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intensity Dictionary Terms

null process
Commonly performed in spectroscopy, the optical null process is a method for radiation detection whereby physical detectors...
actinometer
A device that measures the intensity of photochemically active radiation, particularly from the sun. One form of this...
halogen lamp
A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...
responsivity
The gain that occurs between light intensity incident on a CCD given by the photocurrent produced.
holographic tomography
Holographic tomography is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and tomography to provide three-dimensional...
entrance slit
The entrance slit, also known simply as the slit, is an essential component in optical instruments such as spectrometers and...
radiac
An acronym for radioactive detection, identification and computation. The term refers to the detection and measurement of...
objective grating
A coarse diffraction grating that is used to form a scale of intensities to determine the relative magnitudes of stars. The...
spatial intensity perturbation
A beam instability, induced by index of refraction inhomogeneities and component damage of dirt and dust particles, that...
function generator
A computer hardware unit that generates required functional information on the screen by controlling CRT beam movements or...
candela
SI unit of luminous intensity. It is defined as one sixtieth the normal intensity of one square centimeter of a blackbody at...
light adaptation
The ability of the human eye to adjust itself to an alteration in the intensity of light.
wedge photometer
A photometer that uses a wedge, marked to show its reduction of flux density, to make two light sources equal in intensity...
Q-switched pulse
A laser output that occurs when the cavity resonator Q is first kept very low, using rotating mirrors or saturable...
Goldberg wedge
A neutral-colored gelatin wedge, cast between glass plates, that is used as an intensity scale in certain types of...
photoelectric relay
A relay that opens or closes an electrical circuit depending on the intensity of the light incident to a photoelectric...
stroke pattern
The pattern formed by a character generation cathode-ray tube system, in which the characters are composed of a sequence of...
intensity modulation
The process in which the electron beam of a cathode-ray tube varies in intensity in accordance with the magnitude of the...
stereocomparator
1. A stereoscope that has adjustable scales to allow the determination of distances and dimensions from stereoscopic...
stacked-diode laser
A type of laser used when a great amount of power is required. Avoiding the bulk of large numbers of optical lenses, this...
photoelectric photometer
Also known as electronic photometer. A photometer with a photocell, phototransistor or phototube for measuring the intensity...
q-switched operation
Q-switched operation, or q-switching, is a technique used in lasers to produce short and intense pulses of light. The term...
hyperspectral resolution
Hyperspectral resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in the spectral information captured by a...
reflective spectroscopy
Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of...
etaloning
Etaloning is an optical phenomenon that occurs in imaging systems, particularly in devices such as spectrometers,...
uniphase interference
In interferometry, the result of superimposing two wavefronts of identical shape, yielding a uniform intensity interference...
diode-pumped solid-state laser
A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...
Kerr effect
The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where...
Z-scan
A technique for determining the nonlinear optical properties of a sample material by moving the sample through a focused...
ratiometry
Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to...
Waidner-Burgess standard
A standard of luminous intensity evaluated as the luminous intensity of 1 cm2 of a blackbody at the melting point of...
time-correlated single photon counting
Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...
direct-view storage tube
A cathode-ray tube in which secondary emission electrons form a display of high intensity.
optical density
A measure of the transmittance through an optical medium. Optical density equals the log to the base 10 of the reciprocal of...
coded disc
A reticle carrying patterns of various forms that can be rotated in an optical beam to cause variations in the intensity of...
laser diode module
A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...
second-order nonlinear optical properties
Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...
phase-only filter
A type of matched filter that responds only to the phase of incoming light; the output has a much greater intensity than...
scintillation
1. The variation in intensity of a light beam as it travels through the atmosphere. 2. In radiation physics, a light flash...
single-photon-decay spectroscopy
A technique for observing the decay of light emissions from sources following their pulsed excitations, based on recording...
solar constant of radiation
Solar radiation intensity existing in free space at the mean solar distance of the Earth. Commonly expressed in g cal...
microwave mapping
The pattern of microwave field intensity that can be obtained by detecting the minute expansion of a microwave absorber slab...
carbon arc
An electric discharge between two carbon rods that are touched together to start the arc and then separated slightly. The...
edge-defined film-fed growth
Process for growth of solar cells that results in rectangular shapes consisting of many interconnected cells in a series or...
photoemissive detector
An electronic tube instrument in which the anode current varies with the intensity of light incident on the cathode.
laser detector
Device that operates by interaction of incident radiation with semiconductor based material in order to produce an...
