Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to obtain high-resolution, three-dimensional images of the surfaces of solid specimens. SEM achieves this by using a focused beam of electrons to scan the...

Lens which, by altering the phase, efficiently images through a holographic process.

An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...

A moving group of fluid-suspended biological species directed through separate channels by which the population is isolated....

Holography is a technique used to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images using the principles of interference and...

A splice accomplished by the application of localized heat sufficient to fuse or melt the ends of two lengths of optical...

A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...

A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....

Deep ultraviolet (DUV or deep-UV) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet light with shorter wavelengths than those in the...

A detector-Dewar assembly typically refers to a combination of a detector and a Dewar flask used in scientific instruments,...

A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...

A custom optic refers to an optical component that is designed, manufactured, and tailored to meet specific requirements or...

Photoconductive antenna (PCA) is a semiconductor element that generates or detects high-frequency electromagnetic signals....

Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...

Laser ablation is a process that involves the removal or erosion of material from a target surface using laser energy. This...

E.I. duPont's trade name for a polyester film. The most practical beamsplitter for use beyond the 15-µm wavelength...

The science of all complex elements of atomic and molecular spectra, and the interaction of radiation and matter.

An equation that uses the wavelength of light passing through a medium, along with a set of coefficients, to calculate the...

The Golgi staining technique (also called the black reaction) makes it possible to look at the nervous system by rendering...

A distributed feedback laser (DFB laser) is a type of semiconductor laser diode designed to emit coherent, narrow-bandwidth...

Descriptive of an optical fiber having a core refractive index that decreases almost parabolically and radially outward...

The theory established by Christian J. Doppler in 1842 that states that the rate of change in distance between a perceiver...

Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...

Photoelastic equipment and supplies refer to instruments and materials used in photoelasticity, a technique used to analyze...

A line-scan camera, also known as a line-scan image sensor or linear array camera, is a type of digital camera designed to...

An InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) camera is a type of imaging device that utilizes InGaAs sensors to capture images in the...

The collection and detection of x-rays by virtue of their ionizing properties. The ionization may be perceived directly by a...

Particle acceleration refers to the process by which charged particles, such as electrons or protons, gain kinetic energy...

An acronym for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Predecessor to the laser, the maser or...

Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) refers to a technology that converts heat energy into electricity using the principles of...

The radio waves of the electromagnetic spectrum that have frequencies of up to 10,000 megacycles per second.

Liquid marble refers to a unique form of microscale liquid encapsulation, where small droplets of liquid are coated with a...

A photovoltaic cell, commonly known as a solar cell, is a semiconductor device that directly converts light energy into...

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

Diffraction efficiency is a measure of how effectively a diffractive optical element (DOE) or diffraction grating directs...

The decrease of a component's efficiency, or a reduction in a material's light sensitivity, as the result of accumulated...

The frequency domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to represent signals and data in terms of their...

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a method of achieving nuclear fusion, a process where two atomic nuclei combine to...

A crystal, glass, or quartz slicing and cutting machine is a specialized piece of equipment used in the manufacturing...

A type of solar eclipse that occurs when the sun is at perihelion and the moon is at apogee. Because the apparent size of...

A multiple-beam interferometer, usually consisting of two flat plates, with high reflective ability. The plates are set...

A phage, short for bacteriophage, is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Phages are composed of...

Hydrophilic is a term used to describe substances or materials that have an affinity for water. The word hydrophilic comes...

An Er:YAG laser is a type of solid-state laser that uses a crystal made of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet...

CID, or charge injection device, camera refers to a type of imaging device that utilizes a specific kind of solid-state...

Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex...

In a lens, the square of the radius of its aperture divided by the product of the focal length and the wavelength. It...

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...

The smallest object that may be seen, measured in terms of the angle subtended by the object measured at the eye. Also...

In optics, "mode beating" refers to an interference phenomenon that can occur in laser systems with multiple longitudinal...

Laser drift typically refers to a phenomenon where the frequency or wavelength of a laser source gradually changes over...

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...

Sputtering equipment is machinery used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

The science and technology applied to the creation of low temperatures (i.e., approaching absolute zero).

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves using a laser to excite molecules or atoms,...

In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...

An optical barcode reader, commonly known as a barcode scanner, is a device that uses optical technology to capture and...

A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...

Piezoresistance is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where the electrical resistance of a material changes in...

Abbreviated SoC. A single chip containing all the electronic circuits required for a complete, working product. SoCs are...

A Fresnel lens is a type of optical lens that consists of a series of concentric grooves or steps carved into a flat, thin...

The ratio of the radiant flux emitted by a source to the power supplied.

Chalcogenide refers to a class of compounds containing elements from group 16 of the periodic table, which includes sulfur...

Design and engineering consulting services refer to professional services provided by specialized firms or individuals to...

Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical...

A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...

An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...

An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...

Term applied to laser technology to denote an area of above-average intensity often attributable to atmospheric...

Metrology is the science and practice of measurement. It encompasses the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement,...

Hydrophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or do not readily interact with water. The word...

The spreading of potentially equal radiation frequencies that results in broadening of the spectral line. This effect is...

