The luminance portion of a composite video signal, i.e., the portion of the signal that corresponds to the brightness of the image apart from any color value, giving a monochrome, or gray scale, image.

In cosmology, a star that exhibits a rapid increase in the magnitude of light, which is followed by a slow decrease in...

The term used in reference to vacuum systems using oil and diffusion pumps, describes the migration of pump fluids and their...

Rolling shutter artifacts are distortions or visual anomalies that can occur in images or videos captured by cameras with...

The simplest lens in which all primary aberrations may be corrected. It consists of two positive crown elements on either...

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

Gram-positive bacteria are a group of bacteria that have a thick cell wall composed primarily of a substance called...

A single positive lens or group of lenses used in a projection system to collect light from a source and cause it to...

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...

A positive lens located at or close to an intermediate image plane. The collector refracts off-axis light bundles, directing...

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves using a laser to excite molecules or atoms,...

Basically, a hydrogen atom with two alterations, positronium is the lightest atom in the universe and has an extremely light...

A forerunner of the modern camera, this instrument had a focusable lens that produced a sharp image on the enclosure...

Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...

The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is an optical device used for measuring the wavefront aberrations of an optical system....

The degree to which a predetermined or previous setting of a positioning device can be duplicated by observance of the...

A low-power (2x to 10x) magnifier consisting of a single positive lens assembly.

A method of thin-film deposition in which electrons boiled off a heated cathode are used to melt the coating material. If a...

A galvanometric scanner, also known as a galvanometer scanner or galvo scanner, is a type of optical scanning device used to...

Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently...

An amplifying device with a wide tuning range in which an electron gun sends a beam of electrons into a slow-wave structure....

In astronomy, the relation that states that the intensity of a star's visible radiation is inversely proportional to the...

The underexposed collodion that is present on a glass negative as a positive when backed with material.

A projection printer that is capable of reproducing a multiplicity of images from a master transparency on a single support...

An instrument that uses a blackened silver-disc reflector with a shutter to create temperature fluctuations that are...

The greatest luminosity possible for a specified chromaticity.

The term delta error (delta-E) generally refers to the difference or change in error between two values or states. The word...

A mold for glass or plastics often made of stainless steel to prevent pitting or oxidation in service. It is polished to the...

A straight line, real or imaginary, passing through a body and indicating its center; a line so positioned that various...

A solar cell that is lightweight and flexible because of its construction by vacuum deposition of a semiconductor material...

The deposition of a metallic coating, usually nickel, on a component by chemical means rather than by electroplating; the...

An amorphous film in which cylindrical bubbles of reverse magnetization can be formed to follow circuit paths usually made...

A method used in surface quality testing for accurate positioning and rotation of metal spheres about an axis or fixed point...

A fiber optic preform is a cylindrical glass rod or tube used as the starting material for manufacturing optical fibers. It...

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry to obtain IR spectra of samples....

The direct appreciation of the distance between a given object and the observer, or between the front and back of a solid...

A superposition of many zone plates, each reconstructing a real and virtual point image at the appropriate locations upon...

Anisotropy refers to the property of exhibiting different values or characteristics when measured in different directions....

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...

Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of...

A slight displacement in the position of a spectral line because of an alteration in frequency, as a result, in turn, of a...

The combination of two waves having the same frequency and amplitude and traveling in opposite directions. Standing waves...

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

The superimposing of holographic pages in a thick, erasable storage material by changing the reference and object beams....

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...

A form of an element that cannot demonstrate optical activity as a result of dextrogyrate and levogyrate effects that are...

Liquid marble refers to a unique form of microscale liquid encapsulation, where small droplets of liquid are coated with a...

A perfectly diffusing surface; the intensity of the light emanating in a given direction from any small surface component is...

An interferometer spectrometer designed to measure thicknesses of thin films or layers by recording the interferogram and by...

A refracting telescope that yields an erect image by the use of a positive lens for its objective and a negative lens for...

A near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the absorption, transmission, or reflection...

Laser texturing is a manufacturing process that involves using a laser beam to selectively modify the surface of a material,...

Relative power distribution as a function of position or angle.

A filter, partially opaque to near-ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation, that may be made by exposing and processing...

The position and shape of the image of a point source, as predicted by geometric optics alone. The geometric image is to be...

The process or device by which more than one signal can be sent over a single channel by using different time intervals for...

A device designed to measure linear or rotary motion by detection of the movement of markings on a transparent medium past a...

The study of the celestial bodies, relative to x-ray emission. Satellites launched to study x-ray sources have revealed many...

A type of fatigue found in optical fibers, caused by water or another corroding agent.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive analytical technique that uses the near-infrared region of the...

Raman spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry and physics to study vibrational, rotational, and other...

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...

A fiber optic imaging bundle is a specialized optical device composed of multiple optical fibers bundled together. Each...

Contour mapping technique that involves positioning a grating close to an object and observing its shadow on the object...

In optics, a plane that emits a flux proportional to the cosine of the angle of the normal; dense opal glass is an example.

Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to obtain high-resolution,...

A holographic grating is a type of diffraction grating that is produced using holographic recording techniques. It consists...

A spectral signature, in the context of remote sensing and spectroscopy, refers to the unique pattern or characteristic...

An etalon is an optical device that consists of two parallel reflecting surfaces separated by a precise and known distance....

1. Attribute of a visual sensation that permits a judgment to be made of the amount of pure chromatic color present. 2. The...

The graph of the oscillating variations composing the wave of a video signal.

The movement of particles or ions in a solution toward the electrode having the opposite sign because of the application of...

An optical table, also known as an optical bench or an optical breadboard, is a specialized platform used in optics...

