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parallel Dictionary Terms

Camera Link HS
Camera Link HS (high speed) is a standard developed for high-speed digital data transmission in machine vision and...
x-plates
Two flat parallel electrodes that are vertically mounted alongside each other in a cathode-ray tube and produce horizontal...
plane-parallel plate
 deformation constant
Any of the constants that relate the tendency of the director to remain parallel to restoring torques throughout the media....
Peltier cooler
A Peltier cooler, also known as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) or thermoelectric module, is a solid-state device that uses...
focal point
That point on the optical axis of a lens, to which an incident bundle of parallel light rays will converge.
static beam alignment
The degree to which a laser beam is aligned parallel to the housing axis.
minimum separable
The least space between two parallel lines that can be discriminated as a gap to the human eye. It is measured in terms of...
autocollimator
An autocollimator is an optical instrument used for measuring small angular deviations with high precision. It operates on...
triple mirror
Also known as corner-cube reflector or retrodirective reflector. Three reflecting surfaces, perpendicular to each other,...
collimated radiation
Radiation in which every ray from any given object point can be considered to be parallel to every other. This is never...
Seidel aberrations
Seidel aberrations refer to a set of monochromatic aberrations in optical systems, named after the German mathematician and...
cathode-ray tube faceplate
A fiber optic end plate constructed by drawing a bundle of parallel fibers embedded in glass and cutting it into thin...
stadia scale
A reticle pattern in a surveying instrument consisting of parallel lines that can be superimposed on a calibrated rod,...
qubit
A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information...
perfect crystal
A crystalline substance in which all planes are parallel, or approximately parallel.
rhomboid prism
A reflecting prism that is rhomboidal in shape. It has two parallel transmitting faces, and two parallel reflecting faces;...
Fabry-Perot cavity
An optical resonator in which feedback is accomplished by two parallel planes. In diode lasers, the planes are obtained by...
cylinder axis
In a cylindrical lens, the meridian parallel to the generating lines of the cylindrical surface. In a toric lens, the...
telecentric lens
There are three types of telecentric lenses: -Image-space telecentric lenses are those in which the aperture stop is...
lens
A lens is a transparent optical device that focuses or diverges light, allowing it to pass through and form an image. Lenses...
zones
1. In a polished surface, concentric waves that appear as zones in Newton's rings when a test glass is applied. 2. An...
Y axis
1. In a plane Cartesian coordinate system, the vertical axis orthogonal to the X-axis. 2. In a quartz crystal structure, the...
binocular collimation
The adjustment of a binocular instrument so that the lines of sight of both telescopes are parallel.
focusing coil
A coil used to focus an electron beam by the generation of a magnetic field parallel to the beam.
point light source
1. With respect to angular subtense, a source of light, such as a star, that is very small. In a lab, a point source may be...
image splitting eyepiece
An eyepiece having a special prism arrangement linked to a micrometer screw to allow reading of the angular relations...
etaloning
Etaloning is an optical phenomenon that occurs in imaging systems, particularly in devices such as spectrometers,...
Cornu-Jellet prism
A prism formed by dividing a Nicol prism in a plane parallel to the path of vibration of the transmitted light and taking...
Pellin-Broca prism
A form of dispersing prism, often used in monochromators, that consists of a common right-angle prism with a 30°...
lensometer
An ophthalmic instrument used to measure the magnitude and direction of the maximum and minimum powers of a spectacle lens,...
cholesteric phase
The state of a liquid crystal in which the molecules are arranged in layers with their long axes in the plane of each layer....
optical center
The point on the optical axis of a lens that is the image of the nodal points. For any bundle of rays passing through the...
concave and convex spherical mirror
Concave and convex spherical mirrors are types of curved mirrors that have surfaces shaped like segments of spheres. These...
parallel transmission
A mode of data transmission whereby bits of information are carried simultaneously at different frequencies over a single...
parallel/serial converter
A device that converts data transmitted in the parallel mode to a sequence of bits at a single frequency for output in the...
rectification
A technique used in photogrammetry to ensure parallelism during projection printing. Failure to do this will change a...
feret's diameter
In microscopy, the measured distance between theoretical parallel lines that are drawn tangent to the particle profile and...
holographic particle velocimetry
A method of measuring flow velocity by seeding the flow with neutrally buoyant particles and using a pulsed laser to...
boresight
The alignment process that makes the optical axes of two related systems parallel to each other. Also, making the optical...
beam
1. A bundle of light rays that may be parallel, converging or diverging. 2. A concentrated, unidirectional stream of...
reflection grating
A reflection grating is an optical component that consists of a series of closely spaced, parallel reflecting surfaces or...
parallel processing
In imaging, the processing of pixel data in such a way that a group of pixels is analyzed at one time rather than one pixel...
stereomicrography
Technique that provides two stereographic views of an object that are larger than the object itself, by means of mutually...
