Lithography is a key process used in microfabrication and semiconductor manufacturing to create intricate patterns on the surface of substrates, typically silicon wafers. It involves the transfer of a desired pattern onto a photosensitive material...

Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...

A large tank filled with liquid hydrogen, with a flat window at one end and complex optical devices for observing and...

Optical design software refers to specialized computer programs used by optical engineers, physicists, and designers to...

Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...

Optical fiber optic switches are devices used in optical fiber communication systems to selectively route optical signals...

A device that is designed to modulate a beam of light, usually from a laser source, by acting upon the beam directly. The...

A feature of some imaging devices, such as digital cameras, that allows them to compensate for different lighting conditions...

A near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the absorption, transmission, or reflection...

An optical instrument consisting of a well- corrected objective lens or mirror with a light source and or object/image (i.e....

A lens is a transparent optical device that focuses or diverges light, allowing it to pass through and form an image. Lenses...

An electrophoretic display, often referred to as an electronic paper display or e-paper display, is a type of electronic...

A reticle, also known as a reticule or graticule, is a pattern or set of markings placed in the focal plane of an optical...

A spectroradiometer is a device used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths across the electromagnetic...

In the context of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing, a wafer refers to a thin, flat disk or substrate made of a...

An accelerometer is a sensor or transducer that measures the rate of change of velocity of an object, or in simpler terms,...

The transmission and reception of information by optical devices and sensors.

Device that operates by interaction of incident radiation with semiconductor based material in order to produce an...

A charge-injection device (CID) refers to a class of devices that manipulate and detect electrical charge within a...

The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...

Pushbroom scanning is a technique used in remote sensing and imaging systems, particularly in satellite and aerial sensors,...

An electromagnon is a quasiparticle excitation that combines aspects of both magnetism and electric polarization in a...

Any of the many devices used to detect the presence of radiation from a specific region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Particle acceleration refers to the process by which charged particles, such as electrons or protons, gain kinetic energy...

Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...

Meta-optics, also known as metasurface optics or flat optics, is a branch of optics that involves the design, fabrication,...

The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where...

Generally, a rotatable table with scales marked in degrees. The fiducial marking also may be a vernier scale. The same...

Sapphire optical fiber is a type of optical fiber made from single-crystal sapphire, which is a form of aluminum oxide...

Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of...

A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a type of electronic image sensor used in various imaging devices, including digital...

A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...

A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...

Plastic optics refers to optical components or systems that are made from transparent plastic materials, as opposed to...

A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...

A photon jet is a narrow, highly collimated beam of light that is formed when light interacts with small dielectric...

Thin-film coatings are layers of material applied to the surface of an object or substrate, typically to modify its optical,...

A micro-ring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...

Optical switching refers to the process of controlling the routing or transmission of optical signals within a network using...

A fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna (FCPA) is a type of optoelectronic device that combines a photoconductive antenna...

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength-scale artificial structures, often referred to as meta-atoms or...

A device that uses low-level visible radiation or infrared radiation to produce a visual image of a night scene. These...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are substances or compounds used to enhance the thermal conductivity between two surfaces...

Multi-axis alignment refers to the process of aligning or adjusting components or systems in multiple spatial dimensions or...

Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...

The optical Fourier transform is a mathematical operation applied to optical signals that involves transforming a spatial...

Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...

Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...

Micro-optics refers to the design, fabrication, and application of optical components and systems at a microscale level....

A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...

Nanopositioning refers to the precise and controlled movement or manipulation of objects or components at the nanometer...

Epitaxial refers to the growth of a crystalline layer on a crystalline substrate in such a way that the orientation of the...

A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...

A microdisplay is a miniature electronic display technology that is designed to project visual information onto a small...

Optical coatings are thin layers of materials applied to optical components, such as lenses, mirrors, filters, and prisms,...

Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...

A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...

A sapphire window refers to a transparent optical component made from sapphire crystal. Sapphire is a single-crystal form of...

A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...

A CMOS camera refers to an imaging device that employs a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor to...