Process for growth of solar cells that results in rectangular shapes consisting of many interconnected cells in a series or...

A laser dye whose absorption coefficient drops at high levels of incident radiation. The phenomenon is often called...

The technology that deals with the interaction of organic materials with light and other forms of radiant energy whose...

Nanopositioning refers to the precise and controlled movement or manipulation of objects or components at the nanometer...

A polarizing prism formed from calcite that is like the Nicol prism but has the two parts divided by a thin air-film and cut...

A CIE index describing the changes in color of standard test objects when the illumination is changed from a standard to a...

An assembly of prototype instruments, equipment and/or software designed to perform all the functions of a concept or idea...

A magnetometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the strength and/or direction of a magnetic field. It can detect...

The number of unique ways in which a part can move in an alignment system. In static alignment, there are six: one in the...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

Hypothetical observer having standard color vision as described by standard color-matching properties.

A bandpass filter with piezoelectric crystal components for the passage or impedance of electrical signals of various...

Linear optics refers to the study and manipulation of light in a linear and deterministic manner, where the response of...

A retroreflector is an optical device or structure that reflects incident light or electromagnetic waves back to their...

CoaXPress (CoaXPress or CXP) is a standardized digital interface and communication protocol used primarily in machine vision...

The span of frequencies within which a single channel of broadcast television must fall; in the US, it is 6 MHz.

The science of producing, recording, storing, transmitting and displaying visual images by any system (photographic, video,...

A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...

Eye blink or head movement in response to bright light. Aversion responses such as blinking are sufficient protection from...

X-rays of one frequency or a narrow band of frequencies.

Holographic tomography is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and tomography to provide three-dimensional...

A numerical representation of the rate at which a material will exhibit dimensional changes as a direct result of changes in...

Luminescence is the emission of light that occurs without the involved substance undergoing a significant increase in...

A well plate, also known as a microplate or microtiter plate, is a flat plate with multiple small wells or depressions...

A device that produces an interferogram that can be directly related to the temperature gradient and thereby provides a...

The term photochemical pertains to chemical processes or reactions that are initiated or influenced by the absorption of...

The term perovskite refers to a specific crystal structure commonly found in various materials. Perovskite structures have a...

A compound lens combination whose astigmatic difference is zero for one or more off-axis zones in the image plane. In such a...

Standard light source representative of the quality of specified natural or artificial illumination.

A point cloud is a set of data points in a three-dimensional coordinate system, where each point represents a specific...

A silicon photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is a type of photodetector...

An astronomical telescope is a type of optical instrument designed to gather and magnify light from distant celestial...

An alexandrite laser is a solid-state laser that utilizes a synthetic crystal made from the rare earth element alexandrite...

A narrow channel created by cleaving a crystal made of alternating layers of gallium arsenide and aluminum gallium arsenide,...

Gram-positive bacteria are a group of bacteria that have a thick cell wall composed primarily of a substance called...

A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....

A lens designed for projection of color transparencies.

A beam shaper is an optical device or system designed to modify the spatial profile or intensity distribution of a laser or...

The transition cross section constant coefficient which defines the transition probability of absorption from ground to a...

Technology that relies on a highly efficient photodetector that can detect incoming light signals at one frequency and...

On the CIE chromaticity diagram, the distance from the achromatic point to the sample point, divided by the distance from...

Nonlinear optics is a branch of optics that studies the optical phenomena that occur when intense light interacts with a...

The efficiency of scattering by an atom in a particular direction, expressed as: where AA is the amplitude of the wave from...

An electrowetting display (EWD) is a type of electronic display technology that utilizes the principles of electrowetting to...

Laser annealing is a process that involves using a laser beam to heat and modify the microstructure of a material, typically...

A diffraction grating with lines and grooves formed so as to concentrate the radiation of a particular wavelength into one...

Computation of tristimulus values by integrating or summing, over the visible wavelength region, the product of the relative...

The application of observed operational processes of sophisticated living organisms to mechanical and electrical systems in...

Measure of the amount of light that is transmitted, relative to the amount lost by absorption or reflection.

A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...

A device for measuring diffraction grating efficiency at any angle of incidence, consisting of a reflectometer wherein the...

Anisotropic is a term used to describe a material or substance that exhibits different properties or behaviors in different...

A calorimetric calculation from which the temperature vs. time dependence of any point on a sample can be determined,...

A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the intensity of light at various wavelengths in the...

A light source made up of silicon carbide or carborundum. It is resistant to the negative temperature coefficient and...

That length over which energy in two separate waves remains constant. With respect to a laser, the greatest distance between...

Three proportional coefficients labeled Am, Bmn, and Bnm, that respectively characterize the rate of spontaneous emission,...

Computerized lens design algorithm that permits the lens MTF characteristic to be included and controlled during the...

A process of forming ions within a given molecular species by incident laser light. The molecular species may remain intact,...

A reflector having a surface that has been superpolished to reduce residual sleeks and scratches and microroughness so that...

Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...

High harmonic generation (HHG) refers to a nonlinear optical process in which intense laser light interacts with a gaseous...