Young's two-slit interference
The method by which Thomas Young in 1802 disproved Newton's corpuscular theory of light by the formation of interference...
plasma display
A type of flat panel display made up of a layer of gas between two glass plates. The glass is coated with parallel...
transputer
A computer whose architecture contains several CPU chips arranged in parallel. Often used in image processing systems.
single instruction/multiple data
A computer architecture used in parallel processing whereby the processing elements are directed by a single, central...
Savart polariscope
1. A polariscope consisting of a Savart plate and a tourmaline plate analyzer, and used to produce parallel color fringes by...
etalon
An etalon is an optical device that consists of two parallel reflecting surfaces separated by a precise and known distance....
Billet's split lens
An experimental lens used to produce interference fringes. A positive lens is cut into halves along its center, and the...
gallium arsenide injection laser
A laser system consisting of a planar PN junction within a single crystal of gallium arsenide. The pair of parallel,...
Pechan prism
A prism made up of two air-spaced components. It has the ability to revert, and not invert, an image, and can be used in...
circumzenithal arc
The halo phenomenon of a brightly colored arc having the colors of the rainbow and lying parallel to the horizon.
homogeneous orientation
The parallel orientation of the molecular axes of the nematic molecules in a nematic crystal, relative to the electrode...
Brewster angle window
A parallel plate of glass in such a position that the refracted and reflected rays of incident parallel light are mutually...
photonic computer
A type of computer in which the electronic circuits, which process data serially, are replaced by photonic circuits capable...
optically uniaxial crystal
A transparent crystalline substance in which the refractive index of the optic axis (extraordinary axis) is different from...
attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy
Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...
extinction ratio
The ratio of the power of a plane-polarized beam that is transmitted through a polarizer placed in its path with its...
plane wave
A wave whose surfaces of constant phase are infinite parallel planes normal to the direction of propagation.
spectrographic slits
The slits in a spectrograph that form images of spectral lines. Slits may be bilateral or unilateral, and generally close...
negative dielectric anisotropy
State typically studied in liquid crystals in which the dielectric coefficient parallel to the director is less than the...
vertical resolution
In television system specifications, the number of parallel horizontal black and white lines of equal thickness, that can be...
diffraction spectrum
In spectroscopy, the parallel bands that vary in lightness and darkness or color, and that are formed when light is...
channel impedance
The parallel resistance and capacitance appearing between the active guard ring junctions in a silicon photodiode.
photovoltaic cell
A photovoltaic cell, commonly known as a solar cell, is a semiconductor device that directly converts light energy into...
convex
Convex is an adjective used to describe a surface or shape that curves outward, bulges, or has a rounded and outwardly...
spectrograph
An optical instrument for forming the spectrum of a light source and recording it on a film. The dispersing medium may be a...
penta prism
A five-sided prism containing two reflecting surfaces at 45° to each other, and two refracting faces perpendicular to...
paraxial ray
A ray that behaves according to paraxial equations; one that lies close to and almost parallel to the optical axis.
microfluidics
Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...
Fourier transform hologram
A hologram formed by the recording of a plane object situated in the focal plane of a lens so that each object gives rise to...
lab-on-a-chip
A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...
stable multipass Fabry-Perot interferometer
A plane-parallel interferometer that yields extremely high contrast over a wide range of finesse values without...
variable-focus condenser
An Abbe condenser in which the upper lens element is fixed. The lower lens may focus the illumination between the elements...
oil-on plate
A polished plano-parallel plate that is contacted to an unpolished glass surface to permit see-through analysis of the...
lenticular image dissection
A method of image dissection whereby a lens transfers images onto a lenticular plate that in turn illustrates the images as...
disc laser
A laser having a rod that is a stacked array of discs immersed in a transparent flowing coolant fluid. In this way, the...
grating beamsplitter
A grating beamsplitter is an optical device that utilizes the principles of diffraction to split a beam of light into...
concave
Concave is an adjective used to describe a surface or shape that curves inward or has a hollow or recessed appearance. In...
parallel beam
longitudinal field modulator
Pockels cell or dynamic optical retarder in which the electrical field is applied in a direction parallel to that of light...