Quantum-enhanced metrology refers to the use of quantum mechanics principles and techniques to enhance the precision and...

An optical gate typically refers to a device or system that controls the transmission of light, allowing it to pass through...

A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...

Optofluidics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from optics and fluidics to create devices and systems...

In the context of thin film deposition processes such as evaporation or sputtering, masks are used to selectively deposit...

Laser texturing is a manufacturing process that involves using a laser beam to selectively modify the surface of a material,...

A solid-state video detector consisting of a single row of light-sensitive semiconductor devices, used in linear-array...

A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...

A silicon photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is a type of photodetector...

Laser annealing is a process that involves using a laser beam to heat and modify the microstructure of a material, typically...

A fiber optic cable assembly refers to a complete unit consisting of optical fibers, connectors, protective jackets, and...

An optical instrument designed to displace the line of sight in a vertical direction. For submarines and other military uses...

Diamond turning refers to a precision machining process used to produce complex optical components, particularly lenses and...

RGB stands for red, green, blue, which are the primary colors of light used in additive color mixing. The RGB color model is...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

A galvanometric scanner, also known as a galvanometer scanner or galvo scanner, is a type of optical scanning device used to...

A term pertaining to devices (generally optical) designed for use with both eyes viewing through a single exit pupil. The...

A hydrogel is a three-dimensional network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, meaning they have a strong affinity for...

A fiber optic transceiver, often simply referred to as an "optical transceiver," is a device used in fiber optic...

The hardware for reading (and writing in devices so equipped) an optical mass data storage disk.

A semiconductor diode operating in either a coherent or incoherent mode that is used as a near-infrared or visible source in...

A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...

Short wavelength infrared (SWIR) refers to the portion of the infrared spectrum that encompasses wavelengths roughly between...

Magneto-optics refers to the study and manipulation of the interaction between magnetic fields and light (electromagnetic...

Videography refers to the process of capturing moving images and recording them in a digital format. It involves the use of...

Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...

Method of preserving the measured color value and color information as it is translated from differing devices. For example...

An instrument that measures the angle at which a prism can couple laser light into an optical waveguide; used to determine...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

A custom optic refers to an optical component that is designed, manufactured, and tailored to meet specific requirements or...

Laser marking is a process in which a laser beam is used to mark or engrave a surface by altering its properties or...

Metrology is the science and practice of measurement. It encompasses the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement,...

A polariton is a quasiparticle resulting from the strong coupling between photons (light particles) and certain types of...

A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...

A line-scan camera, also known as a line-scan image sensor or linear array camera, is a type of digital camera designed to...

Devices in which the lasing medium is a vapor of metal atoms or ions, sometimes mixed with another gas. Metal vapor lasers...

Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) refers to a technology used in the fabrication of integrated circuits,...

Area scan, in the context of imaging and cameras, refers to a method of capturing an entire two-dimensional image in a...

A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...

A network interface card (NIC), also known as a network adapter or LAN adapter, is a hardware component that allows...

Complex devices, often involving a computer, in which a photograph is scanned by a point of light, the amplitude of the...

The utilization of the light produced when electrical energy is directly converted into light within devices used for visual...

A method of reducing dark current in charge-coupled devices by holding all the clocks at negative voltage during the...

A magnetometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the strength and/or direction of a magnetic field. It can detect...

An optical barcode reader, commonly known as a barcode scanner, is a device that uses optical technology to capture and...

A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...

Piezoresistance is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where the electrical resistance of a material changes in...

The term gradient-index profile refers to a specific type of refractive index distribution within an optical material. In...

A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....

In optics, an octave typically refers to a range of frequencies or wavelengths that spans a factor of 2. In other words,...

An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...

Graphene is a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal...

An aspheric lens is a type of lens whose surface profiles deviate from the traditional spherical shape. Unlike spherical...

The effect discovered by Faraday in 1845 whereby nonoptically active materials or substances become capable of rotating the...

