A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single package. These modules are designed to provide a convenient and efficient means of generating a laser beam with specific...

Laser texturing is a manufacturing process that involves using a laser beam to selectively modify the surface of a material,...

Any testing method for materials and components that does not damage or destroy the test sample. Some of the methods used...

The emission of a photon by the return of an excited carrier from the conduction band to the valence band of a semiconductor...

An LED (light-emitting diode) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...

Pertaining to the possession of photoelectric characteristics as a result of the properties of the true crystal and not of...

Micro-robotics refers to the field of robotics that involves the design, development, and application of miniature robotic...

Optical fiber that transmits a greater percentage of input light than does high-loss step-index fiber. Low-loss fiber...

Filoviruses are a family of viruses that are responsible for severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and...

Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...

Pertaining to materials having the property of reflecting a part and transmitting a part of the incident radiation.

A holographic camera, also known as a holographic imaging system or holographic recorder, is a specialized device used to...

A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...

A photovoltaic cell, commonly known as a solar cell, is a semiconductor device that directly converts light energy into...

A furnace used to heat glass materials. It may be a small laboratory-type furnace for small-scale experiments or large...

1. Lines of the same color. 2. A term used in photoelastic stress analysis to refer to the interference fringes produced in...

Graphene is a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal...

Photochromic refers to a property exhibited by certain materials, typically organic compounds or dyes, which undergo...

Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to obtain high-resolution,...

That process by which radiation spontaneously emitted by a volume of optical materials is resonantly reabsorbed within the...

Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...

Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...

Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...

Optical coatings are thin layers of materials applied to optical components, such as lenses, mirrors, filters, and prisms,...

Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...

A Peltier cooler, also known as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) or thermoelectric module, is a solid-state device that uses...

A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....

Fresnel reflection refers to the reflection of light at the interface between two different media with different refractive...

Thin-film coatings are layers of material applied to the surface of an object or substrate, typically to modify its optical,...

A spectrophotometer having a prism or, more frequently, a grating for the study and recording of infrared spectra. It...

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...

Ultraviolet reflectance refers to the ability of a material or surface to reflect UV light. Ultraviolet light is...

A micro-ring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...

A phase reflection scanner that eliminates the need for a complex translation device while maintaining a high-energy-density...

Chromatic aberration is an optical phenomenon that occurs when different wavelengths (colors) of light are refracted by a...

A phonon is a quantum of vibrational energy associated with the periodic motion of atoms or molecules in a crystalline...

A combination of a polarizer and an analyzer that is used to detect birefringence or rotation of the plane of polarization...

Technique for measuring the volume bulk of materials as they move along a conveyor with an accuracy of better than 1...

The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), is a manufacturing process that builds three-dimensional objects...

A linear positioning stage, also known as a linear stage or translation stage, is a precision mechanical device used to...

The Lorentz oscillator model is a theoretical model used in physics to describe the response of a charged particle (such as...

Photoelastic equipment and supplies refer to instruments and materials used in photoelasticity, a technique used to analyze...

The soft x-rays used in the industrial radiography of materials having too small a range of densities to produce an image...

A corner cube, also known as a corner reflector or retroreflector prism, is a type of optical device used to reflect light...

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...

GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...

A method of determining the abrasion resistance of very hard materials by passing a weighted wiper blade across them in a...

A dichroic mirror, also known as a dichroic beamsplitter or interference filter beamsplitter, is an optical device that...

A polariton is a quasiparticle resulting from the strong coupling between photons (light particles) and certain types of...

Epitaxial refers to the growth of a crystalline layer on a crystalline substrate in such a way that the orientation of the...

Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers. These monomers are chemically bonded...

The direct influence of light on the magnetic susceptibility of particular materials.

Luminescence that arises from friction and that usually occurs in crystalline materials.

A long-pass filter is an optical filter that allows longer wavelengths of light to pass through while blocking or...

An optical diffuser is an optical component or material designed to scatter or diffuse light that passes through it. It is...

Referring to compound semiconductor materials combining one element that has three valence electrons with one or more that...

A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that belongs to the powder bed...

Laser sintering is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that involves using a laser to selectively fuse...

A method of designing lasers whereby the laser rod is cut into elliptical discs and cooled by running water over the disc...

The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...

Extensive data storage in the form of bits, with the use of high-resolution photographic materials and optics, and generally...

The total scattering attributable to the intrinsic properties of the materials through which an optical wave is propagating.