flicker photometer
A bench photometer that depends on the inability of the eye to distinguish color in brief flashes of light. Any difference...
acousto-optic modulators and deflectors
An acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is a device that utilizes the interaction between sound waves and light waves to modulate...
reflectivity
The ratio of the intensity of the total radiation reflected from a surface to the total incident on that surface.
ellipticity
The quality of asymmetrical intensity distribution in a laser beam, as opposed to a circular distribution.
emission of sky
Thermal emission caused by the unity in absorption bands that must be discriminated when calculating radiation intensity of...
laser active elements
Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...
diffuser
An optical diffuser is an optical component or material designed to scatter or diffuse light that passes through it. It is...
optical testing instrument
An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...
extinction
1. The near total absorption of plane-polarized light by a polarizer that has an axis perpendicular to the plane of...
light amplifier
A device that serves to emit light of the same wavelength as the input light, only with an increase in intensity. It may be...
blackbody simulator
A source that attempts to create the characteristics of an ideal blackbody. It consists of a cavity, generally spherical,...
laser surgery
Laser surgery refers to a medical procedure in which a laser, or focused beam of light, is used as a precision tool to cut,...
speckle pattern
A power intensity pattern produced by the mutual interference of partially coherent beams that are subject to minute...
laser optics
Laser optics refers to a broad category of optical components and systems designed for manipulating and controlling laser...
spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the intensity of light at various wavelengths in the...
supercontinuum
Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...
Ruticon
A ruticon is an opto-electronic device in which light going through it can be modulated by an electric field. The...
isophote
A curve or surface having equivalent light intensity.
optical filter
An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...
charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a type of electronic image sensor used in various imaging devices, including digital...
gradient vector
In an image, the orientation and magnitude of the rate of change in intensity at any point.
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...
neutral density filter
A light filter that equally decreases the intensity of all wavelengths of light without altering the relative spectral...
Kerr soliton
A Kerr soliton refers to a specific type of soliton, a self-reinforcing wave packet, that arises in nonlinear optical...
molecular motor
A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...
colorimetric photometer
A photometer that uses a set of color filters to measure the intensity of light in various regions of the spectrum.
Fresnel lens
A Fresnel lens is a type of optical lens that consists of a series of concentric grooves or steps carved into a flat, thin...
antibleaching
Characteristic of an absorber in the IR region, whereby absorption increases as a direct function of the intensity of the...
remote sensing
Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...
free-electron laser
A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...
optical Fourier transform
The optical Fourier transform is a mathematical operation applied to optical signals that involves transforming a spatial...
optoelectronics
Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...
gradient
In image processing and machine vision, the rate of change of pixel intensity.
radiation pyrometer
Also known as radiation thermometer. A pyrometer in which the radiant intensity from the source to be measured is used to...
mean spherical luminous intensity
The average luminous intensity of a point light source measured over all directions.
peak spectral emission
The wavelength at which a lamp radiates its highest intensity.
atomic absorption spectrometer
An atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) is an analytical instrument used to determine the concentration of specific chemical...
photodetector
A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...
intensity-modulated sensor
A type of fiber optic sensor that responds to a change in the intensity of received light caused by the displacement or...
fluence
Fluence is a term used in various scientific and technical disciplines to describe the amount of something per unit area....
photoplethysmography
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical technique used to detect changes in blood volume in tissues. It...
spectral bandwidth
The wavelength interval in which radiant intensity is at least 50 percent of the maximum spectral value.
mode-locked lasers
Mode-locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of picoseconds,...
distance-luminosity relationship
In astronomy, the relation that states that the intensity of a star's visible radiation is inversely proportional to the...
thresholding
The process of defining a specific intensity level for determining which of two values will be assigned to each pixel in...
field pattern
Intensity of emission as a function of direction in a given plane.
luminous intensity
Luminous flux emitted by a source in a given range of directions; the unit of measure is the lumen/steradian, now known as...
intensified charge-coupled device camera
An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...
Gaussian profile
An intensity distribution (intensity as a function of radial distance from the beam center) which is given by the Gaussian...
radial distribution method
A statistical analysis of facts obtained when the intensity of x-ray diffraction is calculated at different angles. In this...
photometric
Pertaining to the measurement of the intensity of light.
liquid crystal light valve
A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...
linear image sensor
A linear image sensor is a type of solid-state electronic device used to capture and convert light into electrical signals....