A crystalline material used in piezoelectric devices.

A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...

Refers to the voltage and current necessary for the operation of circuit devices.

Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...

Anisotropic is a term used to describe a material or substance that exhibits different properties or behaviors in different...

Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...

A spectrometric instrument that detects radiation simultaneously in multiple channels, sorts it spectrally from the deep...

Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital information, typically in the form of computer-generated...

Describes devices that are not provided with a means of focusing.

An array of active optical devices (modulators, laser diodes and/or detectors), each of whose electrical inputs or outputs...

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...

An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...

Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring substances. These...

A polygonal mirror, also known as a multifaceted mirror or facet mirror, is a type of optical component used in various...

An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...

A retroreflector is an optical device or structure that reflects incident light or electromagnetic waves back to their...

Optical design and engineering services involve the development, customization, and optimization of optical systems and...

In optics, the term image jump refers to a displacement or shift in the apparent position of an image when a change occurs...

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a technique used in additive manufacturing, specifically in the field of 3D printing. It...

Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment or experience that can be...

In the context of materials science and semiconductor physics, doping refers to the intentional introduction of impurities...

In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

Chalcogenide refers to a class of compounds containing elements from group 16 of the periodic table, which includes sulfur...

Sapphire crystal refers to a transparent, single-crystal form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) known as corundum. It is one of the...

Quantum confinement refers to the phenomenon in quantum mechanics where the motion of charge carriers, such as electrons or...

A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...

An electronic display in which a flat screen is formed by an orthogonal array of display devices, such as electroluminescent...

A fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is a type of gyroscope that uses the interference of light waves to detect changes in...

Etaloning is an optical phenomenon that occurs in imaging systems, particularly in devices such as spectrometers,...

A phase screen, in the context of optics and wave optics, refers to a surface or medium that introduces a phase delay to an...

A high-speed network or subnetwork that provides a connection between servers and data storage devices.

Freeform optics refers to the design and fabrication of optical surfaces that do not follow traditional symmetric shapes,...

An optical assembly refers to a collection of optical components that are carefully arranged and aligned to perform a...

Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...

Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...

An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...

A GRIN (gradient index) lens is a type of optical lens that utilizes a gradient in refractive index across its volume rather...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics and biomedical research to obtain...

Phase matching is a crucial concept in the field of optics, particularly in nonlinear optics and the generation of coherent...

Micro-LED (micro-light-emitting diode) refers to a technology that involves the use of very small light-emitting diodes to...

An optical instrument used to track and image a test vehicle (target) throughout its flight. The cinesextant frequently...

Blaze height typically refers to a parameter in the context of diffraction gratings, which are optical devices consisting of...

That property of certain optical devices, e.g., a penta prism, that maintains the angular relationship between the entering...

A breakout cable, also known as a fan-out cable or breakout assembly, is a type of cable that combines multiple individual...

The field of view (FOV) refers to the extent of the observable world or the visible area that can be seen at any given...

CoaXPress (CoaXPress or CXP) is a standardized digital interface and communication protocol used primarily in machine vision...

In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....

A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....

A device used to count objects that pass a given point by allowing each object to obstruct a beam of light falling on a...

Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...

Birefringence is an optical property of certain materials that causes them to exhibit different refractive indices for light...

Laser optics refers to a broad category of optical components and systems designed for manipulating and controlling laser...

A detector-Dewar assembly typically refers to a combination of a detector and a Dewar flask used in scientific instruments,...

An LED (light-emitting diode) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...

Photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in photolithography processes, particularly in the fabrication of...

A family of semiconductor switching devices of which the silicon-controlled rectifier and the triac are most commonly used....

In optics, a motion controller refers to a device or system that precisely controls the movement of optical components, such...

Machine vision, also known as computer vision or computer sight, refers to the technology that enables machines, typically...

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

Laser drift typically refers to a phenomenon where the frequency or wavelength of a laser source gradually changes over...

In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from...

Photonics contract manufacturing refers to the outsourcing of the production of photonics-related components, devices, or...

Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet radiation with shorter wavelengths than those of visible...

A tiny lens (as small as 100 µm in diameter) used to focus light on charge-coupled devices, formed by heating a...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

Diffraction efficiency is a measure of how effectively a diffractive optical element (DOE) or diffraction grating directs...

Oleophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or resist oils. The word oleophobic comes from the...

Photolithography is a key process in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and...

A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...

A photomask, also known simply as a mask or reticle, is a key component in the photolithography process used in...

A waveguide is a physical structure or device that is designed to confine and guide electromagnetic waves, such as radio...

An optical clock is a highly precise and advanced timekeeping device that relies on the oscillations of electromagnetic...

Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...

Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...

An antireflection coating (AR coating) is a thin film or coating applied to optical surfaces, such as lenses or windows, to...

A magnon is a quasiparticle representing a quantized spin wave in a magnetic material. In other words, it is a collective...

Die bonding is a critical process in semiconductor manufacturing and microelectronics assembly, where a semiconductor die or...

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...

A well controlled thin films technique for growing films with good crystal structure in ultra high vacuum environments at...

A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...

Embedded vision refers to the integration of computer vision technologies into various embedded systems, devices, or...

Calorimetry is a branch of science that involves the measurement of heat flow in physical or chemical processes. It...

Process developed for the production of high-resolution patterns in electro- and magneto-optics. These high-generation...

Laser light show effects equipment including optics and mechanical devices that reflect, position or distort the laser beam,...

Retroreflection is a phenomenon in optics where light is reflected back toward its source, typically in a direction nearly...

Referred to as SWCNTs, these cylindrical nanostructures composed of a folded sheet of graphene can be used as near-infrared...

Freeform mirrors refer to reflective optical components that deviate from traditional symmetric or rotationally symmetric...

In optics, degreasers or ultrasonic arrangements used for removing pitch, cement or polishing material from lenses during...

A molded lens is an optical lens manufactured using a molding process, typically involving the shaping of a material, such...

A holographic camera, also known as a holographic imaging system or holographic recorder, is a specialized device used to...

Average wavelength usually determined for light-transmitting devices by taking a weighted average for each wavelength of the...

An etalon is an optical device that consists of two parallel reflecting surfaces separated by a precise and known distance....

1. The branch of physics that deals with the use of electrical energy to create or manipulate light waves, generally by...

An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...

A microlens array is a grid-like structure composed of numerous small lenses, typically arranged in a regular pattern. Each...

A fluorescent screen refers to a phosphorescent or fluorescent-coated surface that emits visible light when exposed to other...

A device used to measure the opening time of a shutter. The most common devices depend on the charging or discharging of an...

A Fresnel lens is a type of optical lens that consists of a series of concentric grooves or steps carved into a flat, thin...

Germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) refers to a specific range of UV radiation that has disinfectant properties capable of killing...

Camera Link HS (high speed) is a standard developed for high-speed digital data transmission in machine vision and...

A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...

A computerized token-passing local area network (LAN) configuration adopted by General Motors for real time control over the...

The unwanted and unpredictable fluctuations that distort a received signal and hence tend to obscure the desired message....

A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...

Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...

Optical glass refers to a type of glass specifically engineered and manufactured for use in optical components and systems,...

A metalens, short for "metasurface lens," is a type of optical lens that uses nanostructured materials to manipulate light...

Infrared (IR) refers to the region of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths longer than those of visible light, but...

GigE, short for gigabit Ethernet, refers to a standard for high-speed Ethernet communication, capable of transmitting data...

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) refers to a phenomenon in wave physics, particularly in optics, where waves, such as light or...

Photovoltaic (PV) refers to a technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductors. The term...

A nanotube, also known as a nanotubule or simply a tube-like structure, is a nanoscale cylindrical structure composed of...

An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...

Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...

An optical matrix that does not require perfection in both states of the crosspoint, so that all the optical switches can be...