An interferometer that uses a laser as its light source. The purely monochromatic nature of the laser results in improved...

Remote inspection refers to the process of inspecting, evaluating, or monitoring assets, equipment, infrastructure, or...

Anisotropy refers to the property of exhibiting different values or characteristics when measured in different directions....

An accelerometer is a sensor or transducer that measures the rate of change of velocity of an object, or in simpler terms,...

Volumetric imaging refers to the capture, visualization, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) information from a volume of...

A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...

Line scan refers to a method of capturing images or data by scanning a single line at a time, as opposed to capturing the...

A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...

A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a type of electronic image sensor used in various imaging devices, including digital...

The ratio of emitted optical power of a source to the input electrical power.

A fiber optic transceiver, often simply referred to as an "optical transceiver," is a device used in fiber optic...

Certain color centers in the alkali halides have been optically pumped to produce efficient tunable pulsed and...

A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...

Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

Optical design software refers to specialized computer programs used by optical engineers, physicists, and designers to...

A camera tube widely used in television broadcasting. It consists of three sections within a single vacuum envelope. 1. A...

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, also known as Nomarski interference contrast microscopy, is an optical...

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

A contraction of "excited dimer." The term refers to an excited species made by combination of two identical atoms...

Pushbroom scanning is a technique used in remote sensing and imaging systems, particularly in satellite and aerial sensors,...

Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...

Intravital microscopy is an imaging technique used to visualize biological processes within living organisms, typically in...

Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...

Surface analysis by means of photon induced electron emission. PEM methods provide high lateral resolution of the observed...

A material often used in the construction of optical instruments because of its low coefficient of thermal expansion (0.9 x...

A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...

Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...

Methodology for specifying color based on the CIE sources, observers, and coordinate system.

1. With respect to radiation, a device used to attenuate particular wavelengths or frequencies while passing others with...

Expression of the nondimensional coefficient of the heat transfer in a convection process.

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a nondestructive analytical technique used to investigate the optical properties...

A device for which the output electric field is linearly proportional to the input electric field, and no new wavelengths or...

A powerful method, referred to as FCS, for determining the average diffusion coefficients of fluorescent molecules in...

A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...

The science of interfacing surfaces in moving contact, which includes areas such as friction, lubrication and wear.

Q-switched operation, or q-switching, is a technique used in lasers to produce short and intense pulses of light. The term...

Proportions of standard primaries (tristimulus values) required for a color match; ratios of each tristimulus value of a...

Diamond turning refers to a precision machining process used to produce complex optical components, particularly lenses and...

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures changes in hemoglobin...

Plot of spectral luminous efficiency vs. wavelength.

An optical projection device designed to project positive color transparencies onto a screen for viewing.

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...

A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....

An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...

The term "metaverse" refers to a collective virtual shared space, created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical...

Mode hopping in the context of lasers refers to a phenomenon where a laser system abruptly switches from one longitudinal...

An optical clock is a highly precise and advanced timekeeping device that relies on the oscillations of electromagnetic...

Any of the various methods of decomposing a signal into a set of coefficients of orthogonal waveforms (trigonometric...

A blank area (caused by insufficient inking of the paper) that falls within the range of an intended character stroke in an...

The use of mathematical analysis to derive solutions in the science of photogrammetry.

Transparencies that represent progressive steps in the amount of transmitted radiation for administering predetermined...

Parametric measurement for elliptical fiber and cable expressed as a ratio of the two-directional flow of power through the...

In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from...

In physics, the law of reversibility is often associated with the concept of reversibility in thermodynamics. The law...

Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...

MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...

Relation between a material's transport rate and the material's concentration gradient and the diffusion coefficient.

A YAG crystal refers to a solid-state crystal made of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), which is a synthetic crystalline...

A gas laser having a mixture of gases that makes it useful in the lab. The mixture of gases flows through a pressure and...

A system designed with a laser as a light source and a means for producing sound waves extending beyond 100 MHz to deflect...

A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...

Spectral power distribution representing a standard source of illumination, which may be real or hypothetical.

Whole slide imaging (WSI), also known as virtual slide microscopy or digital pathology, is a technology that involves the...

Photovoltaic (PV) refers to a technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductors. The term...

A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The...

An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...

The Weissenberg method, named after the German physicist Karl Weissenberg, is a technique used in x-ray crystallography for...

Equipment for testing an observer's color vision. Some tests require the identification or ordering of colored samples. The...

Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of...

An imaging device whose technology contributes three specific advantages: ability to study large solid specimens that...

Freeform optics refers to the design and fabrication of optical surfaces that do not follow traditional symmetric shapes,...

The portion of light scattered when traveling through a unit thickness of material.

Photogrammetry is a technique used to obtain accurate three-dimensional measurements of objects and environments through the...

A photoreceptor material used in solar cells and in drums for laser printers and high-speed copiers because of its high...

A type of recording material, usually a photodielectric polymer, offering in situ development mechanisms because of its...

Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to...

Coherent source used for analysis of excited state species.

A surgical device used to deliver laser light. Specifically,contact tips are made with artificially grown sapphire which is...

