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performance Dictionary Terms

laser annealing
Laser annealing is a process that involves using a laser beam to heat and modify the microstructure of a material, typically...
fiber laser
A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...
deep learning
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex...
distortion-limited operation
The limitation on performance imposed by the distortion of a received signal rather than its amplitude or power.
plasmonics
Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...
laser designator
A laser device used to establish a location or target usually for detection by an impact source e.g. missiles and guided...
optical testing
Refers to a variety of methods and tools used to determine the surface contour and performance of optical components and...
aspheric mirror
An aspheric mirror is an optical mirror surface that deviates from the shape of a perfect sphere, having a non-spherical...
fiber optic transceiver
A fiber optic transceiver, often simply referred to as an "optical transceiver," is a device used in fiber optic...
molded lens
A molded lens is an optical lens manufactured using a molding process, typically involving the shaping of a material, such...
phase distrortion
Phase distortion refers to a change in the phase relationships between different frequency components of a signal. In the...
reflection grating
A reflection grating is an optical component that consists of a series of closely spaced, parallel reflecting surfaces or...
optical fiber optic switches
Optical fiber optic switches are devices used in optical fiber communication systems to selectively route optical signals...
static beam shaping
A technique for creating optimal performance in a system by producing a specific beam irradiance distribution, usually...
apodization
The use of a variable transmission filter at the aperture stop of a lens to modify its diffraction pattern. Reduced...
fiber optic gyroscope
A fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is a type of gyroscope that uses the interference of light waves to detect changes in...
swept-source laser
A swept-source laser, also known as a wavelength-swept laser, is a type of laser that rapidly and continuously changes its...
MEMS fiber optic switch
A MEMS fiber optic switch is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device designed to selectively route optical signals...
laser damage threshold
The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...
detector-Dewar assembly
A detector-Dewar assembly typically refers to a combination of a detector and a Dewar flask used in scientific instruments,...
metamaterial
Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring substances. These...
optical testing instrument
An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...
phase screen
A phase screen, in the context of optics and wave optics, refers to a surface or medium that introduces a phase delay to an...
design and engineering consulting services
Design and engineering consulting services refer to professional services provided by specialized firms or individuals to...
diamond-turned optic
Diamond turning refers to a precision machining process used to produce complex optical components, particularly lenses and...
substrate
A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...
machine vision lens
A machine vision lens is a specialized optical lens designed for use in machine vision systems, which are used for automated...
microring resonator
A microring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...
gradient-index profile
The term gradient-index profile refers to a specific type of refractive index distribution within an optical material. In...
ultraviolet reflectance
Ultraviolet reflectance refers to the ability of a material or surface to reflect UV light. Ultraviolet light is...
optical channel monitor
An optical channel monitor (OCM) is a device used in optical communication systems to monitor and analyze the performance of...
optical manufacturing tools and machinery
Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...
optical air mass
A measure of the optical path length for light traveling from the sun or other celestial source through Earth's atmosphere...
photon jet
A photon jet is a narrow, highly collimated beam of light that is formed when light interacts with small dielectric...
cathode radiant sensitivity
Cathode radiant sensitivity refers to the ability of a photocathode to convert incident radiant energy, typically in the...
spherical aberration
Spherical aberration is an optical aberration that occurs when light rays passing through a lens or curved optical surface...
Nernst glower
A Nernst glower, also known simply as a Nernst lamp or Nernst filament, is a type of incandescent lamp or radiant heater...
residual absorption and scattering
Loss mechanisms that degrade the performance of all thin-film optical devices by removing radiant flux out of the specular...
integration time
Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...
attenuation-limited power
In fiber optics, the limitation on performance imposed by the amplitude of a received signal rather than distortion.
scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) refers to a type of image sensor technology specifically designed...
off-axis paraboloid and ellipsoid mirror
Off-axis paraboloid and ellipsoid mirrors are specialized optical components used in various optical systems, particularly...
aplanatic surface
An aplanatic surface is an optical surface that is specifically designed or shaped to minimize spherical aberration and...
electro-optic modulator
An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a device used to modulate the amplitude, phase, or polarization of light waves using an...
optical coatings
Optical coatings are thin layers of materials applied to optical components, such as lenses, mirrors, filters, and prisms,...
bandwidth-limited operation
In fiber optics, the limitation on performance imposed by the system bandwidth rather than the amplitude of the signal.
minimum object distance
Minimum object distance, often abbreviated as MOD, refers to the closest distance at which a camera lens or optical system...
optical cements and adhesive
Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...
InGaAs photodiode
An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...
aspheric lens
An aspheric lens is a type of lens whose surface profiles deviate from the traditional spherical shape. Unlike spherical...
modified chemical vapor deposition
Modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) is a technique used in the fabrication of optical fibers. It is a specialized form...
mirror blank
A mirror blank refers to the initial piece of material from which a mirror is made. It is typically a flat or slightly...
light-emitting diode
An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...
free-space optics
Free-space optics (FSO), also known as optical wireless communication or optical wireless networking, refers to the...