A beam shaper is an optical device or system designed to modify the spatial profile or intensity distribution of a laser or...

Hydrophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or do not readily interact with water. The word...

Quantum-enhanced metrology refers to the use of quantum mechanics principles and techniques to enhance the precision and...

A well plate, also known as a microplate or microtiter plate, is a flat plate with multiple small wells or depressions...

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a nondestructive analytical technique used to investigate the optical properties...

A factor of an equation of the Faraday effect, which is the rotation of the plane of light polarization by transparent...

A hydrogel is a three-dimensional network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, meaning they have a strong affinity for...

An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...

A term for thermoplastic optical materials; that is, those in which the polymer chains remain linear after heating and...

Exhibiting the characteristic of materials that are electrical insulators or in which an electric field can be sustained...

In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within...

Piezoelectric transducers are devices that utilize the piezoelectric effect to convert electrical energy into mechanical...

A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...

A test used to measure the degree of fading of different colored materials, especially those involving organic dyes, which...

An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...

Process of synthesizing long molecular chain materials (polymers) by reaction of many small molecules (usually thousands)...

Ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics to simulate the way light interacts with objects in a scene....

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

A crystal, glass, or quartz slicing and cutting machine is a specialized piece of equipment used in the manufacturing...

Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...

Primarily the measurement of photographic sensitivity of certain materials such as photographic film. It refers to the...

An optical table, also known as an optical bench or an optical breadboard, is a specialized platform used in optics...

Nanopositioning refers to the precise and controlled movement or manipulation of objects or components at the nanometer...

Optical elements that have been coated with one or more layers of dielectric, or metallic material. These coatings serve to...

Diamond turning refers to a precision machining process used to produce complex optical components, particularly lenses and...

The range of materials that, unlike glass, may be used in the infrared. Water-soluble salts, such as cesium iodide, and...

A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...

Oleophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or resist oils. The word oleophobic comes from the...

The simulation of solar radiation in the infrared and ultraviolet spectrum for the analysis of extraterrestrial sunlight and...

Laser annealing is a process that involves using a laser beam to heat and modify the microstructure of a material, typically...

Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a technique used in additive manufacturing, specifically in the field of 3D printing. It...

Ellipsometry is an optical technique used to characterize the properties of thin films and surfaces. It is based on the...

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry to obtain IR spectra of samples....

Diamond turning, also known as diamond machining or diamond cutting, is a precision machining process used to produce...

Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...

A monochromator is an optical instrument used to isolate and select a narrow range of wavelengths from a broader spectrum of...

Use of a laser to solder joints by melting the solder coatings on the mating components.

Ferroelectric materials are a type of dielectric materials that exhibit spontaneous electric polarization, meaning they...

Modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) is a technique used in the fabrication of optical fibers. It is a specialized form...

Q-switched operation, or q-switching, is a technique used in lasers to produce short and intense pulses of light. The term...

A microcomb, short for microresonator frequency comb, is a novel photonic device that generates a precise series of evenly...

A GRIN (gradient index) lens is a type of optical lens that utilizes a gradient in refractive index across its volume rather...

An area in which airborne particulates can be monitored and controlled so that given size particles do not exceed a...

A form of shearing interferometer that contains a simple wedged (plane-parallel) glass plate with a nonzero optical path...

Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by...

Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless...

A spectroscopic technique that combines the high chemical specificity of Raman scattering and signal sensitivity provided by...

A filter, partially opaque to near-ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation, that may be made by exposing and processing...

Plastic optics refers to optical components or systems that are made from transparent plastic materials, as opposed to...

In the context of materials science and semiconductor physics, doping refers to the intentional introduction of impurities...

White, tetragonal crystals used in the production of luminous coatings.

An etalon is an optical device that consists of two parallel reflecting surfaces separated by a precise and known distance....

Piezoresistance is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where the electrical resistance of a material changes in...

A crucible made of electrically resistive material through which a current is passed to heat the material inside, which then...

Popular process for silicon and polycrystalline production that consists of an alteration of the original state of a...

Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...

Backscatter refers to the phenomenon in which radiation or waves are scattered backward, opposite to the direction of the...

Birefringence of materials that is induced or altered by stress fields.

Hyperspectral imaging is an advanced imaging technique that captures and processes information from across the...

A near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the absorption, transmission, or reflection...

A lens is a transparent optical device that focuses or diverges light, allowing it to pass through and form an image. Lenses...