The gas of charged particles that begins approximately 50 km above the surface of the Earth and contains a sufficient...

A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...

The study concerned with the stimulation of chemical activity by laser light as a result of the absorption of photons by a...

A nanotube, also known as a nanotubule or simply a tube-like structure, is a nanoscale cylindrical structure composed of...

A lack of resolution in a television image as a result of smear ghosts or an insufficiently high video-frequency response....

In image processing, the enhancement of an image by increasing or decreasing its spatial frequencies.

Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...

In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....

Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...

The number of electrons emitted per photon incident upon a photodetector.

A laser cavity, also known as an optical cavity or resonator, is a fundamental component of a laser system. It is a confined...

A spectroradiometer is a device used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths across the electromagnetic...

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

The naturally occurring crystalline form of silicon dioxide. It is slightly birefringent and exhibits rotary dispersion of...

Piezoelectric transducers are devices that utilize the piezoelectric effect to convert electrical energy into mechanical...

Distortion of the high frequencies of a signal. In television, the term generally applies to frequencies above the 15.7 kHz...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

Parallel scanning refers to a method of acquiring data or images simultaneously from multiple sources or in parallel, rather...

1. An optical device used for projection of enlarged images of transparencies or lantern slides on a screen. 2. A device...

A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...

A projector used to project transparencies. A horizontal 8 x 10-in. stage for writing or laying down preformed...

The slope of the curve when output is plotted against input for quantum efficiency in a device.

A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...

The distortion created because the different frequencies of a signal have different propagation velocities through a medium.

Infrared radiation absorbed by crystals as a result of the excitation of lattice vibrations in which ions having opposite...

Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...

A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) is an electronic circuit that converts a time interval between two events into an...

Resonance can be defined in various contexts, including physics, chemistry, and music. Here are definitions for resonance in...

A CCD that has been reduced in thickness by etching so that light passes through the back layers of the CCD. This type of...

A network interface card (NIC), also known as a network adapter or LAN adapter, is a hardware component that allows...

More efficient than the Foucault knife-edge test, this test examines curved mirrors by using a transmission grating with 40...

Three-photon microscopy is an advanced imaging technique that belongs to the family of multi-photon microscopy methods. It...

An atomic clock is a highly precise timekeeping device that uses the vibrations or oscillations of atoms as a reference for...

Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a medical treatment approach that combines elements of phototherapy and immunotherapy to target...

An instrument consisting essentially of a photoelectric cell filtered to respond to a specified wavelength region, an...

A laser having a rare-earth chelate within a plastic host as the lasing material. The chelate laser is easily pumped and has...

A device for measuring absorption coefficients in which a confined, nonabsorbing gas fills the space inside the cell between...

Graphene is a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal...

The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...

Also known as amplification. 1. The increase in a signal that is transmitted from one point to another through an amplifier....

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...

A polygonal mirror, also known as a multifaceted mirror or facet mirror, is a type of optical component used in various...

The technology of manipulating light on a micro scale. In optical communications, this is usually accomplished using two or...

A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...

Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by the presence of suspended particles. These...

1. A framelike structure that serves to restrict the viewing area of the screen when placed before a television picture...

The range of frequencies that will pass through a filter or other device. Synonymous with passband.

Also known as RAMP microscopy, random access multiphoton microscopy is a microscopic technique that uses multiple...

A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...

A lens is a transparent optical device that focuses or diverges light, allowing it to pass through and form an image. Lenses...

A group of frequencies or wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum which exhibits resonance or energy contributions near...

Gain-switching is a technique used in lasers to generate short pulses of light by modulating the gain of the laser medium....

A grating with very coarse rulings to match the long wavelengths in the far-infrared region. In the most efficient ruling...

A bundle of filaments of optical glass or other transparent materials that transmit only light, not optical images. The...

Laser marking is a process in which a laser beam is used to mark or engrave a surface by altering its properties or...

Dichroism refers to the property of certain materials to exhibit different colors or absorbance of light depending on the...

A metalens, short for "metasurface lens," is a type of optical lens that uses nanostructured materials to manipulate light...

The internet of things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects...

Linear receive optics typically refers to the optical components and systems used in the reception (detection) of linearly...

An efficient, readily soluble blue-green laser dye.

A broadband filter is an electronic or electromagnetic device designed to pass a range of frequencies or signals within a...

Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, the international commission on illumination.

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

A micro-ring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...

A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...

Photometry is the branch of science that deals with the measurement of light, particularly in terms of its intensity and the...

Phase distortion refers to a change in the phase relationships between different frequency components of a signal. In the...

GigE, short for gigabit Ethernet, refers to a standard for high-speed Ethernet communication, capable of transmitting data...

A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite characterized by its standardized size and modular design. CubeSats are...

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are substances or compounds used to enhance the thermal conductivity between two surfaces...

A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information...

Optical fiber is a thin, flexible, transparent strand or filament made of glass or plastic used for transmitting light...

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) refers to a specific range of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum....

Ultrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, typically above...

Neuromorphic refers to the design and development of computing systems or devices that are inspired by the structure and...

The angular spectrum approach is a mathematical and computational technique used in the field of optics to analyze and...