A cylindrical lens is an optical component that has different curvatures along its two orthogonal axes, resulting in a shape...

The use of atoms, molecules and molecular-scale structures to enhance existing technology and develop new materials and...

A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...

Linear receive optics typically refers to the optical components and systems used in the reception (detection) of linearly...

A grating beamsplitter is an optical device that utilizes the principles of diffraction to split a beam of light into...

A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...

The internet of things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects...

The use of head-mounted displays and body-operated remote actuators to control distant machinery. Provides a virtual...

Medical lasers are devices that produce intense beams of light with specific characteristics and properties, which are used...

Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...

Whole slide imaging (WSI), also known as virtual slide microscopy or digital pathology, is a technology that involves the...

A display standard no longer in use and originally defined for IBM PCs, with 640 3 480 pixels in 16 colors and a 4:3 aspect...

Ultrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, typically above...

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) refers to a specific range of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum....

A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...

An adhesive used for bonding optical elements or for holding devices.

A photovoltaic cell, commonly known as a solar cell, is a semiconductor device that directly converts light energy into...

A ruticon is an opto-electronic device in which light going through it can be modulated by an electric field. The...

A CMOS image sensor, short for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor, is a type of semiconductor device used...

An optical circuit, either monolithic or hybrid, composed of active and passive components, used for coupling between...

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...

The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...

A photonic crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) refers to a type of laser diode that emits light from its surface rather...

A photovoltaic device that consists of multiple p-n junctions to produce a greater efficiency when in use than that of...

Interferometric modulator display (IMOD) is a type of display technology used in electronic devices, known for its energy...

Directed energy refers to a type of energy that is emitted and transferred in a controlled direction. The term is often...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

A device used to control or block a light beam by means of the Kerr electro-optical effect, and other electro-optic devices...

Complex devices, often involving a computer, in which a photograph is scanned by a point of light, the amplitude of the...

Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...

An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...

I/O stands for input/output. In computing, it refers to the communication between a computer system or program and its...

Linear optics refers to the study and manipulation of light in a linear and deterministic manner, where the response of...

A phase reflection scanner that eliminates the need for a complex translation device while maintaining a high-energy-density...

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

Cathode radiant sensitivity refers to the ability of a photocathode to convert incident radiant energy, typically in the...

An infrared light source is a device that emits light in the infrared spectrum, which lies beyond the visible spectrum of...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

Attosecond photonics sources refer to devices or systems that generate extremely short pulses of light on the order of...

An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...

Neuromorphic refers to the design and development of computing systems or devices that are inspired by the structure and...

The process whereby white light is separated into its component wavelengths. Light beams of different wavelengths are...

A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than...

A microcomb, short for microresonator frequency comb, is a novel photonic device that generates a precise series of evenly...

A semiconductor platelet laser that emits a coherent image by means of plane optical pumping over the platelet surface, and...

A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...

An OLED display that has an integrated electronic backplane as its substrate. Active-matrix OLED displays use at least two...

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....

Ferroelectric materials are a type of dielectric materials that exhibit spontaneous electric polarization, meaning they...

The use of photonic devices rather than electronic devices to make connections within and between integrated circuits.

Fresnel reflection refers to the reflection of light at the interface between two different media with different refractive...

Piezoelectric transducers are devices that utilize the piezoelectric effect to convert electrical energy into mechanical...

A colorimeter is a device used to measure and quantify the color characteristics of an object or a light source. It provides...

A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

Loss mechanisms that degrade the performance of all thin-film optical devices by removing radiant flux out of the specular...

GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...

The random noise having a spectral density that is substantially independent of the frequency over a specified frequency...

Optical fiber is a thin, flexible, transparent strand or filament made of glass or plastic used for transmitting light...

Pixel pitch refers to the distance between the centers of two adjacent pixels on a display screen or imaging sensor. It is...

Topological photonics is a branch of physics and optics that explores the application of topological concepts to the...

Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...

In optics, the Pockels effect refers to the phenomenon where the refractive index of a material changes in response to an...

Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...