In the context of thin film deposition processes such as evaporation or sputtering, masks are used to selectively deposit...

A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...

A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...

Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...

The name of the mixture of liquid and grinding or polishing compounds used in processing optical materials.

A high-reflectance coating consisting of alternating layers of quarter-wave film of a higher refractive index and lower...

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of...

A Nernst glower, also known simply as a Nernst lamp or Nernst filament, is a type of incandescent lamp or radiant heater...

The use of a reflective device, which can be fashioned from a variety of materials including gases, solids, dyes, aerosols,...

An intermolecular substance that serves to hold materials together. Two types are used in the optical industry: one, which...

A fluorescent screen refers to a phosphorescent or fluorescent-coated surface that emits visible light when exposed to other...

A photodetector composed of a photoconductive material that, when exposed to radiation, conducts without the aid of added...

Quantum confinement refers to the phenomenon in quantum mechanics where the motion of charge carriers, such as electrons or...

Photovoltaic (PV) refers to a technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductors. The term...

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) refers to a phenomenon in wave physics, particularly in optics, where waves, such as light or...

A technique for improving the structure density of thin-film coatings by bombarding the growing film with accelerated ions...

A Laurent polarimeter is an instrument used in optics for measuring the rotation of plane-polarized light caused by...

A spectral signature, in the context of remote sensing and spectroscopy, refers to the unique pattern or characteristic...

A system for fabricating optical fiber, consisting of a furnace that heats the materials, a polymer coating stage, a...

The application of reversible writing with a laser beam on particular storage materials. In one method, an amorphous film is...

Pitch for polishing mixed with other materials to give it the right viscosity so that it will follow the fine-ground lens...

A sapphire window refers to a transparent optical component made from sapphire crystal. Sapphire is a single-crystal form of...

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that extends traditional Raman spectroscopy by incorporating...

Glass tinted with mixed oxides of neodymium and praseodymium that, unlike most solid materials, have absorption bands that...

A fiber splice accomplished by fixtures or materials, rather than by thermal fusion. Index matching material may be applied...

A wave in which energy is focused near a boundary separating materials having different properties. Propagation of the wave...

Chalcogenide refers to a class of compounds containing elements from group 16 of the periodic table, which includes sulfur...

A lens blank is a piece of optical material in a raw, unfinished state, typically in the form of a disk or block, from which...

An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term...

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a manufacturing process that involves creating three-dimensional...

An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...

A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...

A defect in infrared systems that appears as a dark circular area on a displayed image, caused by radiation reflecting into...

Quantum sensing refers to a class of sensing technologies that leverage principles from quantum mechanics to enhance the...

A coating made up of many layers of material having alternating high and low refractive index. In this way, it is possible...

Phase matching is a crucial concept in the field of optics, particularly in nonlinear optics and the generation of coherent...

A reagent is a substance or compound that is used in a chemical reaction to bring about a specific transformation or to...

Light diffusion refers to the process by which light is scattered or spread out in various directions as it interacts with a...

One or more thin-film layers of optical material deposited on a mirror blank/substrate in order to enhance the way that...

The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where...

In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a powerful microscopy technique that uses a beam of electrons to create...

An opaque projector is a device used for enlarging and projecting images from opaque objects such as printed pages,...

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful imaging instrument used in scientific research, materials...

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are substances or compounds used to enhance the thermal conductivity between two surfaces...

Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...

A metalens, short for "metasurface lens," is a type of optical lens that uses nanostructured materials to manipulate light...

Magneto-optics refers to the study and manipulation of the interaction between magnetic fields and light (electromagnetic...

Carbonization is a process in which organic materials are heated in the absence of air, leading to the decomposition of the...

A dichroic coating, also known as a dichroic filter or dichroic mirror, is an optical coating designed to selectively...

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, also known as Nomarski interference contrast microscopy, is an optical...

A sensitometer having a continuously controlled monochromator to measure spectral sensitivity and contrast of photographic...

The transition boundary between P-type and N-type materials in a semiconductor.

Device in which the various circuit elements are fabricated in different substrate materials and then appropriately joined...

An acid used to etch the surfaces of particular materials. For glass, hydrofluoric acid is used either as a liquid or a...

A small optical polishing machine intended for polishing the surface of a metal specimen before etching for examination...

Harmonic generation refers to a nonlinear optical process in which incoming photons interact with a material and produce new...

