RGB stands for red, green, blue, which are the primary colors of light used in additive color mixing. The RGB color model is widely used in various electronic displays, such as computer monitors, television screens, digital cameras, and scanners. In...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

The photographic recording of an action by taking a series of still pictures at regular intervals throughout the action.

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...

A television system designed to obtain pictures of objects or scenes beneath the surface of the water. Generally, a...

An edge-emitting light-emitting diode is a type of LED structure where light emission occurs primarily along the edge of the...

Contraction of "picture element." See pixel.

A ground-based navigation beacon that emits pulsed signals which are picked up by aircraft making an instrument (blind)...

A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...

The reproduction of a picture or image, produced by scanning the image and converting it into electrical signals that carry...

A CMOS image sensor, short for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor, is a type of semiconductor device used...

A term referring to the cathode-ray tube used in television receivers.

In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....

Micro-LED (micro-light-emitting diode) refers to a technology that involves the use of very small light-emitting diodes to...

An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...

Modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) is a technique used in the fabrication of optical fibers. It is a specialized form...

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...

Ferroelectric materials are a type of dielectric materials that exhibit spontaneous electric polarization, meaning they...

An autocollimator is an optical instrument used for measuring small angular deviations with high precision. It operates on...

Concerned with the transmission and reception of both sight and sound. An audiovisual system communicates pictorial images...

The resulting interference pattern generated from moiré deflectometry, the moiré pattern is a pattern...

A wideband amplifier used to process video or picture information.

An electron microscope that uses a beam of electrons -- accelerated to high energy and focused on the sample -- to scan the...

1. To center an image or place it in any part of the television screen desired. Also applies to stills. 2. A single image of...

A laser with output over a wide range of wavelengths spanning the far-infrared region of the spectrum (30 to 1000 µm);...

A method used in imaging to detect subtle differences between two apparently similar pictures. It can be achieved by...

Flux per unit solid angle leaving a surface in any direction is proportional to the cosine of the angle between that...

Excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) refers to a medical procedure used in the treatment of coronary artery disease....

Handheld optical laser device containing a semiconductor or DPSS source. The output is corrected via internal collimating...

Pictorial information processing in which the processed picture shows a family of equidensity lines or bands coded with...

Laser-mediated gene transfer refers to a technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering that utilizes lasers to...

An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term...

Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...

A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...

A type of motion-picture camera in which single frames are photographed either automatically at a predetermined rate (as...

Spatial resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in an image or a spatial dataset. It is a measure of the...

An electron tube that is used as a camera tube for a television system. When the picture to be transmitted is focused on a...

Technique that uses high-pass filtering to reduce the local average to zero for all regions of the picture and then applies...

A crystal of microscopic size having no definite plane faces and having a globular shape. At the time the crystal is formed,...

Ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics to simulate the way light interacts with objects in a scene....

In fiber optics, a material whose properties, usually of transmission, are distinctly affected by the absorption of water...

A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...

Laser texturing is a manufacturing process that involves using a laser beam to selectively modify the surface of a material,...

A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...

The study of the transmission of radiant energy through crystals, especially anisotropic crystals, and their effects on...

A linear positioning stage, also known as a linear stage or translation stage, is a precision mechanical device used to...

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...

Light diffusion refers to the process by which light is scattered or spread out in various directions as it interacts with a...

A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

A near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the absorption, transmission, or reflection...

A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...

A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...

A breakout cable, also known as a fan-out cable or breakout assembly, is a type of cable that combines multiple individual...

A camera designed to form a continuous record of an expansive section of the horizon. The typical panoramic camera is...

1. The use of an electronic microdensitometer to measure points of equal density on a photographic deposit. 2. A technique...

The fundamental tool of microdensitometry, the microdensitometer is an instrument used for the precise measurement of...

A Risley prism, also known as a Risley prism pair or Risley rotating prism, is an optical device used for controlling the...

A system composed of a prism spectroscope and compound microscope to provide the visual comparison of two spectra...

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...

Laser annealing is a process that involves using a laser beam to heat and modify the microstructure of a material, typically...

A camera capable of making successive exposures on a continuous film driven by accurately spaced sprocket holes (a motion...

Filoviruses are a family of viruses that are responsible for severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and...

A television system in which the images produced appear three-dimensional.

A reagent is a substance or compound that is used in a chemical reaction to bring about a specific transformation or to...

A spectroscopic technique in which an excitation band absorbs laser energy resulting in an electronic transition. The...

An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...

The manual shifting bias control of a cathode-ray tube that determines both the average brightness and the contrast of a...