CCD image sensor
A CCD image sensor, or charge-coupled device image sensor, is a type of electronic device used to convert optical images...
gallium nitride
Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...
anisotropic
Anisotropic is a term used to describe a material or substance that exhibits different properties or behaviors in different...
Peltier cooler
A Peltier cooler, also known as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) or thermoelectric module, is a solid-state device that uses...
Baker corrector
A two-mirror corrector for a parabolic primary mirror that provides anastigmatic performance for large astronomical...
MTF optimization
Computerized lens design algorithm that permits the lens MTF characteristic to be included and controlled during the...
laser texturing
Laser texturing is a manufacturing process that involves using a laser beam to selectively modify the surface of a material,...
chromatic aberration
Chromatic aberration is an optical phenomenon that occurs when different wavelengths (colors) of light are refracted by a...
digital twin
A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...
immersed detector
A radiation detector with its active medium mounted within a lens that focuses the radiation signal. The improvement in...
remote inspection
Remote inspection refers to the process of inspecting, evaluating, or monitoring assets, equipment, infrastructure, or...
analog stroke
An analog method of moving a cathode-ray tube beam across a display screen face, commonly used in high-performance vector...
neutral density coating
A coating applied to a neutral density glass that is designed to reduce the amount of light evenly across the transmitted...
feedback amplifier
An amplifying device that returns a portion of its output to its input as a means of modifying the device's performance.
topological photonics
Topological photonics is a branch of physics and optics that explores the application of topological concepts to the...
optical assembly
An optical assembly refers to a collection of optical components that are carefully arranged and aligned to perform a...
magnetorheological finishing
Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a precision optics polishing technique used for shaping and finishing optical surfaces...
apochromat
An apochromat, often referred to as an apochromatic lens or apochromatic objective, is a type of optical system designed to...
transducer
A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...
pyramid error
Pyramid error in optics refers to an aberration in the shape of an optical surface, particularly in the context of mirrors....
machine vision system
A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...
image intensifier
An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...
mirror mount
A mirror mount is a mechanical device used to secure and precisely position mirrors in optical systems. Mirrors are...
liquid crystal on silicon
Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...
modulation transfer function
Also called sine wave response and contrast transfer function. The modulation transfer function is the ratio of the...
microlens array
A microlens array is a grid-like structure composed of numerous small lenses, typically arranged in a regular pattern. Each...
epitaxial deposition
Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...
epitaxial equipment
Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...
integrated photonics
Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...
surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...
machine learning
Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the development of algorithms and...
linear receive optics
Linear receive optics typically refers to the optical components and systems used in the reception (detection) of linearly...
entrance slit
The entrance slit, also known simply as the slit, is an essential component in optical instruments such as spectrometers and...
double-clad fiber
Double-clad fiber (DCF) is a specialized optical fiber that features two concentric cladding layers surrounding a core. The...
multi-axis alignment
Multi-axis alignment refers to the process of aligning or adjusting components or systems in multiple spatial dimensions or...
adaptive optics
Adaptive optics (AO) is a technology used to improve the performance of optical systems by reducing the effects of...
lateral shearing interferometer
A lateral shearing interferometer is an optical device used in interferometry to measure phase differences between two beams...
freeform optics
Freeform optics refers to the design and fabrication of optical surfaces that do not follow traditional symmetric shapes,...
dewetting
Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...
error function
A single number, defined by the computer program or the user that expresses the performance of an optical system. Also known...
laser interferometer
An interferometer that uses a laser as its light source. The purely monochromatic nature of the laser results in improved...
effective data rate
A characterization of the throughput performance of data storage systems; the EDR is the total of data retrieved divided by...
wafer
In the context of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing, a wafer refers to a thin, flat disk or substrate made of a...
laser peening
Laser peening is a surface enhancement technique used to improve the mechanical properties of materials, particularly...
spectral repeatability
Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or...
mid-wave infrared
MWIR stands for mid-wave infrared, referring to a specific range of wavelengths within the infrared spectrum. Infrared...
modulation transfer function analysis/measurement equipment
MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...
CMOS camera
A CMOS camera refers to an imaging device that employs a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor to...
laser active elements
Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...
optical clock
An optical clock is a highly precise and advanced timekeeping device that relies on the oscillations of electromagnetic...
impurity level
In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within...
anisotropy
Anisotropy refers to the property of exhibiting different values or characteristics when measured in different directions....
GaN distributed feedback lasers
GaN (Gallium Nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...
Fresnel lens
A Fresnel lens is a type of optical lens that consists of a series of concentric grooves or steps carved into a flat, thin...
tolerancing
The determination of the degree to which a manufactured component can deviate from its ideal specifications of material and...
micro-optics
Micro-optics refers to the design, fabrication, and application of optical components and systems at a microscale level....
die bonding
Die bonding is a critical process in semiconductor manufacturing and microelectronics assembly, where a semiconductor die or...
bias buildup
Degradation factor in coherent light systems where the amplitude of the recorded signal is decreased as the number of object...
broadband dielectric mirrors
Broadband dielectric mirrors, also known as broadband mirrors, are optical coatings designed to efficiently reflect or...
critical aperture
In an optical system, the aperture size at which the lens gives its best overall performance.