An absorbing coating medium between fibers, used in some fused fiber optic plates to absorb unwanted light. Such coatings...

A machine vision lens is a specialized optical lens designed for use in machine vision systems, which are used for automated...

The use of a short-duration electron beam to record high-speed events that occur in microscopic objects made of materials...

A technique used to store wavefront information on thin polarization information-recordable materials by controlling the...

A unique glass made up of nano-structured materials to create millimeter sized monolithic glass space-variant polarization...

A waveguide with a rectangular cross section that is composed entirely of dielectric materials.

A laser cavity, also known as an optical cavity or resonator, is a fundamental component of a laser system. It is a confined...

Optical noise refers to undesirable fluctuations or disturbances in an optical signal that can affect the quality or...

A method of applying antireflection coatings to optics that avoids the elevated temperatures normally used. A cold coating...

Extremely small organic and inorganic systems of molecules within a substance. In general, systems are colloidal size in...

Referring to compound semiconductor materials combining one element with two valence electrons and one or more with six....

In optics and photolithography, a phase mask refers to a device that modifies the phase of light waves passing through it....

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...

Sapphire crystal refers to a transparent, single-crystal form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) known as corundum. It is one of the...

Mie scattering, named after the German physicist Gustav Mie, refers to the scattering of electromagnetic radiation (such as...

Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...

A fiber optic cable assembly refers to a complete unit consisting of optical fibers, connectors, protective jackets, and...

The technology that deals with the interaction of organic materials with light and other forms of radiant energy whose...

Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...

A coating applied to a neutral density glass that is designed to reduce the amount of light evenly across the transmitted...

Sputtering equipment is machinery used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

Laser optics refers to a broad category of optical components and systems designed for manipulating and controlling laser...

A noncontact, nondestructive method of measuring defects in thin composite materials, using a xenon flashtube to generate...

Retroreflection is a phenomenon in optics where light is reflected back toward its source, typically in a direction nearly...

An accelerator at the Argonne National Laboratory, providing powerful x-ray beams for materials research applications.

An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a device used to modulate the amplitude, phase, or polarization of light waves using an...

Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...

An instrument used to detect radioactive materials: alpha particles or helium nuclei; beta particles or free electrons; and...

Calorimetry is a branch of science that involves the measurement of heat flow in physical or chemical processes. It...

A magnon is a quasiparticle representing a quantized spin wave in a magnetic material. In other words, it is a collective...

A coating made up of particular birefringent materials having polarizing properties. It may be used, in some cases, to...

Imaging materials that generally consist of a polyester base, a transparent electrically conductive layer and an organic...

Topological photonics is a branch of physics and optics that explores the application of topological concepts to the...

Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...

A well controlled thin films technique for growing films with good crystal structure in ultra high vacuum environments at...

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

The effect discovered by Faraday in 1845 whereby nonoptically active materials or substances become capable of rotating the...

Substances that exhibit the characteristics of both acids and bases and are capable of both P- and N-type conductivity.

A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...

Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...

The Weissenberg method, named after the German physicist Karl Weissenberg, is a technique used in x-ray crystallography for...

The photographic recording of an image formed by the alteration in electrical properties of the sensitive materials and...

An artificial material, engineered to have a negative refractive index value, such that light or any other form of...

Laser peening is a surface enhancement technique used to improve the mechanical properties of materials, particularly...

A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...

Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...

The region at the PN junction in a semiconductor radiation detector where the potential energies of the two materials create...

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...

A type of laser welding of thin materials using a defocused or low-power carbon dioxide laser beam. The energy is absorbed...

An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...

A method of thin-film deposition in which electrons boiled off a heated cathode are used to melt the coating material. If a...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

Flow chemistry, also known as continuous-flow chemistry, is a chemical manufacturing process where reactions take place in a...

A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...

Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies between 300 GHz and 10 THz, and existing between regions of the electromagnetic...

Functional materials refer to materials that possess specific properties or functionalities that make them suitable for...

Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of...

A YAG crystal refers to a solid-state crystal made of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), which is a synthetic crystalline...

A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....

Laser ablation is a process that involves the removal or erosion of material from a target surface using laser energy. This...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

Die bonding is a critical process in semiconductor manufacturing and microelectronics assembly, where a semiconductor die or...

Luminescence is the emission of light that occurs without the involved substance undergoing a significant increase in...

Optofluidics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from optics and fluidics to create devices and systems...