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...

An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a device used to modulate the amplitude, phase, or polarization of light waves using an...

Directed energy refers to a type of energy that is emitted and transferred in a controlled direction. The term is often...

Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex...

A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...

A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...

Machine vision, also known as computer vision or computer sight, refers to the technology that enables machines, typically...

A form of image intensifier designed to amplify a weak fluoroscopic image. The image is received at an input phosphor...

A photon sieve is an optical device used in the field of optics and imaging. It's designed to focus and shape light,...

A dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF) refers to a type of optical fiber designed to minimize the effects of chromatic dispersion,...

A telescopic eyepiece comprising five or six simple lenses in the form of three doublets or two doublets and a singlet.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive analytical technique that uses the near-infrared region of the...

A silicon photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is a type of photodetector...

Short wavelength infrared (SWIR) refers to the portion of the infrared spectrum that encompasses wavelengths roughly between...

Photographic recording that uses infrared radiation as the light source to form an image of a microscopic object and a...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...

In the context of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing, a wafer refers to a thin, flat disk or substrate made of a...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

MWIR stands for mid-wave infrared, referring to a specific range of wavelengths within the infrared spectrum. Infrared...

An image intensifier that consists of an evacuated tube with a large input phosphor screen at one end. The phosphor screen...

The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...

Micro-optics refers to the design, fabrication, and application of optical components and systems at a microscale level....

A microcomb, short for microresonator frequency comb, is a novel photonic device that generates a precise series of evenly...

A fiber optic preform is a cylindrical glass rod or tube used as the starting material for manufacturing optical fibers. It...

The methods and techniques used to obtain medical photographs of the human eye. To photograph the exterior of the eye,...

An ultrafast laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the order of...

Minimum object distance, often abbreviated as MOD, refers to the closest distance at which a camera lens or optical system...

Laser marking is a process in which a laser beam is used to mark or engrave a surface by altering its properties or...

A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...

Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique used to study the structural characteristics of chiral (asymmetric)...

A vibrational transition refers to a change in the vibrational energy of a molecule. Molecules consist of atoms that are...

A telescopic light-sensing meter used to measure illumination levels of small regions at a distance of many feet; it is used...

Depicting one of the two ends of an axis of rotation.

An APD detector, or avalanche photodiode detector, is a type of photodetector used to detect light or optical signals by...

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are substances or compounds used to enhance the thermal conductivity between two surfaces...

A group of related lines that represent transitions between two spectroscopic terms, each of which may be complex. Also in...

A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...

An atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) is an analytical instrument used to determine the concentration of specific chemical...

Multi-axis alignment refers to the process of aligning or adjusting components or systems in multiple spatial dimensions or...

An image-forming instrument in which a strong electrostatic field causes cold emission of electrons from a sharply rounded...

Frame rate refers to the frequency at which consecutive images, or frames, are displayed in a video sequence. It is...

In optics, an image is the reconstruction of light rays from a source or object when light from that source or object is...

An etalon is an optical device that consists of two parallel reflecting surfaces separated by a precise and known distance....

The term "metaverse" refers to a collective virtual shared space, created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical...

Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...

That viewpoint at which the angular subtenses of points in the picture are identical to angular subtenses of the original...

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

A microring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...

A microdisplay is a miniature electronic display technology that is designed to project visual information onto a small...

Vision in depth of three dimensions as a result of the spacing of the eyes. This spacing allows the eyes to see objects from...

A numerical value representing the degree of contrast in a television picture: the exponent of the power law used to...

Computer output in the form of pictorial representation (graphs, charts, drawings, etc.) that is displayed visually.

A retroreflector is an optical device or structure that reflects incident light or electromagnetic waves back to their...

A form of a stereoscopic microscope having paired objectives, prisms and eyepieces, and invented by H. Greenough.

A prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light. It usually has two parallel bases,...

An array of active optical devices (modulators, laser diodes and/or detectors), each of whose electrical inputs or outputs...

Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...

The use of a micromanipulator in combination with a microscope for the purposes of examining, dissecting, or the...

An optical barcode reader, commonly known as a barcode scanner, is a device that uses optical technology to capture and...

The perpendicular orientation of the molecular axes of the nematic molecules in a nematic crystal, relative to the electrode...

A device used to scan, with a small, intensely bright spot, portions of a picture surface and to transform the original...

A type of stereoscopic photography in which a pair of lenses focuses a pair of images, relative to the positions of the two...

An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...

In physics, the law of reversibility is often associated with the concept of reversibility in thermodynamics. The law...