A critical image parameter in applications where object position may change dynamically relative to the imager; this is a...

Also known as zonal axis. The axis positioned through the center of a crystal that is parallel to a zone edge.

A device used in the sputtering of thin films, in which a magnet system on the back of the cathode deflects the electrons,...

A metal tool used to grind lenses with loose abrasive (see diamond cutting tool). The functional surface of the lap is...

An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...

A crystal consisting of a substance that has the ability to become electrically polarized and has strong piezoelectric...

A polygonal mirror, also known as a multifaceted mirror or facet mirror, is a type of optical component used in various...

A vacuum tube with an electron gun at one end and a fluorescent screen at the other. Electrons emitted from a heated...

A process used in document copying and printing that involves the visible rendering of an invisible electrostatic image on a...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

Infrared radiation absorbed by crystals as a result of the excitation of lattice vibrations in which ions having opposite...

Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eyes and visual system....

Average wavelength usually determined for light-transmitting devices by taking a weighted average for each wavelength of the...

A device designed to concentrate and direct a light source by enclosing the source in it and using a concave reflector to...

Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...

In positioning, the friction that prevents immediate motion when force is first applied to a body or surface at rest.

Quality or state of being luminous.

A process used to control thickness and parallelism precisely during the production of plane-parallel plates. Elements are...

A nonluminous area around a negatively charged probe that is inserted into the positive column of an arc or glow discharge.

A support device in which a column or chamber of air permits the free travel of a mobile part. In optical mounting and...

Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity, based on the notion that electrons with opposite momentum and spin...

Hyperchromic shift refers to an increase in the absorption of light, leading to a higher absorbance, often observed in...

The use of a plasma to induce the formation of oxides in the production of graded-index optical fibers.

Computer vision enables computers to interpret and make decisions based on visual data, such as images and videos. It...

Nanopositioning refers to the precise and controlled movement or manipulation of objects or components at the nanometer...

1. A contour map of a photographic deposit consisting of lines and curves that join points of equal density. 2. The...

Backscatter refers to the phenomenon in which radiation or waves are scattered backward, opposite to the direction of the...

The detection and measurement of nuclear and x-ray radiation.

A film applied to a coated or uncoated optical surface primarily for protecting this surface from mechanical abrasion, from...

An optical interference coating, vacuum-deposited on a circular substrate, whose transmission characteristics may be varied...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

After putting a thick photographic emulsion on a front-faced mirror, and exposing the emulsion to monochromatic incident...

The photographing of a scene from positions corresponding to the locations of both eyes. A viewing device is used to present...

In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within...

A 30-60-90° spectrograph prism that is coated on the surface opposite the 60° angle with a reflecting film.

A nonlinear label-free imaging technique commonly used during surgical procedures for the visualization of collagen fibers...

In micropositioning, a remote positioning device in which an electric current drives a movable armature mounted on an...

A sputtering target is a solid material used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

Hydrophilic is a term used to describe substances or materials that have an affinity for water. The word hydrophilic comes...

In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...

Broadband dielectric mirrors, also known as broadband mirrors, are optical coatings designed to efficiently reflect or...

Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...

A surface that obeys Lambert's cosine law and has a reflectance of unity.

In the context of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing, a wafer refers to a thin, flat disk or substrate made of a...

In photolithography, an opaque material used in masks that has a lower optical density and grainier composition than chrome.

A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...

Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...

The active control of various aspects (optical element position, airspace thickness, etc.) of an optical system that...

Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex...

A device, either visual or electronic, that emits signals to identify set positions for use in the navigation of aircraft...

Glass of special composition that is melted, formed into desired shapes, and subjected to a high-temperature treatment in...

A point cloud is a set of data points in a three-dimensional coordinate system, where each point represents a specific...

The superposition of satellite or aerial images with a map in order to process and remove distortion. Uses reference points...

A robotic process commonly employed by automakers that enables high-speed and flexible production throughput by using...

A laser cavity, also known as an optical cavity or resonator, is a fundamental component of a laser system. It is a confined...

A shift in the apparent position of an object when an optical element is added or removed.

A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...

A technique for determining the nonlinear optical properties of a sample material by moving the sample through a focused...

A set of algorithms used to study the structural and spatial characteristics of objects in a digitized image for...

A state in which an image is distorted by an optical system.

Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...

High-precision motorized positioning device, often linked to computer control equipment.

A graph of the intersections of a fan of rays with the final image plane, plotted as a function of the positions of the rays...

Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...

A diverging lens is a type of lens that causes parallel rays of light to spread out or diverge. It is thinner in the center...

A small section of the surface of a sensor corresponding to a single pixel in the image.

Also known as gas focusing. The introduction of an inert gas into a cathode-ray tube for the concentration of the electron...

An electron tube that is used as a camera tube for a television system. When the picture to be transmitted is focused on a...

A thin layer of metal deposited on the surface of a substrate. The film may serve as a reflector, beamsplitter, neutral...

The method of disintegrating the substance of the cathode by bombarding it with ions and depositing it on another electrode...

The two points on the principal axis of a mirror or lens so positioned that light emitted from either point will be focused...

In positioning, rotation about the line of sight or direction of travel.

Optical glass refers to a type of glass specifically engineered and manufactured for use in optical components and systems,...

A frame taken to identify electronic noise in a CCD imaging device. A dark frame is recorded without exposing the CCD to any...

1. In a plane Cartesian coordinate system, the vertical axis orthogonal to the X-axis. 2. In a quartz crystal structure, the...

An automatic camera that can record reduced images of documents at a rate of up to 30,000 documents per hour by having the...