A measure of the total light passed by a shutter during an exposure, compared with the light that could be passed by an...

A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...

Ratio of the molecular diffusion coefficients of momentum in terms of heat; used in convection studies.

LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...

A collector for photovoltaic power generation that consists of a thin plate that strongly absorbs sunlight striking its...

An eyepiece located at the near end of the microscope tube. It often is a simple Huygens eyepiece, but compensating and...

Method for studying absorption coefficients of low-loss materials, in which a sample is allowed to come to thermal...

Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or...

Flow chemistry, also known as continuous-flow chemistry, is a chemical manufacturing process where reactions take place in a...

Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique used in medical and scientific fields to capture...

Interferometric modulator display (IMOD) is a type of display technology used in electronic devices, known for its energy...

Mode-locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of picoseconds,...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

Any filter in which the range of frequencies within a chosen radius suffers no attenuation and the range of frequencies...

Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) is a technique used in laser physics to amplify ultrashort laser pulses to high energies...

The signal formed when two signals, such as light waves, of different frequencies are present simultaneously in a nonlinear...

A flowmeter is a device used to measure the flow rate or quantity of a fluid passing through a particular point in a system....

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

The radiation-free transition that takes place within an ion, in which inner-shell vacancies in neutral atoms are filled by...

The term light field refers to the spatial distribution of light rays traveling in all directions through a given space. It...

A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...

In optics, the conduction of radiant energy through a medium. Often denotes the percentage of energy passing through an...

A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...

A Risley prism, also known as a Risley prism pair or Risley rotating prism, is an optical device used for controlling the...

Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...

A Peltier cooler, also known as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) or thermoelectric module, is a solid-state device that uses...

A holographic camera, also known as a holographic imaging system or holographic recorder, is a specialized device used to...

The real part of the axial propagation constant for a particular mode. The attenuation coefficient for the mode power is...

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) refers to a technology used in the fabrication of integrated circuits,...

A prism is a geometric optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light. It is typically a solid, transparent...

A dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF) refers to a type of optical fiber designed to minimize the effects of chromatic dispersion,...

An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a device used to modulate the amplitude, phase, or polarization of light waves using an...

Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...

The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...

In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...

Film that produces color negatives or transparencies by the use of three emulsions, one coated over the other, that are each...

A probe card is a testing device used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry to evaluate and test the electrical...

State typically studied in liquid crystals in which the dielectric coefficient parallel to the director is less than the...

Harmonic generation refers to a nonlinear optical process in which incoming photons interact with a material and produce new...

A screen composed of a sheet of diffusing plastic material that reveals excellent image detail for close viewing. It is...

A holographic grating is a type of diffraction grating that is produced using holographic recording techniques. It consists...

A photofluorescent compound that, when used with a scintillating substance, absorbs photons and emits related photons having...

A diagram in which the variable frequencies of a spectral band system are plotted corresponding to ascending values of the...

Quantum-enhanced metrology refers to the use of quantum mechanics principles and techniques to enhance the precision and...

An array of optically distinct fibers that are fused into one strand. They are used to keep the resolution efficiency of the...

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...

Optical glass refers to a type of glass specifically engineered and manufactured for use in optical components and systems,...

An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Broadening of a laser's spectral linewidth when the resonance frequencies of the atoms (or molecules) of the medium are not...

A photovoltaic device that consists of multiple p-n junctions to produce a greater efficiency when in use than that of...

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced optical imaging technique used in microscopy to enhance the...

Radiation emitted when a quantum mechanical system drops spontaneously from an excited level to a lower level. This...

The dielectric coefficient parallel to the director in a liquid crystal display (LCD), rather than perpendicular to the...

The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...

The effect by which sufficiently small particles will scatter blue light at right angles to the incident beam. This...

In a pumped laser system, the ratio of output energy to pump energy.

Mie scattering, named after the German physicist Gustav Mie, refers to the scattering of electromagnetic radiation (such as...

Embedded vision refers to the integration of computer vision technologies into various embedded systems, devices, or...

Multi-axis alignment refers to the process of aligning or adjusting components or systems in multiple spatial dimensions or...

A highly accurate cathode-ray tube used to display information with the utmost efficient stability and resolution. The...

An optical combiner, in the context of optics and display technologies, refers to a device or component that combines...

Histology is the branch of biology and medicine that involves the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs...

A photonic crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) refers to a type of laser diode that emits light from its surface rather...

The science that deals with the measurement of optical absorbance (i.e. optical densities) over microscopic areas of a given...

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a therapeutic approach that utilizes the combination of light, a photosensitizer, and...

Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...

RTSP, or real-time streaming protocol, is a network control protocol designed for controlling streaming media servers. It is...

Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of...

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

A device for converting sunlight into electrical energy, consisting of a sandwich of P-type and N-type semiconducting...

Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies between 300 GHz and 10 THz, and existing between regions of the electromagnetic...

The optical Fourier transform is a mathematical operation applied to optical signals that involves transforming a spatial...

A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...

A technique for observing the decay of light emissions from sources following their pulsed excitations, based on recording...