Taylor criterion
States that in interferometers in which the separation of the maxima is equal to the half-value width, a slight drop in...
Z-axis modulation
The intensity regulation of a cathode-ray tube by alteration of the grid-cathode voltage.
near-infrared spectroscopy cerebral oximetry
A monitoring technique used to measure the oxygen saturation levels in the brains of patients, commonly in operating room...
CMOS image sensor
A CMOS image sensor, short for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor, is a type of semiconductor device used...
nonlinear optical materials
Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...
flux concentration
The intensity of radiation transmitted to a receiver.
absorption peak
An absorption peak refers to a sharp increase or spike in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a particular...
MSM photodiode
A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...
infrared thermistor
A thermistor that uses a semiconductor that is sensitive to infrared radiation to measure the radiation's intensity.
enhanced spectral line
The line from a spark or other very hot source that has greater intensity than that of a line produced by an arc or flame...
destructive interference
The interaction of superimposed light from two separate sources that results in a combined intensity that is less than the...
split-image microscope
A mask-alignment microscope used to produce and inspect microcircuits in the electronics industry. It provides flat-field,...
microphotometry
The measurement of the intensity of spectral lines by the examination of a very small area under a microscope and the...
background luminance
The intensity of the light in the scene behind an object being viewed.
wedge ring detector
A diffraction pattern sampling unit composed of a 32-element monolithic silicon photodiode array and a readout unit. The...
xenon flashtube
A high-intensity source of incoherent white light in which a capacitor is discharged through a tube of xenon gas; often used...
sine wave testing chart
A test chart whose luminance changes uniformly in one direction according to a sinusoidal rule. These charts carry groups of...
quantum dot light-emitting diode
Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...
silver-disc pyrheliometer
An instrument that uses a blackened silver-disc reflector with a shutter to create temperature fluctuations that are...
Malus's law
A law that uses the square of the cosine between the plane of polarization of a beam of plane-polarized light and the plane...
solar radiation
Radiation from the sun that is made up of a very wide range of wavelengths, from the long infrared to the short ultraviolet...
diffraction grating
A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel...
activity
1. Synonymous with radioactivity. The intensity of a radioactive source illustrated as the number of atoms disintegrating in...
point cloud
A point cloud is a set of data points in a three-dimensional coordinate system, where each point represents a specific...
harmonic generation
Harmonic generation refers to a nonlinear optical process in which incoming photons interact with a material and produce new...
phase mask
In optics and photolithography, a phase mask refers to a device that modifies the phase of light waves passing through it....
aperture diaphragm
The second adjustable iris diaphragm in an optical system. In the common microscope condenser system, it usually is located...
contrast control
With respect to television, a potentiometer that allows variation of the intensity of the different elements of an image and...
Rayleigh scattering
Rayleigh scattering is a phenomenon that occurs when light waves interact with particles or molecules that are much smaller...
stimulated emission
Radiation similar in origin to spontaneous emission but determined by the presence of other radiation having the same...
dimmer
An electric or electronic device that regulates the voltage going to a light source as a means of varying the intensity of...
flying spot scanner
A device used to scan, with a small, intensely bright spot, portions of a picture surface and to transform the original...
transversely excited atmosphere carbon dioxide laser
Abbreviated TEA CO2 laser. A gas laser that provides shorter pulses and higher peak powers than conventional CO2 lasers. The...
Poynting vector
In remote sensing technology, this represents the intensity of energy flow in the direction of wave propagation.
xenon
A rare gas used in small high-pressure arc lamps to produce a high-intensity source of light closely resembling the color...
chirped-pulse amplification
Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) is a technique used in laser physics to amplify ultrashort laser pulses to high energies...
Polarization Imaging
A subsurface imaging technique based upon the polarization of light reflected off an object. The polarization of reflected...
lumen
A lumen is a unit of measurement used to quantify the amount of luminous flux, which is the perceived power of light. In...
beam profiling
Beam profiling is a technique used to characterize and analyze the spatial intensity distribution of a laser beam. It...
laser
A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...
optical tweezers
Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...
active-matrix OLED display
An OLED display that has an integrated electronic backplane as its substrate. Active-matrix OLED displays use at least two...
multichannel direct-reading spectrometer
An instrument that contains a spectrograph with a grating in which an array of slits, in place of a photographic plate, is...
near-field scanning optical microscope
A scanning probe microscope that analyzes the surface of a specimen by recording the intensity of light as it is focused...
absorptance
The ratio of energy or intensity absorbed by the medium (numerator) to the total incident energy.
blinking
Intentionally alternating the intensity of a display element in a graphic display device.
blackbody source
A blackbody source, often simply referred to as a blackbody, is a theoretical or practical physical object that absorbs all...