A dichroic coating, also known as a dichroic filter or dichroic mirror, is an optical coating designed to selectively...

A device that uses four electrodes set in an alternating positive-negative polarity series to focus the beams of charged...

A device used in thin-film deposition; the material to be evaporated is placed in a crucible that is heated inductively by...

A convex or positive lens that serves to collect energy and direct it into subsequent system optics.

coma, fifth order aberration with on-axis focal point variation with incident off axis ray height position

Ultrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, typically above...

A device that couples a light source to an optical fiber by projecting an image of the source and the fiber core onto a...

A microdensitometer that contains a scanning stage to provide simultaneous representations of position vs. density.

A technique for depositing a material coating on metal, ceramic, semiconductor or polymer substrates. The interaction of...

Also referred to as a band-stop or band rejection filter; a notch filter is a filter that is designed to screen out a very...

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

A high-contrast transparency of the gas sought, or an array of exit slits that correlates with some features of the...

A device that calibrates the size, position or distance of objects imaged on a video screen.

A wide-field multiobject spectroscopy system used in astronomy, in which a bundle of low-loss optical fibers positioned on...

The field of view seen through some types of coincidence rangefinders. It is formed by the juxtaposition of opposite halves...

A type of copying camera in which the object is placed on a horizontal easel and photographed by a horizontal camera above...

Volumetric imaging refers to the capture, visualization, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) information from a volume of...

Sets of lenses (positive, negative and cylindrical) usually mounted in circular rims suitable for slipping into trial...

In vacuum deposition, a device that removes contaminants from the vacuum chamber.

An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...

In optics, the term image jump refers to a displacement or shift in the apparent position of an image when a change occurs...

A telescope so manufactured that the image remains erect and the position of the eyepiece is unchanged as the line of sight...

An interferometer constructed to be positioned on a telescope to measure the angular separation of the components of double...

In positioning, in-plane rotation about the vertical axis. Also known as azimuth.

Sputtering equipment is machinery used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

An accurate metal prism or plane parallel plate that is cemented to an optical element and remains with it during a series...

Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring substances. These...

A compound crystal having two or more crystals or crystal sections that, when regularly positioned, are in reverse position...

A filter designed to decrease the luminosity of the sky without decreasing that of the landscape in the foreground. A filter...

Reactive evaporation refers to a process in thin-film deposition where a material is deposited onto a substrate through...

A microscope design that involves apertures inserted in conjugate plane positions inside the microscope, with one aperture...

Modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) is a technique used in the fabrication of optical fibers. It is a specialized form...

In physics, the law of reversibility is often associated with the concept of reversibility in thermodynamics. The law...

A well controlled thin films technique for growing films with good crystal structure in ultra high vacuum environments at...

A lamp used in projection that is made with a reflector built into the bulb, normally by coating a portion of its interior...

A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...

Carbonization is a process in which organic materials are heated in the absence of air, leading to the decomposition of the...

Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a group of super-resolution microscopy techniques that surpass the...

Sapphire optical fiber is a type of optical fiber made from single-crystal sapphire, which is a form of aluminum oxide...

1. The negative electrode of a device in an electrical circuit. 2. The positive electrode of a primary cell or storage...

A small defocused Galilean telescope mounted in a hole in a door. Viewed from inside through the positive lens, a wide-angle...

An image of an object that appears above the object's true position as the result of abnormal refraction of the image rays...

An optical assembly refers to a collection of optical components that are carefully arranged and aligned to perform a...

A medical imaging device that uses a ring of crystal/photomultiplier tube assemblies encircling the patient to detect gamma...

The application of photography, with the exception of radiography, to obtain pictures of parts or the whole of a patient to...

A camera that uses multiple exposures to record the trajectory of an ordnance from a ground-level position.

1. The use of an electronic microdensitometer to measure points of equal density on a photographic deposit. 2. A technique...

The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...

An ion carrying a positive charge and thus attracted to the cathode during electrolysis.

A device used to detect and measure the quantity of exposure to nuclear or x-ray radiation, and dependent on the fact that...

1. In optics, the ability of a lens system to reproduce the points, lines and surfaces in an object as separate entities in...

Ablation applied to polymers and chemical solids. Process of material removal that minimizes edge damage but will not heat...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics and biomedical research to obtain...

The rule stating that positive uniaxial crystals have greater absorption with respect to the extraordinary component of...

One of two types of solar time - the other being apparent solar time - the mean solar time is the time measured by the...

A wedge in a rangefinder or heightfinder used to displace the image produced by one telescope so that it coincides with that...

The change in position of the image of a sine wave object from its ideal position. Usually measured in degrees with...

A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information...

The indistinct rainbow that may sometimes be observed outside the distinct primary bow and that has its colors in opposite...

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a manufacturing process that involves creating three-dimensional...

Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...

A positioning drive that rotates a fraction of a 360° turn when the motor coils are activated, resulting in linear or...

A transparent block shaped accurately to reverse curvatures of the components it is used to test. By contacting an...

A plane in which an image is formed. A real image formed by a positive lens would be visible upon a screen located in this...

A monochromator is an optical instrument used to isolate and select a narrow range of wavelengths from a broader spectrum of...

Successive layering of resistive, dielectric and conductive inks on a substrate by a type of screening process.

Two oppositely charged particles.

In the context of thin film deposition processes such as evaporation or sputtering, masks are used to selectively deposit...

The splitting or shifting of spectral lines or energy levels caused by the application of a strong transverse electrical...

Able to rotate the plane of polarization of a transmitted, plane-polarized light beam clockwise as seen by a viewer looking...

Coating carried out in a sealed chamber evacuated by a mechanical pump in series with an oil diffusion pump to a pressure...

Excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) refers to a medical procedure used in the treatment of coronary artery disease....

A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the intensity of light at various wavelengths in the...

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for high-resolution, in vivo imaging...

An optical combiner, in the context of optics and display technologies, refers to a device or component that combines...

Die bonding is a critical process in semiconductor manufacturing and microelectronics assembly, where a semiconductor die or...

The color process that is used to form positive color cine films by dye transfer or imbibition, based on the use of separate...

In optics, "mode beating" refers to an interference phenomenon that can occur in laser systems with multiple longitudinal...

An astronomical mirror, also known as a telescope mirror or primary mirror, is a key component of a reflecting telescope. It...

A fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is a type of gyroscope that uses the interference of light waves to detect changes in...

Also referred to as the opposition surge, the opposition effect is a photometric phenomenon in which a rough retroreflective...

Piezoelectric transducers are devices that utilize the piezoelectric effect to convert electrical energy into mechanical...

In coherent optical communications systems, a laser used at the receiving end to produce a steady wave that is combined with...

Obeying Lambert's cosine law.

A vacuum deposition method in which the coating material (target) is removed from the surface of the coating source...

A junction between semiconductors that differ in their doping level conductivities but not in their atomic or alloy...

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

An imaging system designed to highlight small deviations in a planar reflective object such as a mirror. The system can be...

Deep ultraviolet (DUV or deep-UV) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet light with shorter wavelengths than those in the...

Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...

Automated optical inspection (AOI) is a technology used in manufacturing processes, particularly in electronics, to...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

A specific method for measuring the diameter of irregular shaped particles, Martin's diameter is the measured distance...

A chemical used in the developing of positive photographs that incites oxidation and thereby dissolves the negative silver...

A ground-based navigation beacon that emits pulsed signals which are picked up by aircraft making an instrument (blind)...

Translucent collector developed to compensate for the partial blocking of a flat surface's collection angle that normally...

A visible laser beam generated coaxially with an infrared or other invisible laser beam to aid in its positioning.

A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...

The term "Rydberg atom" refers to an atom in a highly excited state where one or more of its electrons are in a Rydberg...

A laser or laser system positioned within an enclosure to prevent dangerous optical radiation from leaving the enclosure.

The high-speed electrons and positrons emitted by radioactive materials.

An absorption peak refers to a sharp increase or spike in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a particular...

Ellipsometry is an optical technique used to characterize the properties of thin films and surfaces. It is based on the...

A crucible made of electrically resistive material through which a current is passed to heat the material inside, which then...

Concave is an adjective used to describe a surface or shape that curves inward or has a hollow or recessed appearance. In...

An optical projection device designed to project positive color transparencies onto a screen for viewing.

Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...

A lens mounting with eccentric rings that may be rotated to shift the axis of the lens to a prescribed position.

An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...

A wide-angle lens is a type of camera lens that has a shorter focal length than a standard or normal lens, allowing it to...

The term perovskite refers to a specific crystal structure commonly found in various materials. Perovskite structures have a...

In an optical rangefinder, the system of wedges that rotate in opposite directions to aid in the detection of deviation in...

Essentially, a hologram of a hologram, in which the first-generation hologram is masked with a narrow slit. During image...

A system mounted a few inches above a moving plane that consists of a light source, lenses and one or more phototubes. In...

Lenslike composition of stacked glass cylinders through which a spot of light appears as a streak perpendicular to the...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

Property of a substance whose volume elements differ in composition and optical properties.

A process by which high-quality fiber optics are made. See axial vapor-phase deposition.

Laser peening is a surface enhancement technique used to improve the mechanical properties of materials, particularly...

A formula indicating that, for an imaging lens system, the image brightness for off-axis points will fall off at a rate...

The site behind the lens system in a camera where photographic media are positioned for exposure.

A crystal defect that is a combination of a vacancy and an interstitial created by the removal of an ion from a lattice and...

A device used for measuring the height of clouds from a position on the ground. Measurement technique uses a vertically...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

The multiple beam form of Brewster's fringes formed when the two plane-parallel plates have high-reflecting surfaces.

In morphological image processing, a series of erosions followed by the same number of dilations.

A detector's ability to sense an object on the opposite side of a thin but opaque barrier such as cardboard.

A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...

An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a device used to modulate the amplitude, phase, or polarization of light waves using an...

A family of semiconductor switching devices of which the silicon-controlled rectifier and the triac are most commonly used....

A type of fiber optic sensor that detects alteration in position, distance, pressure, liquid level or temperature by...

A confocal resonator, also known as a confocal cavity or confocal laser resonator, is a type of optical resonator...

That property of a substance that determines that all components of volume are the same in composition and optical...

The degradation of the facets in a laser diode due to the intensity of radiation.

A fiber optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to detect and measure physical, chemical, biological, or...

Whole slide imaging (WSI), also known as virtual slide microscopy or digital pathology, is a technology that involves the...

Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by the presence of suspended particles. These...

The production of a positron-electron pair by a photon having energy greater than one mega-electron-volt, whereby some of...

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

Plasma-enriched deposition or planar magnetic sputtering that offers increased deposition rates in optical thin-film...

A composite derived from aluminum alloy powder and silicon carbide, used as an optical substrate in air- and spacecraft...

A sapphire window refers to a transparent optical component made from sapphire crystal. Sapphire is a single-crystal form of...

A system of modular mechanical components for building precision optical systems. The basic equipment includes a variety of...

A regular, periodic, geometric array of points corresponding to the positions of the atoms in a perfect crystal.

A type of stereoscopic photography in which a pair of lenses focuses a pair of images, relative to the positions of the two...