Snellen letter
The letter form used on visual performance test charts. The overall letter height is equal to five times the thickness of...
lens testing equipment
Lens testing equipment refers to a range of specialized tools and instruments used to evaluate the optical performance,...
mode hopping
Mode hopping in the context of lasers refers to a phenomenon where a laser system abruptly switches from one longitudinal...
stroboscopic interferometry
A pulsed interferometer that permits the continuous quantitative mapping of the surface deformation of an adaptive optical...
near-infrared camera
A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...
linear positioning stage
A linear positioning stage, also known as a linear stage or translation stage, is a precision mechanical device used to...
antireflection coating
An antireflection coating (AR coating) is a thin film or coating applied to optical surfaces, such as lenses or windows, to...
optical switching
Optical switching refers to the process of controlling the routing or transmission of optical signals within a network using...
single-photon avalanche diode
A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...
polymer
Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers. These monomers are chemically bonded...
optical phase distortion
Optical phase distortion refers to a phenomenon where the phase of an optical wavefront is altered as it propagates through...
CCD camera
A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...
hybrid optical integrated circuit
Device in which the various circuit elements are fabricated in different substrate materials and then appropriately joined...
indium phosphide
Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...
thermal interface materials
Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are substances or compounds used to enhance the thermal conductivity between two surfaces...
electron-beam lithography system
An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...
Seidel aberrations
Seidel aberrations refer to a set of monochromatic aberrations in optical systems, named after the German mathematician and...
custom optic
A custom optic refers to an optical component that is designed, manufactured, and tailored to meet specific requirements or...
III-V material
In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from...
fiber optic preform
A fiber optic preform is a cylindrical glass rod or tube used as the starting material for manufacturing optical fibers. It...
metasurfaces
Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength-scale artificial structures, often referred to as meta-atoms or...
infrared lens
An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...
digital camera
A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...
optical glass
Optical glass refers to a type of glass specifically engineered and manufactured for use in optical components and systems,...
input/output
I/O stands for input/output. In computing, it refers to the communication between a computer system or program and its...
infrared detector
An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...
laser drift
Laser drift typically refers to a phenomenon where the frequency or wavelength of a laser source gradually changes over...
CID camera
CID, or charge injection device, camera refers to a type of imaging device that utilizes a specific kind of solid-state...
neuromorphic
Neuromorphic refers to the design and development of computing systems or devices that are inspired by the structure and...
GaN-based LEDs
Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...
mutual coherent function
A function that quantifies the performance degradation of coherent communications systems, imaging systems and all systems...
dichroic mirror
A dichroic mirror, also known as a dichroic beamsplitter or interference filter beamsplitter, is an optical device that...
freeform mirrors
Freeform mirrors refer to reflective optical components that deviate from traditional symmetric or rotationally symmetric...
gun camera
A camera accurately aligned to a weapons system to provide a photographic record of system performance.
silicon carbide light-emitting diodes
Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...
optical design and engineering services
Optical design and engineering services involve the development, customization, and optimization of optical systems and...
high-performance parallel interface
A very high bandwidth communication line often used in fiber optics.
blaze height
Blaze height typically refers to a parameter in the context of diffraction gratings, which are optical devices consisting of...
lens blank
A lens blank is a piece of optical material in a raw, unfinished state, typically in the form of a disk or block, from which...
detector array
A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....
piezoelectric motion systems
Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...
diamond turning
Diamond turning, also known as diamond machining or diamond cutting, is a precision machining process used to produce...
meta-optics
Meta-optics, also known as metasurface optics or flat optics, is a branch of optics that involves the design, fabrication,...
epitaxial
Epitaxial refers to the growth of a crystalline layer on a crystalline substrate in such a way that the orientation of the...
diode-pumped solid-state laser
A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...
GigE
GigE, short for gigabit Ethernet, refers to a standard for high-speed Ethernet communication, capable of transmitting data...
confocal resonator
A confocal resonator, also known as a confocal cavity or confocal laser resonator, is a type of optical resonator...
quantum sensing
Quantum sensing refers to a class of sensing technologies that leverage principles from quantum mechanics to enhance the...
optical materials
Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...
electron multiplication charge-coupled device camera
An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...
surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...
optical time-domain reflectometer
An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is a specialized instrument used in optical fiber communications to characterize...
optical design software
Optical design software refers to specialized computer programs used by optical engineers, physicists, and designers to...
azimuthal polarization
Azimuthal polarization refers to a specific polarization state of light where the electric field vector of the...
metalens
A metalens, short for "metasurface lens," is a type of optical lens that uses nanostructured materials to manipulate light...
plasmon ion-assisted deposition
Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...

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