A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

Dichroism refers to the property of certain materials to exhibit different colors or absorbance of light depending on the...

Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...

Volumetric imaging refers to the capture, visualization, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) information from a volume of...

An optical component coated to reflect infrared radiation. Gold, silver and aluminum are typical coating materials.

A gelatinous fluid that can be used as a porous thin-film coating for optical components, including laser beam collimators,...

A scientific CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera is a type of digital camera specifically designed for...

A blackbody source, often simply referred to as a blackbody, is a theoretical or practical physical object that absorbs all...

A term describing an antireflection coating that may be applied to optics that cannot tolerate the high temperatures usually...

A cylindrical lens is an optical component that has different curvatures along its two orthogonal axes, resulting in a shape...

An astronomical mirror, also known as a telescope mirror or primary mirror, is a key component of a reflecting telescope. It...

The technology of manipulating light on a micro scale. In optical communications, this is usually accomplished using two or...

Anisotropy refers to the property of exhibiting different values or characteristics when measured in different directions....

Optic surface cleaning liquid that may be applied to glass, crystal, dielectric and metal surfaces; however, may not be...

Method for studying absorption coefficients of low-loss materials, in which a sample is allowed to come to thermal...

Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring substances. These...

A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...

Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...

MWIR stands for mid-wave infrared, referring to a specific range of wavelengths within the infrared spectrum. Infrared...

A Pockels cell, also known as an electro-optic modulator, is an optical device used to control the polarization of light by...

Liquid marble refers to a unique form of microscale liquid encapsulation, where small droplets of liquid are coated with a...

An antireflection coating (AR coating) is a thin film or coating applied to optical surfaces, such as lenses or windows, to...

Reactive evaporation refers to a process in thin-film deposition where a material is deposited onto a substrate through...

A fiber optic preform is a cylindrical glass rod or tube used as the starting material for manufacturing optical fibers. It...

Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...

The term photochemical pertains to chemical processes or reactions that are initiated or influenced by the absorption of...

The process of heating and slowly cooling a solid material, like glass or metal, to stabilize its thermal, electrical or...

Ultrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, typically above...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

Cathode radiant sensitivity refers to the ability of a photocathode to convert incident radiant energy, typically in the...

A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...

A sputtering target is a solid material used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

A measure of the relative difference in refractive index between two optical materials. Most commonly used in fiber optics...

The total fusion and sealing of materials, or usually an enclosure, to ensure that they are airtight.

The process of determining, with the aid of plane-polarized light, the stress distribution in materials under complex...

In the context of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing, a wafer refers to a thin, flat disk or substrate made of a...

A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...

Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique used to study the structural characteristics of chiral (asymmetric)...

A laser device intended for crushing urinary tract stones so they can be flushed from the body. Light is introduced via...

In the context of imaging, particularly digital imaging and printing, "orange peel" refers to a texture or visual distortion...

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

Optical phase distortion refers to a phenomenon where the phase of an optical wavefront is altered as it propagates through...

A telescope lens is a primary optical component of a telescope system that gathers and focuses light to form an image. It is...

An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...

The formation of microimages for microreduction. The technique is used, for example, in the production of precision reticles...

Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...

An aspheric lens is a type of lens whose surface profiles deviate from the traditional spherical shape. Unlike spherical...

Birefringence is an optical property of certain materials that causes them to exhibit different refractive indices for light...

Anisotropic is a term used to describe a material or substance that exhibits different properties or behaviors in different...

The conductivity increase exhibited by some nonmetallic materials, resulting from the free carriers generated when photon...

An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...

Laser marking is a process in which a laser beam is used to mark or engrave a surface by altering its properties or...

An edge-emitting light-emitting diode is a type of LED structure where light emission occurs primarily along the edge of the...

An arc flash is a sudden release of electrical energy due to an electric arc — a continuous, high-current discharge of...

Hyperspectral resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in the spectral information captured by a...

Short wavelength infrared (SWIR) refers to the portion of the infrared spectrum that encompasses wavelengths roughly between...

A polariscope with a half-shade device and an angular scale generally attached to the analyzer. It is used to measure the...

Nonlinear optics is a branch of optics that studies the optical phenomena that occur when intense light interacts with a...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

Transparent glassy and or crystalline structured materials engineered from inorganic, non-metallic materials via various...

Filtered light to which photographic or other photosensitive materials are not responsive; used to illuminate darkrooms when...