An optical system of variable focal length, the focal plane remaining in a fixed position. This result is achieved by moving...

A two-flux theory in which the radiation is assumed to be composed of two oppositely directed radiation fluxes through a...

A defect in an optical system that prevents rays from reaching their intended destination; it can be caused by an undersized...

A method used in imaging to detect subtle differences between two apparently similar pictures. It can be achieved by...

Electric polarization characterized by homogeneous polar dielectrics and ascribed to the position of the permanent molecular...

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

A parallel plate of glass in such a position that the refracted and reflected rays of incident parallel light are mutually...

A test for spherical aberration, coma or astigmatism in which incident rays from a point source are isolated by small holes...

Thin-film deposition equipment refers to machinery and tools used in the process of depositing thin layers of material onto...

An adhesive whose viscosity decreases as the temperature is increased to a limit. Canada balsam, resin and pitch are...

The focal length of a lens is the distance between the lens's optical center (or principal point) and the image sensor or...

A bench with instrumentation including a collimator, a microscope, positioners and a nodal slide used to rotate a lens about...

The positive ion current created in an electron tube as a result of the collisions between electrons and residual gas...

A metal box with an opal glass front enclosing a lamp, used for viewing color transparencies or x-ray films.

A vapor-phase oxidation process for fabricating graded-index optical fibers. It differs from outside vapor phase deposition...

In positioning, rotation about an axis normal to the line of sight. Also known as attitude.

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of seventeen chemical elements found in the Earth's crust, characterized by their...

Two 30° prisms that are used to produce constant deviation when rotated by equal and opposite angles.

Anisotropic is a term used to describe a material or substance that exhibits different properties or behaviors in different...

A thin layer of a substance deposited on an insulating base in a vacuum by a microelectronic process. Thin films are most...

1. In relation to cathode-ray tube displays, errors in the signal's amplitude, phase or both that result in small, rapid...

Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...

Laser lithotripsy is a medical procedure that uses laser energy to break down or fragment stones in various parts of the...

Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...

1. A defect inherent in a multiple-axis positioning system whereby an adjustment of one axis causes an undesired change in...

The structure that holds the photographic negative in a proper position that is both flat and parallel to the lens plane, as...

The term quantum refers to the fundamental unit or discrete amount of a physical quantity involved in interactions at the...

A digital imaging method whereby the first gray level in the ordered sequence and the position of the first lengths of all...

Lithography is a key process used in microfabrication and semiconductor manufacturing to create intricate patterns on the...

A technique that combines two or more imaging processes in order to minimize the disadvantages within each of the...

Law relating the illuminance (or irradiance) of a surface to the cosine of the angle, q, between the normal to the surface...

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons and, as a result, carries a negative or positive charge.

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) refers to a technology used in the fabrication of integrated circuits,...

A junction between semiconductors that differ in their doping level conductivities, and also in their atomic or alloy...

The analysis and measurement of celestial bodies, their motions and positions.

In computer graphics, the point on the display screen where the electron beam is located before the display instruction is...

A spectrophotometer that measures the amount of ozone in the atmosphere through a comparison of solar energy at two...

In morphological image processing, a series of dilations followed by the same number of erosions.

Refers to transistors in which the working current flows through two types of semiconductor material: N- and P-type. In...

An electrochemical process of metal fabrication using an electrolyte, an anode to supply the metal, and a control of the...

An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...

1. In optics, the bending of light rays toward each other, as by a convex or positive lens. 2. Turning in the eyes to view a...

A vision defect commonly referred to as farsightedness. Results when the image of a distant object is focused beyond the...

Often referred to as the geometric center of a given image or image plane, the centroid of an image is a fixed point located...

A lens made from transparent plastic material. Lenses over 31/2 in. in diameter are usually machined, ground and polished....

1. A device used in chemistry to compare the colors of solutions held in flat-bottomed tubes and viewed along the length of...

Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...

Type of solid-state display tube in which the readout surface is coated with a material that changes color when positively...

A spectral phenomenon in which the degree of the photoresponse of an illuminated semiconductor is determined by the...

A photon-counting instrument for use in both space-borne and ground-based photometric and spectroscopic instrumentation....

Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...

In dry etching, a method of characterizing the composition of solid materials such as metal. Atoms in the OES technique are...

A positively charged particle emitted from the nucleus of an unstable isotope, characterized by two protons and two...

An instrumental technique that utilizes the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles as recorded from a mass spectrometer...

Plot of spectral luminous efficiency vs. wavelength.

A fluid having three components: a carrier fluid, magnetite particles suspended by Brownian motion and a stabilizer to...

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method of secure communication that utilizes principles from quantum mechanics to...

A camera used to reduce originals onto film for easy storage. There are two basic types: one in which the film is fixed...

Graphene is a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal...

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a method for detecting antigens or haptens in cells of a tissue section by using labeled...

A development aimed at extending the life of a tungsten filament. The iodine vapor in the lamp envelope combines with the...

In analysis, the carbon layer that is evaporation-deposited on a specimen to protect and ready it for study by electron...

A method of depositing crystalline films one molecular layer at a time, by dipping the substrate into water containing a...

A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...

Measurement estimated from the position of the image's centroid.

Literally the opposite of resonance, antiresonance occurs when any variation in excitation frequency results in an increased...

Any photographic medium that, when chemically developed, produces an exact photographic reproduction of the original.

A system in which a sequence of direct measurements of the target position is fed into a tracking filter that may produce...

A hologram that is illuminated by a source opposite the viewer.

A colorless, crystalline compound whose low refractive index (n = 1.38) makes it effective as a lens antireflection coating...

A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....