A microlens array is a grid-like structure composed of numerous small lenses, typically arranged in a regular pattern. Each...

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a powerful microscopy technique that uses a beam of electrons to create...

Virtual histology refers to the use of digital technology and computational methods to simulate or recreate histological...

A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....

The greatest luminosity possible for a specified chromaticity.

A shift in the direction of the red in the spectral lines of light which, defined by the relativity theory, will have...

A Nernst glower, also known simply as a Nernst lamp or Nernst filament, is a type of incandescent lamp or radiant heater...

In polarization-preserving optical fibers, the element used to induce birefringence. The SAP is highly doped to provide a...

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...

A metal box with an opal glass front enclosing a lamp, used for viewing color transparencies or x-ray films.

The fraction of incident light power in an optical modulator that is available to the output beam.

In a charge-coupled device, the percentage of each charge packet that is carried over to the next stage of the transport...

Selection of specific brightness values or minimum threshold levels as contingencies for the display of digital data.

1. The range of frequencies or wavelengths over which radiations are absorbed or emitted in a transition between a specific...

A CCD image sensor, or charge-coupled device image sensor, is a type of electronic device used to convert optical images...

A confocal resonator, also known as a confocal cavity or confocal laser resonator, is a type of optical resonator...

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry to obtain IR spectra of samples....

Optical design and engineering services involve the development, customization, and optimization of optical systems and...

Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by...

A fluorescent screen refers to a phosphorescent or fluorescent-coated surface that emits visible light when exposed to other...

A copolymer of styrene and acrylic used in molded optical components; it has a high refractive index and a low coefficient...

Infrared radiation emitted from a source that is not heated sufficiently to give off visible radiation.

Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...

As applied to a device or machine, the ratio of total power input to the usable power output of the device.

The science of sensing and measuring information at some remote location and transmitting the data to a convenient location...

A waveguide is a physical structure or device that is designed to confine and guide electromagnetic waves, such as radio...

Cathode radiant sensitivity refers to the ability of a photocathode to convert incident radiant energy, typically in the...

Ratio of the radiant flux at a particular wavelength lm to that at any other wavelength l, such that both radiations produce...

Micro-LED (micro-light-emitting diode) refers to a technology that involves the use of very small light-emitting diodes to...

An ultrafast pulsed laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...

The adhesion of two sufficiently clean and close-fitting surfaces without the use of cement or glue. The optically contacted...

In optics, the term image jump refers to a displacement or shift in the apparent position of an image when a change occurs...

An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term...

A monochromator is an optical instrument used to isolate and select a narrow range of wavelengths from a broader spectrum of...

Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...

The term "excimer," strictly used, refers to excited species made by combination of two identical moieties, atoms...

The creation of free electrons within a solid by the absorption of a sufficient amount of photons. The effect produces an...

Phase matching is a crucial concept in the field of optics, particularly in nonlinear optics and the generation of coherent...

Calorimetry is a branch of science that involves the measurement of heat flow in physical or chemical processes. It...

The ratio of emitted power to input power.

A form of shearing interferometer that contains a simple wedged (plane-parallel) glass plate with a nonzero optical path...

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), is a manufacturing process that builds three-dimensional objects...

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...

Broadband dielectric mirrors, also known as broadband mirrors, are optical coatings designed to efficiently reflect or...

Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...

Optical switching refers to the process of controlling the routing or transmission of optical signals within a network using...

Extremely small organic and inorganic systems of molecules within a substance. In general, systems are colloidal size in...

Micro-robotics refers to the field of robotics that involves the design, development, and application of miniature robotic...

Method for reducing laser speckle in which the object field comes from a real diffuse object or the reconstructed object...

Backscatter refers to the phenomenon in which radiation or waves are scattered backward, opposite to the direction of the...

A reflection grating is an optical component that consists of a series of closely spaced, parallel reflecting surfaces or...

An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...

A biomarker, short for biological marker, refers to a measurable and quantifiable indicator of a biological condition,...

A microcomb, short for microresonator frequency comb, is a novel photonic device that generates a precise series of evenly...

Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...

The compression and intensification of a laser pulse of a specific width into a smaller pulse width. A spherical cavity, in...

Fraction of light counter propagating collinear with the incident source. Processes considering backscattering are Raman,...

A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...

The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where...

A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...

Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...

A finite version of Shannon's sampling theorem that states that a class of functions can be reconstructed exactly by a...

Quantum sensing refers to a class of sensing technologies that leverage principles from quantum mechanics to enhance the...

The interaction between two oscillations of unlike frequencies that forms other oscillations, specifically those with a...

Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...

The ejection of electrons from the surface of a solid by the absorption of a sufficient amount of photons.

That part of the science involved in the study of the theory and interpretation of spectra that uses the unique...

A modulator is a device or component that modifies a carrier signal in order to encode information for transmission over a...

Low Earth orbit (LEO) refers to a region in space that is relatively close to Earth's surface, typically characterized by...

A device small enough to be held in a hand that uses a magnifying lens and a translucent back to permit the viewing of...

Phototoxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by exposure to light, particularly intense or ultraviolet (UV) light, on...

In biology, particularly genetics and evolutionary biology, the phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits...