Stokes parameters
The parameters, relative to polarized light and the Poincaré sphere, that are usually represented as: I, the intensity of...
self-phase modulation
Self-phase modulation (SPM) is a nonlinear optical phenomenon that occurs when an intense laser beam passes through a...
comparison lamp
A reference incandescent light source having a luminous intensity that is used in photometry for comparison of other light...
intensity
Flux per unit solid angle.
electro-optic modulator
An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a device used to modulate the amplitude, phase, or polarization of light waves using an...
event-based sensor
An event-based image sensor, also known as a dynamic vision sensor (DVS), is a type of digital imaging device designed to...
laser-induced fluorescence
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves using a laser to excite molecules or atoms,...
double-beam spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer in which the beam emitted by the radiation source is split into beams that travel through the sample and...
phase-contrast microscope
A microscope that has an annular stop in the lower focal plane of the condenser, and a quarter-wave retarding and absorbing...
boxcar averager
An instrument for detecting and analyzing repetitive signals. Using a fixed time delay or "gate," the input signal...
discrimination
The degree to which a vision system is capable of sensing differences in light intensity between two regions.
edge response
Intensity distribution in the image of an edge. The gradient of the edge-response curve is a measure of the image quality of...
CCD camera
A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...
FTIR spectrometer
FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...
functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures changes in hemoglobin...
Dammann grating
A Dammann grating is a type of diffractive optical element (DOE) used to create an array of equally spaced,...
cathode radiant sensitivity
Cathode radiant sensitivity refers to the ability of a photocathode to convert incident radiant energy, typically in the...
nonlinear optics
Nonlinear optics is a branch of optics that studies the optical phenomena that occur when intense light interacts with a...
infrared detector
An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...
antialiasing
In image processing, methods of reducing image defects that result from false data. Techniques include sampling, linear...
degree of coherence
A quantitative measurement of the coherence of a light source; equal to the visibility (V) of the fringes of a two-beam...
data cube
A multidimensional array of values that is commonly used in programming to describe a time series of image data. Each...
electron-gun system
An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...
alphanumeric reader
An instrument that reads alphabetic, numerical and special characters by means of a photosensor that measures the varying...
Zernike's phase contrast method
The introduction of a filter into an imaging system to implement a phase contrast for an intensity mapping of a pure phase...
spectral repeatability
Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or...
spectroscopy
Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...
notch filter
Also referred to as a band-stop or band rejection filter; a notch filter is a filter that is designed to screen out a very...
point spread function
The point spread function (PSF) is a fundamental concept in imaging that describes the response of an imaging system to a...
candlepower
The luminous intensity of a source of light expressed in candelas.
PIN photodiode
A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....
light fidelity
LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...
anomaloscope
An optical instrument that uses a yellow light of varying intensity with red and blue lights of fixed intensity to test for...
fiber optic sensor
A fiber optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to detect and measure physical, chemical, biological, or...
Pockels
In optics, the Pockels effect refers to the phenomenon where the refractive index of a material changes in response to an...
image contrast
Also referred to as image visibility, the contrast of an image is the variation in the intensity of an image formed by an...
second-harmonic generation
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...
photometric equipment
Photocells of various kinds used to measure photometric quantities; i.e., intensity, luminance and illuminance. Meter...
surround
A term that describes both the color and intensity of the immediate environment of the object or image being viewed.
near-infrared spectrometer
A near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the absorption, transmission, or reflection...
optical time-domain reflectometer
An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is a specialized instrument used in optical fiber communications to characterize...
terahertz spectrometer
A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...
aeolight
A glow discharge lamp consisting of a cold cathode and a mixture of inert gases. The intensity of illumination varies with...
optical noise
Optical noise refers to undesirable fluctuations or disturbances in an optical signal that can affect the quality or...
plasma accelerator
A plasma accelerator is a type of particle accelerator that uses electric fields and magnetic fields to accelerate charged...
edge detection
In image processing, the location of edges by employing templates that respond to the first or second derivative of...
mercury arc
An electric arc that is formed in mercury vapor through which an electric current flows. The intensity of the illumination...
chirped-pulse amplification laser
A laser whose pulses are expanded, using gratings and optical fibers, before amplification and compressed to increase beam...