A shutter in which the opening and closing times for a large aperture setting occupy a substantial fraction of the total...

A noncontact, nondestructive method of measuring defects in thin composite materials, using a xenon flashtube to generate...

Videography refers to the process of capturing moving images and recording them in a digital format. It involves the use of...

A noncontact sensor used in the remote measurement of position, speed or other variables of moving parts.

1. The process of wearing down the surface of a softer material by rubbing it under pressure against the surface of a harder...

The nonluminous area that divides the negative glow from the positive column in a Crookes tube under conditions of moderate...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique used in medical and scientific fields to capture...

A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...

A device used to take turbidimetric or nephelometric measurements by considering the contrast between a constant brightness...

A charged elementary particle of an atom; the term is most commonly used in reference to the negatively charged particle...

Swept-source optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...

In optics, a collapsible structure situated between the lens and film of a camera to allow variation of the distance between...

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...

A positive after-image that is maintained for a minute or more.

A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...

Also known as cathode rays. Formerly, this term described a stream of electrons emitted from the cathode of a gas-discharge...

An optical instrument for forming the spectrum of a light source and recording it on a film. The dispersing medium may be a...

A Michelson-type interference microscope used to produce interference patterns of reflective specimens through the...

The superimposition of a pilot object on each hologram. The fixed relative position of the scanning and pilot beam during...

Chromatic aberration is an optical phenomenon that occurs when different wavelengths (colors) of light are refracted by a...

The exact mathematical description of the interactions of matter and intense electromagnetic fields, such as those that...

Hyperspectral resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in the spectral information captured by a...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

A device for measuring linear dimensions. The optical caliper generally consists of two circularly mounted mirrors whose...

A convention that defines specific dimensions of an optical system, such as the image distance or radius of curvature of a...

Process in which two or more lights are combined by superposition.

A specific type of photographic plate designed with only a small amount of gelatin to function in the extreme ultraviolet...

A high-resolution imaging instrument that can detect and measure the positions of individual atoms on the surface of a...

A fusion system conductor capable of carrying current in opposite directions in alternating time phases.

An instrument consisting essentially of a tube 160 mm long, with an objective lens at the distant end and an eyepiece at the...

In micropositioning systems, motion (most frequently undesired) about the Z-axis.

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a nondestructive analytical technique used to investigate the optical properties...

The projection of the image beam by a cathode-ray tube through a mask, where it is deflected through the suitable character...

The improper exposure of a radiation-sensitive medium that results when there is too much radiation exposing the medium, or...

The apparent luminosity or glow that immediately envelops the cathode in a gas-discharge tube operating at low pressures....

A telescope that corrects dispersion and spherical aberration through the use of one or more lenses, usually smaller than...

A lens aberration, resulting from different magnifications in the various lens zones, that occurs in that part of the image...

In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...

The photochemical reaction of light present in the decomposition of a substance.

Piezoresistance is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where the electrical resistance of a material changes in...

One or more thin-film layers of optical material deposited on a mirror blank/substrate in order to enhance the way that...

A type of birefringent filter, similar in principle to the Lyot filter, consisting of many identical birefringent elements,...

Minimum object distance, often abbreviated as MOD, refers to the closest distance at which a camera lens or optical system...

The representation of arbitrary functions as the superposition of sinusoidal functions whereby the representations...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Photogrammetry is a technique used to obtain accurate three-dimensional measurements of objects and environments through the...

Combining adjacent pixels into one larger pixel, resulting in increased sensitivity and lower resolution, or, in image...

A MEMS fiber optic switch is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device designed to selectively route optical signals...

In chemistry, a halide refers to a chemical compound containing one or more halogen atoms bonded to another element. The...

A CRT screen on which two phosphors differing in color and persistence are deposited.

A photoconductive cell having greatest sensitivity in the infrared region. The photosensitive material of the cell is lead...

A photocathode that receives radiation from one side and emits a photoelectric current from the opposite side.

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...

An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...

A mathematical transformation used in image and video compression that changes two-dimensional representation of data into...

A measure of the optical path length for light traveling from the sun or other celestial source through Earth's atmosphere...

An infrared source, set in a stationary position, that is used as a reference in certain navigational systems.

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

Ultraviolet reflectance refers to the ability of a material or surface to reflect UV light. Ultraviolet light is...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

A set of mirrors along a telescope's polar axis designed to redirect light to a fixed position without being affected by the...

A glass-ceramic material developed in Russia. Astrosital resembles Zerodur in terms of its ultralow thermal expansion. Other...

A linear positioning stage, also known as a linear stage or translation stage, is a precision mechanical device used to...

Trade name for a type of borosilicate glass manufactured by Corning Glass Works, noted for its low coefficient of thermal...

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful imaging instrument used in scientific research, materials...

A technique for improving the structure density of thin-film coatings by bombarding the growing film with accelerated ions...

Transformation of an image, such as a change in position or scale, that does not alter the linearity of the original image.

A photon sieve is an optical device used in the field of optics and imaging. It's designed to focus and shape light,...

An emission spectrum is a graphical representation or a characteristic pattern of the wavelengths or frequencies of light...

The process whereby blanks are attached to a block in a position for grinding or polishing.

A photodetector mounted in the same package as a laser diode that is positioned to monitor the output from the rear facet of...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, single-stranded RNA molecules, typically consisting of about 19 to 24 nucleotides,...

Micro-optics refers to the design, fabrication, and application of optical components and systems at a microscale level....

Gamma ray radiation released when matter and antimatter, such as electron and positron, unite and eliminate each other,...

A device (e.g., prisms, lenses, tubes) used to align a beam in a system.

A telescope that is fixed or has a limited degree of movement in a vertical plane; primarily used to determine the position...

Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...

A polarizing prism consisting of two calcite prisms cemented such that they deviate the two emerging beams (which are...

A precision positioning device used to produce rotary motion.

A measuring instrument used for surface profiling and quantifying the roughness of a material. The stylus is placed on the...

A mirage that consists of an image of an object appearing below its true position as the result of abnormal refraction by...

A crystal, glass, or quartz slicing and cutting machine is a specialized piece of equipment used in the manufacturing...

An emulsion in which grains of the photosensitive material silver halide are deposited. Each grain, when exposed to light,...

A mirror mount is a mechanical device used to secure and precisely position mirrors in optical systems. Mirrors are...

A variation of tomography, which is a means of visualizing any one of a large set of parallel planes in the patient. A...

A type of compensator for use with a microscope and consisting of a quarter-wave plate in a fixed position and a rotatable...

Multiple exposures of holograms, one for each position of a vibrating image, that are used for vibration analysis and that...

A positioning slide mechanism with two rows of alternately crisscrossed cylindrical rollers.

Laser light show effects equipment including optics and mechanical devices that reflect, position or distort the laser beam,...

In optics and photonics, "phase" refers to a property of electromagnetic waves, such as light, that describes the position...

The criterion maintaining that if light follows a specific path through an optical system, it will, if reversed, traverse...

The angle at which photoelectric sensors are aligned to prevent light from being reflected back to the sensor from the...

Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum mechanics where two or more particles become correlated to such an extent...

A ring laser gyroscope (RLG) is a type of gyroscope that uses laser light to detect and measure changes in orientation. It...

A mechanism in a camera designed to position the film in the focal plane for exposure.

The dielectric coefficient parallel to the director in a liquid crystal display (LCD), rather than perpendicular to the...

The pattern, formed by a character generation cathode-ray tube system, in which the characters are made up of wave shapes...

A nanotube, also known as a nanotubule or simply a tube-like structure, is a nanoscale cylindrical structure composed of...

Chemical vapor deposition is a process of applying dopants to a glass bait by flame reactions of gaseous compounds. See also...

An accurately produced hole of any size and shape that is used as a masking device in an optical system. Pinhole apertures...

The series of processes used to identify and evaluate crystal structure by using crystalline solids to diffract x-rays. In...

A crystal diode whose rectifying activity is determined by the touching of the crystal to a finely pointed wire surrounded...

The positioning of two Nicol prisms so that their axes are at right angles to each other. With this arrangement, light...

In optics, the process of combining two lenses having equal and opposite powers to produce a result having no power.

Photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in photolithography processes, particularly in the fabrication of...

A Cassegrain telescope having a parabolic primary mirror, a spherical secondary mirror and a zero-power doublet in the...

An artificial material, engineered to have a negative refractive index value, such that light or any other form of...

An experimental lens used to produce interference fringes. A positive lens is cut into halves along its center, and the...

A device used to detect and measure small amounts of rotation. The rotating object contains a reflecting surface from which...

A type of video signal in which the luminance and chrominance portions of the signal, or the luma and chroma, have been...

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

In optics, the changing of the relative curves of a lens without changing its refractive value.

The substrate upon which a diffraction grating will be ruled. It must be dimensionally stable, and the surface must be...

A chemical detection technique used to measure molecules that have a magnetic dipole moment. The analysis is directed to...

A device used to compare the luminous intensities of two sources by locating a point between the two light sources where the...

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

A method of growing single crystals in which atoms and molecules from gaseous organic compounds interact and form a layer on...

A mirror whose percent reflectance varies as a function of position on the mirror surface.

A type of erasable data storage device that uses a medium deposited on the disc in two layers, each dyed to absorb a...

A laser radar application in which a sequence of direct measurements of target position is fed into a tracking filter to...

A uniaxial, birefringent crystal having an ordinary ray with a higher velocity than the extraordinary ray.

Thin-film coatings are layers of material applied to the surface of an object or substrate, typically to modify its optical,...

A cylindrical lens is an optical component that has different curvatures along its two orthogonal axes, resulting in a shape...

A filter that controls the spectral composition of transmitted energy partially by the effects of interference. Frequently,...

A digital imaging method whereby the first gray level of each sequential point-by-point sample and its position in the...

In optics, the production of maxima and minima by the superimposition of two sets of interference fringes from light of two...

An optical clock is a highly precise and advanced timekeeping device that relies on the oscillations of electromagnetic...

MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a superresolution microscopy technique that enables imaging of...

Also known as cathode-ray tube grid or shield. A cylindrically shaped electrode that, containing the cathode of a...

Convex is an adjective used to describe a surface or shape that curves outward, bulges, or has a rounded and outwardly...

Flux per unit solid angle leaving a surface in any direction is proportional to the cosine of the angle between that...

Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...

In its natural or original position.

A pair of stars (double star) that can be seen separately with a telescope, generally by setting a filar micrometer for the...

A device that detects and measures the quantity of exposure to nuclear radiation. It uses a special glass rod that...

A law that uses the square of the cosine between the plane of polarization of a beam of plane-polarized light and the plane...

Pitch for polishing mixed with other materials to give it the right viscosity so that it will follow the fine-ground lens...

The term light field refers to the spatial distribution of light rays traveling in all directions through a given space. It...

An electrophoretic display, often referred to as an electronic paper display or e-paper display, is a type of electronic...

A Risley prism, also known as a Risley prism pair or Risley rotating prism, is an optical device used for controlling the...

Epitaxial refers to the growth of a crystalline layer on a crystalline substrate in such a way that the orientation of the...

In optics, a motion controller refers to a device or system that precisely controls the movement of optical components, such...