The coefficient termed by Callier as the ratio between the density of photographic negatives measured by parallel light and...

A diode with a semiconducting material, such as germanium or silicon, for one electrode, and a fine wire "whisker''...

An absorption peak refers to a sharp increase or spike in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a particular...

Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...

A mode of data transmission whereby bits of information are carried simultaneously at different frequencies over a single...

Ellipsometry is an optical technique used to characterize the properties of thin films and surfaces. It is based on the...

A fiber optic imaging bundle is a specialized optical device composed of multiple optical fibers bundled together. Each...

Topology is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the properties of space that are preserved under continuous...

A microbubble resonator is a device used in photonics and optical physics for the precise manipulation of light waves. It...

The process whereby a blank or disc is heated to a sufficiently high temperature to sag into a mold having a desired...

A colorimeter is a device used to measure and quantify the color characteristics of an object or a light source. It provides...

Sapphire crystal refers to a transparent, single-crystal form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) known as corundum. It is one of the...

A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...

An optical material used in place of crown glass to produce lenses with extraordinary correction of chromatic aberrations....

Combining light beams, usually of unlike frequencies, to form a single beam with a frequency that is equal to the frequency...

Fresnel reflection refers to the reflection of light at the interface between two different media with different refractive...

The scientific observation of celestial radiation that has reached the vicinity of Earth, and the interpretation of these...

A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...

In image processing, the result of a sampling frequency that is too slow to preserve the spatial frequencies of the image....

The ratio between two given absorption coefficients.

In chemistry, the addition of an inert substance to reduce the concentration of a species. In colorimetry, addition of white...

Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique used to study the structural characteristics of chiral (asymmetric)...

The term half bandwidth (HBW) generally refers to the width of a spectral band or frequency range at half of its maximum...

An event-based image sensor, also known as a dynamic vision sensor (DVS), is a type of digital imaging device designed to...

That branch of science involved in the study and utilization of the motion, emissions and behaviors of currents of...

Rayleigh scattering is a phenomenon that occurs when light waves interact with particles or molecules that are much smaller...

The square of the ratio of the measured detectivity to the theoretical maximum detectivity.

Location on the CIE chromaticity diagram which produces the color white for a given light source at a specified temperature.

Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...

An advanced technique that allows the detection of one molecule within a crystal or a cell through optical excitation....

Automated optical inspection (AOI) is a technology used in manufacturing processes, particularly in electronics, to...

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

A means of achieving higher peak powers and more efficient harmonic generation by narrowing the pulse width and thus...

In laser pumping, parasitic absorption that occurs at certain wavelengths, decreasing pump efficiency and gain.

Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...

A thin, stretched plastic membrane cemented to a rigid supporting ring. It may be coated to act as a beamsplitter, for...

An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...

A molded lens is an optical lens manufactured using a molding process, typically involving the shaping of a material, such...

Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...

A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...

A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...

The use of a variable transmission filter at the aperture stop of a lens to modify its diffraction pattern. Reduced...

An optical assembly refers to a collection of optical components that are carefully arranged and aligned to perform a...

Schott Glass Technologies' trade name for a glass-ceramic material with a very low coefficient of thermal expansion.

A gas, such as oxygen, that improves the speed and efficiency of a laser cutter or welder when applied to the work surface,...

The branch of science that treats light as a wave phenomenon wherein light propagation is studied by wavefronts rather than...

Power modulation refers to the intentional variation of power levels in a signal, often in the context of electronic...

The term reflective is an adjective that describes the ability of a surface or material to reflect light or other forms of...

When light is transmitted through matter, part of the light is scattered in random directions. A small part of the scattered...

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...

Pertaining to electromagnetic radiation as perceived by the eye; that is, with the contributions as wavelengths in the...

A dichroic coating, also known as a dichroic filter or dichroic mirror, is an optical coating designed to selectively...

An instrument designed to collect naturally formed extraterrestrial electromagnetic radiation within the radio frequency...

The coefficient Å in Angstrom's formula for the dispersing coefficient for dust present in the atmosphere. The formula...

Hyperspectral imaging is an advanced imaging technique that captures and processes information from across the...

Holographic quantity expressed as the ratio of the reconstructed first-order image to that of the incident reconstructing...

In digital data transmission, the separation of the two binary states into output at two frequencies.

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

Frame rate refers to the frequency at which consecutive images, or frames, are displayed in a video sequence. It is...

Irregular waves; e.g., light waves, having little coherence and a broad spectrum of frequencies.

The plane diagram produced by plotting one of the three chromaticity coordinates (X,Y,Z) against another. The most common...

In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

A filter with a transmission that is high for a particular band of frequencies, but that falls to low values above and below...

Attosecond photonics sources refer to devices or systems that generate extremely short pulses of light on the order of...

The range of frequencies over which a particular instrument is designed to function within specified limits. See also fiber...

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of...

1. The process by which an atom acquires energy sufficient to raise it to a quantum state higher than its ground state. 2....

A scientific CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera is a type of digital camera specifically designed for...

A filter that suppresses a given range of frequencies, transmitting only those above and below that band. Also called...

