...
extreme ultraviolet
Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) refers to a specific range of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum....
frequency
With reference to electromagnetic radiation, the number of crests of waves that pass a fixed point in a given unit of time,...

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