Fresnel reflection
Fresnel reflection refers to the reflection of light at the interface between two different media with different refractive...
laser output
The laser output refers to the generated and emitted light produced by a laser system. This output is characterized by...
two-photon polymerization
Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a technique used in additive manufacturing, specifically in the field of 3D printing. It...
fiber photometry
An optical recording technique that uses light source(s), a beamsplitting cube, light detector(s) and an optical fiber...
spectroradiometer
A spectroradiometer is a device used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths across the electromagnetic...
internal standard
A material that is present or added to a sample undergoing spectroscopic analysis, to serve as an intensity reference for...
scalar diffraction theory
Scalar diffraction theory is a simplified approach used to describe the propagation of electromagnetic waves, particularly...
solar simulator
A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...
diffraction efficiency
Diffraction efficiency is a measure of how effectively a diffractive optical element (DOE) or diffraction grating directs...
facet erosion
The degradation of the facets in a laser diode due to the intensity of radiation.
fiber optic transceiver
A fiber optic transceiver, often simply referred to as an "optical transceiver," is a device used in fiber optic...
beam shaper
A beam shaper is an optical device or system designed to modify the spatial profile or intensity distribution of a laser or...
deuterium discharge lamp
A discharge lamp filled with deuterium to produce high-intensity ultraviolet radiation for use in spectroscopic analysis.
line spectra
Spectra that originate from atoms; they are composed of lines having irregular spacing and intensity.
photobleaching
Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently...
piecewise interferometry
An interferometric technique for the generation of precision gratings that allows for sequential exposure of small segments...
photoelectric photometry
The use of photoelectric sensors to detect and measure the intensity of a light source. This application, as compared to...
bleach (or bleacher)
A chemical used in the developing of positive photographs that incites oxidation and thereby dissolves the negative silver...
blaze height
Blaze height typically refers to a parameter in the context of diffraction gratings, which are optical devices consisting of...
Bunsen-Roscoe law
The law stating that the amount of chemical change produced is proportional to the amount of light absorbed. Actually, the...
image storage panel
A modified form of an image-retaining panel that can be used in subdued daylight. This is achieved by adding a layer of zinc...
linear optics
Linear optics refers to the study and manipulation of light in a linear and deterministic manner, where the response of...
mode beating
In optics, "mode beating" refers to an interference phenomenon that can occur in laser systems with multiple longitudinal...
relative intensity noise
The inherent laser amplitude noise relative to the average optical power produced by the laser; the RIN decreases rapidly as...
intensity interferometer
An interferometer that functions by first detecting the light striking each aperture and then combining the two detector...
radiometer
A device used to measure the intensity of radiant energy.
thermal blooming
The effect that characterizes an intense laser beam that is passed through an absorbing medium, causing the absorbed energy...
mid-wave infrared
MWIR stands for mid-wave infrared, referring to a specific range of wavelengths within the infrared spectrum. Infrared...
sharpness index
A function of the intensity distribution in an image aberrated by a quadratic curvature wavefront distortion.
light field
The term light field refers to the spatial distribution of light rays traveling in all directions through a given space. It...
photomultiplier tube
A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...
international candle
A unit of measurement of luminous intensity based on a physical standard, a set of calibrated carbon filament lamps. The old...
dynamic spectroscopy
A spectroscopic technique used to display the intensity of an optical pulse as functions of time and frequency...
optical bistability
The phenomenon that can render an optical resonator the equivalent of a semiconductor flip-flop. A bistable device will...
fiber optic spectrometer
A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...
hot spot
Term applied to laser technology to denote an area of above-average intensity often attributable to atmospheric...
heliograph
An instrument designed to record the duration and intensity of solar radiation.
photoconductor
A light-sensitive resistor in which resistance decreases with increase in light intensity when illuminated. The device...
reflective
The term reflective is an adjective that describes the ability of a surface or material to reflect light or other forms of...
spectrogrammetric reading equipment
Spectra can be conveniently recorded on photographic film or plates. The portions that are occupied by regions of the...
photometry
Photometry is the branch of science that deals with the measurement of light, particularly in terms of its intensity and the...
active-matrix
An OLED display that has an integrated electronic backplane as its substrate. Active-matrix OLED displays use at least two...
microflash
An extremely short, high intensity electronic flash of light, having a duration of about 1 x 10-6 s, used in photographing...