multiple slits
The series of equally spaced parallel slits that make up a scanning aperture in place of a single slit, in the scanning of a...
nematic phase
A form of liquid crystal with an appearance of moving, threadlike structures, particularly visible when observed in thick...
equatorial mount
A telescope stand equipped with a polar axis that can be set parallel to the Earth's axis of rotation and a declination axis...
laser diode module
A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...
quartz plate
A crystalline-quartz plate designed according to specifications but having its two major faces parallel.
twisted nematic phase
A form of liquid crystal widely used in displays, achieved by sandwiching a liquid crystal material between two substrates...
guided wave
A wave in which energy is focused near a boundary separating materials having different properties. Propagation of the wave...
window
1. A piece of glass with plane parallel surfaces used to admit light into an optical system and to exclude dirt and...
Savart plate
A double-plate device used to transmit polarized light and form interference fringes of the light, thus indicating its...
modulation
In general, changes in one oscillation signal caused by another, such as amplitude or frequency modulation in radio which...
Brewster's fringes
The fringes used in the Jamin interferometer and produced by light that has been internally and externally reflected by two...
collimation
1. The process of aligning the optical axes of optical systems to the reference mechanical axes or surfaces of an...
total image runout
Image displacement by a decentered lens, rotated on a chuck whose axis of rotation passes through the geometrical center of...
fiber optic faceplate
A plate made up of thousands of glass fibers arranged parallel to one another, i.e., in a coherent bundle, and fused...
homocentric
A term applied to rays that possess the same focal point, which may be infinity, thereby meaning that the rays are parallel.
parallel-plate waveguide
A pair of waveguides with axes normal to the plane and that guide uniform cylindrical waves.
blaze height
Blaze height typically refers to a parameter in the context of diffraction gratings, which are optical devices consisting of...
basal plane
A plane in a crystal that lies parallel to the principal plane of symmetry.
Luneburg lens
A dielectric sphere with an index of refraction that varies with distance from the sphere center. A parallel beam of rays is...
atomic clock
An atomic clock is a highly precise timekeeping device that uses the vibrations or oscillations of atoms as a reference for...
fringes of superposition
The multiple beam form of Brewster's fringes formed when the two plane-parallel plates have high-reflecting surfaces.
optical grating
An optical grating, in the context of optics and physics, refers to a device with a periodic structure of closely spaced,...
lateral load test
A method of measuring microbending losses in optical fiber by sandwiching a length of fiber between two parallel plates,...
landolt band
A dark band that may appear in the field of crossed Nicol prisms with a powerful source such as the sun because the light is...
beam shaper
A beam shaper is an optical device or system designed to modify the spatial profile or intensity distribution of a laser or...
edge-defined film-fed growth
Process for growth of solar cells that results in rectangular shapes consisting of many interconnected cells in a series or...
Fabry-Perot interferometer
A multiple-beam interferometer, usually consisting of two flat plates, with high reflective ability. The plates are set...
positive dielectric anisotropy
The dielectric coefficient parallel to the director in a liquid crystal display (LCD), rather than perpendicular to the...
infrared window
1. A thin parallel plate of material that transmits in the infrared region. See infrared optical material. 2. A spectral...
nuclear magnetic resonance
A phenomenon, exploited for medical imaging, in which the nuclei of material placed in a strong magnetic field will absorb...
double vision
A defect of a binocular instrument causing two images to be seen separately instead of being fused. It is caused when the...
Faraday configuration
Describes incident radiation propagating parallel to an externally applied magnetic field in magneto-optical experimentation.
Schlieren photomicrography
The photomicrographic recording of Schlieren effects, irregular refractions of light from optic surfaces or areas of thin,...
Lummer-Gehrcke plate
A high-resolution spectroscopic device commonly used in the early 20th century as a component of double-beam...
proximity-focused image tube
A planar photocathode and a planar phosphor screen mounted in a close-spaced parallel configuration in an evacuated...
kinoform filter
A computer-generated kinoform used for data processing because of its use of incoherent light and its wide field of view,...
laser output
The laser output refers to the generated and emitted light produced by a laser system. This output is characterized by...
focal length
The focal length of a lens is the distance between the lens's optical center (or principal point) and the image sensor or...
solar simulator
A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...
paraboloidal mirror
A concave mirror that has the form of a paraboloid of revolution. The paraboloidal mirror may have only a portion of a...
moiré pattern
The resulting interference pattern generated from moiré deflectometry, the moiré pattern is a pattern...