Particle acceleration refers to the process by which charged particles, such as electrons or protons, gain kinetic energy...

The properties of certain materials that cause them to have relative permeabilities that exceed unity. This permeability...

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...

Dispersion refers to the phenomenon where different wavelengths (colors) of light travel at different speeds when passing...

A microscope equipped with a polarizer, an analyzer and a Bertrand lens to focus on the upper focal plane of the objective....

Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...

Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...

The fundamental tool of microdensitometry, the microdensitometer is an instrument used for the precise measurement of...

A compound lens, the dimensions and materials of which have been so chosen that the lens is appreciably free of aberrations.

Rockwell hardness (Rc) refers to a method for measuring the hardness of a material, primarily metals, using an indentation...

Holographic tomography is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and tomography to provide three-dimensional...

An instrument used to test the hardness of various materials. It measures the pressure on a standard point that is necessary...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

A prism is a geometric optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light. It is typically a solid, transparent...

An absorption peak refers to a sharp increase or spike in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a particular...

Fluorescence lifetime refers to the average time it takes for a fluorophore, a molecule that absorbs light at one wavelength...

Broadband dielectric mirrors, also known as broadband mirrors, are optical coatings designed to efficiently reflect or...

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that uses a high-power...

Material hardness scale that is used to characterize the scratch resistance of various materials. This surface hardness...

An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...

A nanotube, also known as a nanotubule or simply a tube-like structure, is a nanoscale cylindrical structure composed of...

An optical gate typically refers to a device or system that controls the transmission of light, allowing it to pass through...

Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of...

A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) refers to a specific range of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum....

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

Etaloning is an optical phenomenon that occurs in imaging systems, particularly in devices such as spectrometers,...

In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from...

An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a high-resolution imaging and measurement instrument used in nanotechnology, materials...

In dry etching, a method of characterizing the composition of solid materials such as metal. Atoms in the OES technique are...

Coating carried out in a sealed chamber evacuated by a mechanical pump in series with an oil diffusion pump to a pressure...

A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...

A process that employs heat to remove polyimide plastic coatings from silica optical fibers and capillary tubing.

A bundle of filaments of optical glass or other transparent materials that transmit only light, not optical images. The...

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

The occurrence of very large rotations in transparent materials at weak magnetic fields as predicted in the classical...

Long-wave infrared (LWIR) refers to a specific range of the infrared spectrum. Infrared radiation is divided into three main...

The high-speed electrons and positrons emitted by radioactive materials.

The term perovskite refers to a specific crystal structure commonly found in various materials. Perovskite structures have a...

A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...

Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...

A room that is light-tight, permitting total darkness or illumination with a safelight when working with photosensitive...

In the field of optics and imaging, a mesoscope refers to an optical instrument that is designed to observe and capture...

A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...

Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...

Hydrophilic is a term used to describe substances or materials that have an affinity for water. The word hydrophilic comes...

The term reflective is an adjective that describes the ability of a surface or material to reflect light or other forms of...

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

An electromagnon is a quasiparticle excitation that combines aspects of both magnetism and electric polarization in a...

A threadlike inclusion within a blank of optical glass. Rarely found in quality optical materials.

An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...

The use of atoms, molecules and molecular-scale structures to enhance existing technology and develop new materials and...

Micro-optics refers to the design, fabrication, and application of optical components and systems at a microscale level....

A manufacturing process used to construct substrates for large optical components. Used with IR materials, planform bonding...

A quantum dot is a nanoscale semiconductor structure, typically composed of materials like cadmium selenide or indium...

Sapphire optical fiber is a type of optical fiber made from single-crystal sapphire, which is a form of aluminum oxide...

A lightproof box used for storing photosensitive materials.

A reticle, also known as a reticule or graticule, is a pattern or set of markings placed in the focal plane of an optical...

A microbubble resonator is a device used in photonics and optical physics for the precise manipulation of light waves. It...

An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...

Structural color refers to coloration in materials that is not caused by pigments or dyes but is instead a result of the...

The recording of the information contained in a modulated electron beam onto photographic or silicon resin-coated materials....

Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...

Infrared optics refer to optical components and systems designed to manipulate and control infrared (IR) light, which lies...

In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....

Brightfield refers to a type of microscopy and imaging technique in which the specimen is illuminated with a white light...

A photographic process using x-ray radiation or the g-rays of radioactive materials.

Of evaporative coatings, a condition resulting when small chunks of material fly from the hot crucible onto the substrate...