lambertian surface
A perfectly diffusing surface; the intensity of the light emanating in a given direction from any small surface component is...
critical flicker frequency
Relative to a light source, the frequency at which the source appears to fluctuate in light intensity half the time and...
image intensifier
An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...
calcium indicator
A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....
scintillation detector
A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...
dichroic polarizer
A polarizer that consists of dichroic polarizing material embedded in a plastic sheet, and that transmits light that is...
solid-state lamp
An electroluminescent semiconductor that emits low intensity radiation in the green or red regions. Used as an indicator...
mean spherical intensity
The average intensity of a light source measured over all directions.
homogeneous multilayer coating
A thin film of absorbing or nonabsorbing layers in which the absorption of radiation at any point is directly proportional...
peak wavelength
The wavelength at which the radiant intensity of a source is maximum.
epifluorescence microscopy
Fluorescence imaging technique in which the excitation light from the objective is directed into the sample producing...
dominant wavelength
A single wavelength of light that matches the color of a given sample when combined in suitable proportions with white light...
Hefner unit lamp
A gas lamp used in the early 1900s as a physical standard for measurement of luminous intensity. The Hefner unit was...
pixel
A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...
absorptivity
The measured change in absorption at a single wavelength while altering experimental parameters such as the incident...
laser damage threshold
The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...
grating beamsplitter
A grating beamsplitter is an optical device that utilizes the principles of diffraction to split a beam of light into...
attenuation
Attenuation refers to the gradual loss or reduction of intensity, force, or magnitude of a particular property as it...
lensless microscopy
Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...
line spread function
The intensity distribution seen when scanning the image of a line, in the direction perpendicular to that line.
impurity level
In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within...
holography
Holography is a technique used to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images using the principles of interference and...
fluorescence lifetime imaging
Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of...
photon drag detector
An infrared detector in which radiation passes through a doped germanium crystal, creating a voltage drop that can be...
ultrafast pulsed laser
An ultrafast pulsed laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the...
kinescope
A cathode-ray tube that serves as a picture tube in a television receiver. The signal representing the picture intensity is...
absorbance
The natural log of the ratio of absorbed intensity over the total intensity which gives a constant value assuming a stable...
astronomical scintillation
Any irregular motion, variation in intensity or change in color that arises because of atmospheric turbulence during the...
laser plasma
A plasma produced by the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a material surface. Production of ionized particle with...
fiber laser
A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...
diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a nondestructive analytical technique used to investigate the optical properties...
silicon photodiode
A silicon photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is a type of photodetector...
step tablets
In sensitometric testing, a series of areas progressing by equal density steps (usually the increments between steps are...
detector-Dewar assembly
A detector-Dewar assembly typically refers to a combination of a detector and a Dewar flask used in scientific instruments,...
Clayden effect
The desensitization of the first photographic exposure after it has been subjected to high-intensity radiation.
CCD image sensor
A CCD image sensor, or charge-coupled device image sensor, is a type of electronic device used to convert optical images...
optical coherence tomography imaging system
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics and biomedical research to obtain...
radiant intensity
The radiant energy emitted within a time period per unit solid angle, usually measured in watts per steradian.
photonegative
The property exhibited by a substance having electrical conductivity that decreases as the intensity of the incident visible...
optical emission spectroscopy
In dry etching, a method of characterizing the composition of solid materials such as metal. Atoms in the OES technique are...
flying spot microscope
A microscope that uses a flying spot scanner, directed through the eyepiece, as a light source to determine the features of...
spatial mode
Also known as transverse mode. The configurations of energy storage, relative to the structure of a laser resonator, that...
photoelectric pyrometer
An instrument used to measure the temperature of a source through the use of photoelectric cells to detect and measure the...
pyrheliometer
An instrument for measuring the intensity of solar radiation.
integration time
Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...
photoelectric receiver
An instrument that uses a photocell to detect and measure the intensity of incident light.
transverse mode
In the context of optics and lasers, a transverse mode refers to a specific spatial pattern of the electric field within the...
phase-contrast generation
Microscopy technique to convert the phase structure of the wave transmitted or reflected by the specimen into a...
modulation
In general, changes in one oscillation signal caused by another, such as amplitude or frequency modulation in radio which...
cadmium sulfide
An inorganic compound, yellow to orange in color, that fluoresces strongly enough when bombarded by a high-current-density...
magnetometer
A magnetometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the strength and/or direction of a magnetic field. It can detect...

(288 results found)

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