Callier coefficient
The coefficient termed by Callier as the ratio between the density of photographic negatives measured by parallel light and...
entrance slit
The entrance slit, also known simply as the slit, is an essential component in optical instruments such as spectrometers and...
Dove prism
A form of prism invented by H.W. Dove. It resembles half of a common right-angle prism in which a ray entering parallel to...
telescope mount
The base used to hold an astronomical telescope. It may be either altazimuth, with horizontal and vertical axes of rotation,...
coring
A mass-relieving method whereby material is removed through the sides of a reflector in a direction parallel to the surface....
neuromorphic
Neuromorphic refers to the design and development of computing systems or devices that are inspired by the structure and...
Casimir force
The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...
optical barcode reader
An optical barcode reader, commonly known as a barcode scanner, is a device that uses optical technology to capture and...
measuring wedge
A wedge in a rangefinder or heightfinder used to displace the image produced by one telescope so that it coincides with that...
drum scanner
An image-processing device that scans in a straight line parallel to the axis of a rotating cylinder to which the material...
serioscopy
A variation of tomography, which is a means of visualizing any one of a large set of parallel planes in the patient. A...
Dammann grating
A Dammann grating is a type of diffractive optical element (DOE) used to create an array of equally spaced,...
lenticular
An array or mosaic of optical surfaces. May be a number of lenses closely packed to form multiple images or many parallel...
zone axis
Also known as zonal axis. The axis positioned through the center of a crystal that is parallel to a zone edge.
coelostat
A plane mirror mounted on a polar axis that lies parallel to the plane of the mirror. When the mirror is rotated once in 48...
Marx generator
High-voltage, fast-discharge circuit named after its inventor, Erwin Marx. Its capacitors are charged in parallel and...
light pattern
In optics, a pattern, such as the Buchmann-Meyer pattern, that may be viewed when the record surface is illuminated by a...
face-pumped laser
A device in which slab geometry internally compensates for thermal-optic distortion; the solid host material -- glass or...
director
In a liquid crystal system, the director refers to the local symmetry axis around which the long range order of the liquid...
resolving power
A measure of an optical system's ability to produce an image which separates two points or parallel lines on the object. See...
rectilinear scanning
The scanning of a region in a given sequence of slender, straight parallel strips.
metal component
An accurate metal prism or plane parallel plate that is cemented to an optical element and remains with it during a series...
multiple instruction/multiple data
A computer architecture used in parallel processing whereby all the processing elements are operating under their own local...
multiple-beam laser
A laser having a Q-switching method that allows separate parallel volumes of the lasing material to act independently of...
high-content screening
Also known as HCS, an analytical method designed to collect statistically relevant amounts of quantitative data on many...
negative carrier
The structure that holds the photographic negative in a proper position that is both flat and parallel to the lens plane, as...
parallel scanning
Parallel scanning refers to a method of acquiring data or images simultaneously from multiple sources or in parallel, rather...
spheric lens
A spheric lens, also known as a spherical lens, is a type of optical lens with at least one surface that is part of a...
optical waveguide
Any structure having the ability to guide the flow of radiant energy along a path parallel to its axis and to contain the...
Harting Dove prism
A direct-vision prism made in one piece that can be used only in parallel light.
prism chromatic resolving power
The chromatic resolving power of a prism is invariably stated for the case in which parallel rays of light are incident on...
Murty interferometer
A form of shearing interferometer that contains a simple wedged (plane-parallel) glass plate with a nonzero optical path...
thermocouple
A device composed of dissimilar metals that, when welded together, develop a small voltage dependent upon the relative...
retroreflection
Retroreflection is a phenomenon in optics where light is reflected back toward its source, typically in a direction nearly...
high-performance parallel interface
A very high bandwidth communication line often used in fiber optics.
transfer blocking
A process used to control thickness and parallelism precisely during the production of plane-parallel plates. Elements are...
diffraction grating
A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel...
diverging lens
A diverging lens is a type of lens that causes parallel rays of light to spread out or diverge. It is thinner in the center...
confocal spherical interferometer
An interferometer formed by two similar concave spherical mirrors arranged with the center of one sphere on the other...
Bravais-Miller index
One of the constants h, k, f or I, used to demonstrate any set of parallel planes in a crystal of the hexagonal system.
double slit
A pair of long, slender parallel apertures used in experiments on diffraction and interference.
parallelogram distortion
In a camera or cathode-ray tube, distortion that is designated by a lateral skewing of the reproduced image.

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