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a powerful microscopy technique that uses a beam of electrons to create...

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), is a manufacturing process that builds three-dimensional objects...

Multi-axis alignment refers to the process of aligning or adjusting components or systems in multiple spatial dimensions or...

A tabulation of predicted positions that have been calculated for one or more celestial bodies or orbiting satellites.

A GRIN (gradient index) lens is a type of optical lens that utilizes a gradient in refractive index across its volume rather...

A transducer composed of more than one high-pass, bandpass, low-pass or band-elimination filter.

Histology is the branch of biology and medicine that involves the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs...

Total number of characters available to each position of a digital numeric system.

Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...

A microcircuit whose passive components consist of a ceramic-metal combination deposited on a given substrate by screening...

A powerful method, referred to as FCS, for determining the average diffusion coefficients of fluorescent molecules in...

A technique based on the principles of laser trapping and used to manipulate the position of small particles by gradually...

Mie scattering, named after the German physicist Gustav Mie, refers to the scattering of electromagnetic radiation (such as...

Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...

Characterizes an Earth-orbiting satellite whose orbit plane is near polar and positioned at an altitude that allows it to...

In interferometry, the result of superimposing two wavefronts of identical shape, yielding a uniform intensity interference...

A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that extends traditional Raman spectroscopy by incorporating...

A position inside a crystal lattice that is not one of the proper lattice sites in the crystal. Impurity ions of the proper...

Optical elements, often created by micromachining, lithography or vacuum deposition, that rely on diffraction of the...

The Mills Cross telescope is a two dimensional radio telescope in which the two antenna arrays are positioned perpendicular...

A panel of photoconductive and electroluminescent layers used as either a positive or negative image intensifier, depending...

A spectroradiometer is a device used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths across the electromagnetic...

An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a high-resolution imaging and measurement instrument used in nanotechnology, materials...

Linear optics refers to the study and manipulation of light in a linear and deterministic manner, where the response of...

A dielectric sphere with an index of refraction that varies with distance from the sphere center. A parallel beam of rays is...

In the optical shop, the process of positioning and marking a blank or lens before surfacing, cutting and edging.

Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...

A retroreflector is an optical device or structure that reflects incident light or electromagnetic waves back to their...

A method for measuring the index profile of an optical fiber by measuring the reflectance as a function of position on the...

Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from...

Laser ablation is a process that involves the removal or erosion of material from a target surface using laser energy. This...

Optical coatings are thin layers of materials applied to optical components, such as lenses, mirrors, filters, and prisms,...

Photolithography is a key process in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and...

A self-healing, index-matching, nonporous coating for optical components that can eliminate production difficulties and...

The use of photographic emulsions to detect and determine the amounts of ionizing radiation, such as x-rays and gamma rays,...

A strong, heat-resistant glass that contains a minimum of 5 percent boric oxide.

A filter that passes a series of wavelength regions that are at equal distances from one another, such that its output...

Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...

Quantum-enhanced metrology refers to the use of quantum mechanics principles and techniques to enhance the precision and...

A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...

The light spectrum formed by an explosive reaction or by the electrical explosion of a metallic wire by a strong current.

Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...

In a laser, the optical resonator formed by two coaxial mirrors, one totally and one partially reflective, positioned so...

A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...

Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...

Positioning generally refers to the determination or identification of the location or placement of an object, person, or...

A phase-shift interferometer used to detect the relative angular speeds or positions of two concentric rotors.

A number that indicates the magnitude of the shift in a solid of positive and negative charges in opposite directions when a...

Any of the various methods of decomposing a signal into a set of coefficients of orthogonal waveforms (trigonometric...

A short focal length (less than five inches) positive lens used to produce a magnified image of the object being viewed....

Injecting a gas (usually nitrogen) with a very low moisture content into the body of an optical instrument to create a...

A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...

The all-encompassing noise associated with a given environment, usually being a composite of a number of sources, far and...

A memory device consisting of thin disks of a magnetic substance deposited on a nonmagnetic substrate for use in a computer.

A circuit whose passive components are deposited on a given substrate by sputtering or vacuum processes.

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

High dynamic range (HDR) refers to a technology that allows for a broader and more dynamic range of luminosity in visual...

Method for reducing laser speckle in which the object field comes from a real diffuse object or the reconstructed object...

A beamsplitter is an optical device for dividing a beam into two or more separate beams. A simple beamsplitter may be a very...

The angular spectrum approach is a mathematical and computational technique used in the field of optics to analyze and...

The luminosity that remains in a rarefied gas after an electrodeless discharge has traversed the gas.

A highly reflective mirror that is usually flat on one surface and curved on the other, and that has silver, gold or...

A solid-state semiconducting structure (basically one of the bolometers) that changes electrical resistance with...

A variation from standard physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating techniques, magnetron sputtering is a plasma coating...

In communcations and video signals, the portion of a composite signal between the leading edge of the horizontal blanking...

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a therapeutic approach that utilizes the combination of light, a photosensitizer, and...

Refers to the transistors in which the working current flows through only one type of semiconductor material, either P-type...

In television, a lateral displacement of the lines from their normal position due to the instability of a synchronizing...

The film used in photographic dosimetry to record the types and amounts of ionizing radiation, such as x-rays and gamma...

In image processing, a morphology operator in which a structuring element or probe of a particular shape is moved over the...

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...

Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...

A filter used in photography to change the spectral composition of light entering a camera, or to adjust color balance...

An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...

Quantum sensing refers to a class of sensing technologies that leverage principles from quantum mechanics to enhance the...

The process, used with a positive photoresist, in which the photoresist is immersed in developing chemicals while being...