The wavelength or frequency corresponding to an absorption resonance with a given molecular or atomic species. The line...

Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless...

1. The decrease of the absorption (or gain) coefficient of a medium near some transition frequency when the power of the...

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...

In optics, an octave typically refers to a range of frequencies or wavelengths that spans a factor of 2. In other words,...

A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...

A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...

The scanning of photographs or transparencies of images, either by a vidicon camera or flying spot scanner, for the...

Acronym for profile resolution obtained by excitation. In its simplest form, probe involves the overlap of two...

I/O stands for input/output. In computing, it refers to the communication between a computer system or program and its...

A photodiode having a conducting grid that covers the surface of the photodiode junction and intercepts and wastes some of...

A crystalline ferroelectric material used primarily as a substrate and an active medium for thin-film optical modulators and...

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently...

Fluence is a term used in various scientific and technical disciplines to describe the amount of something per unit area....

A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...

A crystalline material with a high electro-optic coefficient, capable of operating at short wavelengths, with applications...

The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. The...

An edge-emitting light-emitting diode is a type of LED structure where light emission occurs primarily along the edge of the...

Ultraviolet reflectance refers to the ability of a material or surface to reflect UV light. Ultraviolet light is...

A neuromorphic vision sensor is a type of imaging device designed to mimic the structure and functioning of the human visual...

Optical fiber optic switches are devices used in optical fiber communication systems to selectively route optical signals...

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to measure and analyze the optical...

The rate of diminution of average optical power and the sum of the scattering and absorption coefficients.

Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...

A factor, F, indicating the increase in shot noise in an avalanche photodiode as compared with the ideal multiplier, which...

Double-clad fiber (DCF) is a specialized optical fiber that features two concentric cladding layers surrounding a core. The...

Structural color refers to coloration in materials that is not caused by pigments or dyes but is instead a result of the...

Raman spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry and physics to study vibrational, rotational, and other...

Trade name for a type of borosilicate glass manufactured by Corning Glass Works, noted for its low coefficient of thermal...

In the context of materials science and semiconductor physics, doping refers to the intentional introduction of impurities...

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a molecular biology technique used to rapidly amplify specific DNA or RNA...

An emission spectrum is a graphical representation or a characteristic pattern of the wavelengths or frequencies of light...

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method of secure communication that utilizes principles from quantum mechanics to...

An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...

A vibrational transition refers to a change in the vibrational energy of a molecule. Molecules consist of atoms that are...

Swept-source optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...

An antireflection coating (AR coating) is a thin film or coating applied to optical surfaces, such as lenses or windows, to...

An organizational method used in optical design computer programs. The technique produces one number (merit function) to...

The entrance slit, also known simply as the slit, is an essential component in optical instruments such as spectrometers and...

Blaze height typically refers to a parameter in the context of diffraction gratings, which are optical devices consisting of...

A device that is fabricated in a single piece; A device (i.e. circuit) that is operated at a single frequency or a single...

Scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) refers to a type of image sensor technology specifically designed...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

A fiber optic cable assembly refers to a complete unit consisting of optical fibers, connectors, protective jackets, and...

A spectroscopic technique in which an excitation band absorbs laser energy resulting in an electronic transition. The...

Topological photonics is a branch of physics and optics that explores the application of topological concepts to the...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

Infrared optics refer to optical components and systems designed to manipulate and control infrared (IR) light, which lies...

A self-healing, index-matching, nonporous coating for optical components that can eliminate production difficulties and...

The study and photographing of microscope specimens in ultraviolet light; using an optical microscope containing fluorite...

Ratio of radiant flux weighted according to V(l), the spectral luminous efficiency, to the corresponding radiant flux.

An infrared light source is a device that emits light in the infrared spectrum, which lies beyond the visible spectrum of...

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful imaging instrument used in scientific research, materials...

An emitter based on stimulated emission with amplification but insufficient feedback for oscillation to build up.

A form of lens assembly used in a projection system to maximize efficiency and assure uniform illumination of the object...

Brightfield refers to a type of microscopy and imaging technique in which the specimen is illuminated with a white light...

The fraction of available output from a radiant source that is coupled and transmitted by an optical fiber.

An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a high-resolution imaging and measurement instrument used in nanotechnology, materials...

A shutter in which the opening and closing times for a large aperture setting occupy a substantial fraction of the total...

A phenomenon, exploited for medical imaging, in which the nuclei of material placed in a strong magnetic field will absorb...

Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...

A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...

Fluorescence lifetime refers to the average time it takes for a fluorophore, a molecule that absorbs light at one wavelength...

1. The characteristic of how light propagates through a waveguide that can be designated by a radiation pattern in a plane...

Radiation emitted from vibrating charged particles. A combination of oscillating electrical and magnetic fields that...

The process of aligning the crystallites in a piezoelectric material by placing a large DC field across the element at an...

A MEMS fiber optic switch is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device designed to selectively route optical signals...

An optical channel monitor (OCM) is a device used in optical communication systems to monitor and analyze the performance of...

The term delta error (delta-E) generally refers to the difference or change in error between two values or states. The word...