Laser sintering is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that involves using a laser to selectively fuse...

A spectroscopic technique used in the detection of free radicals by virtue of their electronic spectra. In this method, an...

1. The continuous thin strip marked by the scanning beam. Generally, during return of the scan, the line is blanked out. 2....

A contraction for "texture element." A base unit used in computer graphics that defines the surface of three-dimensional...

Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from...

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is an optical device used to measure the phase difference between two collimated beams of...

A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...

1. A stereoscope that has adjustable scales to allow the determination of distances and dimensions from stereoscopic...

A lens is a transparent optical device that focuses or diverges light, allowing it to pass through and form an image. Lenses...

An electrowetting display (EWD) is a type of electronic display technology that utilizes the principles of electrowetting to...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a method of achieving nuclear fusion, a process where two atomic nuclei combine to...

The spectroscopic study of the radiation emitted by the lifetime of phosphorescence.

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...

An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...

An endoscopic surgical instrument that includes a channel for the introduction of supplementary instruments.

A device that provides means for accurately moving minuscule tools over the surface of a microscopic object. The motion...

A transparent crystalline substance that is anisotropic relative to the velocity of light.

In compact disc and CD-ROM technology, the portion of the drive that projects the laser light onto the surface of the media...

A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...

An optical system that rapidly alternates two similar pictures or scenes to permit the detection of small dissimilarities...

Lithography is a key process used in microfabrication and semiconductor manufacturing to create intricate patterns on the...

A type of stereoscopic photography in which the distance between the two view points is greater than the average...

Hyperspectral resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in the spectral information captured by a...

Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently...

That branch of metallurgy that uses electron microscopic techniques in the examination of the nature of metals.

See periscopic lens; rapid rectilinear lens.

Pixel binning, also known as pixel merging or pixel combining, is a technique used in digital imaging and camera technology....

A self-interference effect that generates random patterns; secondary speckle pattern (SSP) typically occurs in diffuse...

A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) is an electronic circuit that converts a time interval between two events into an...

A point cloud is a set of data points in a three-dimensional coordinate system, where each point represents a specific...

Rolling shutter artifacts are distortions or visual anomalies that can occur in images or videos captured by cameras with...

An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...

A molded lens is an optical lens manufactured using a molding process, typically involving the shaping of a material, such...

Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...

Free-space optics (FSO), also known as optical wireless communication or optical wireless networking, refers to the...

Phototherapy is a medical treatment that involves the use of light to treat various conditions, particularly those related...

In present usage, especially for spectroscopic identification, an arc between electrodes that serves as a radiation source....

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength-scale artificial structures, often referred to as meta-atoms or...

Vision by means of retinal rods; vision of the dark-adapted eye. In scotopic vision, the level of luminance is so low that...

Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) is a nonlinear optical method that allows imaging of biological cells and living...

The application of photography, with the exception of radiography, to obtain pictures of parts or the whole of a patient to...

The area closest to an aperture or source where the diffraction pattern differs substantially from that observed at an...

A mid-infrared camera is a type of imaging device designed to capture images in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range,...

A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...

Optoacoustic, or photoacoustic, refers to a phenomenon and related techniques that involve the generation of acoustic waves...

Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...

Line scan refers to a method of capturing images or data by scanning a single line at a time, as opposed to capturing the...

A general term referring to the situation in which an image is not a true-to-scale reproduction of an object. The term also...

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

Double-clad fiber (DCF) is a specialized optical fiber that features two concentric cladding layers surrounding a core. The...

A high-speed, narrow-field lens consisting of two achromats spaced about the aperture stop. Its uses include portrait...

Laser lithotripsy is a medical procedure that uses laser energy to break down or fragment stones in various parts of the...

Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of...

A waveguide is a physical structure or device that is designed to confine and guide electromagnetic waves, such as radio...

A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than...

The butt (edge to edge) splice of two pieces of film produced by a heat splicer that melts the edges together; used in...

A graphic depiction of the loci of all points in space relative to a laser transmitter at a specific altitude.

The use of retroreflective projection technology (RPT) to project a background image onto a masked object, such as a vehicle...

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

The unusual and anisotropic diamagnetic quality observed in particular crystals such as those composed of bismuth.

An antigen is any substance that is capable of triggering an immune response in an organism. Antigens are typically proteins...

A 3D profile sensor, also known as a 3D profiling sensor or 3D depth sensor, is a technology that is used to capture and...

A method used to compare two pictures of the same subject taken at different times. See image comparison.

Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...

Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...

A GRIN (gradient index) lens is a type of optical lens that utilizes a gradient in refractive index across its volume rather...

Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...

Proprietary name for a low-light-level TV pickup tube.

1. A framelike structure that serves to restrict the viewing area of the screen when placed before a television picture...

A microscopic crystal found in an intricately crystallized substance that is only visible under a microscope.

An instrument that produces an intense, tightly focused beam of ions to stimulate emissions from a minute section of a...

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...

An electronic flash tube in which the flash recurs at a frequency extending to many thousands per second. A stroboscopic...

The use of photographs -- motion picture or still -- to establish if a particular event exists.

A feature in the chromosphere of the sun formed by a jet of gas that reaches from the chromosphere into the corona and has...

A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel...

The observation of a reproduced television picture on the face of a cathode-ray tube.

A fiber optic transceiver, often simply referred to as an "optical transceiver," is a device used in fiber optic...

Very small phosphor particles present on the screen of a picture tube.

A small incandescent lamp whose intense beam is focused on the optical soundtrack of a motion picture film. The soundtrack...

Laser peening is a surface enhancement technique used to improve the mechanical properties of materials, particularly...

The method of acquiring characteristic x-ray spectra from microscopic samples by use of the combination of a scanning...

A mixed-signal oscilloscope (MSO) is a type of electronic test instrument that combines the capabilities of both a...

A method of measuring complex sequential photosynthetic reactions by varying the pulse time and wavelength of light...

Azimuthal polarization refers to a specific polarization state of light where the electric field vector of the...

An exaggerated depth appearance in stereo photographs caused by the lenses in the camera being farther apart than the eyes...

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to obtain high-resolution,...

Automated optical inspection (AOI) is a technology used in manufacturing processes, particularly in electronics, to...

In the SI system, prefix meaning 10-12.

The point spread function (PSF) is a fundamental concept in imaging that describes the response of an imaging system to a...

Anisotropy refers to the property of exhibiting different values or characteristics when measured in different directions....

The maximum number of users who are using a given communication channel. Typically, the number of users at any given time is...

To transform a picture or image field into a television signal for transmission.

The exact mathematical description of the interactions of matter and intense electromagnetic fields, such as those that...

An aptamer is a short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule that can bind to a specific target molecule with high affinity...

A small xenon-filled tube with metal electrodes fused into the ends. The gas flashes brilliantly when a condenser is...

Holmium lasers are a type of medical laser that utilizes holmium-doped crystals as the gain medium. The term holmium laser...

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

A direct-readout television pickup tube.

Nanopositioning refers to the precise and controlled movement or manipulation of objects or components at the nanometer...

A fluoroscope equipped with a magnified, fine-grained fluorescent screen to determine the fluorescence emitted by a...

A low-power telescope with a wide field of view, typically attached to a higher power telescope with a narrower field of...

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), is a manufacturing process that builds three-dimensional objects...

The use of high temperatures, between 2000 and 3000 °C, to excite emission lines from a sample in spectroscopic...

A holographic grating is a type of diffraction grating that is produced using holographic recording techniques. It consists...

Optical coatings are thin layers of materials applied to optical components, such as lenses, mirrors, filters, and prisms,...

In interlaced television scanning, an effect in which the lines of one field fail to fall exactly within the lines of the...

The first nonlinear theory in plasma physics that details the time and space evolution of plasma wave instability from a...

Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

A band of light that appears along the outer edge of a transparent material under microscopic investigation and that moves...

In a microscope, the physical distance between the focal points of the objective lens and the eyepiece. The standard tube...

A rangefinder used to determine the height or altitude of aerial targets by means of optical triangulation. The device...

A term used to denote a difference in magnification along mutually perpendicular meridians. Anamorphic systems are basically...

The level of the television picture signal that corresponds to the maximum limit of black peaks.

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...

The process whereby pitch is broken and the lenses or blanks are removed from the block.

A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the intensity of light at various wavelengths in the...

A ray that has a nonisotropic speed in a doubly refracting crystal. It does not necessarily obey Snell's law upon refraction...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, single-stranded RNA molecules, typically consisting of about 19 to 24 nucleotides,...

Anisotropic is a term used to describe a material or substance that exhibits different properties or behaviors in different...

One or more optical elements – typically cemented together - in an optical system that are treated as a single group;...

A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...

Typically used for the examination of manufactured or engineered parts, an optical gauging device, in which a backlight is...

A lamp that yields a nonluminous flame; used in the spectroscopic analysis of radiation emitted by a substance placed in the...

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) refers to a technology that converts heat energy into electricity using the principles of...

Intravital microscopy is an imaging technique used to visualize biological processes within living organisms, typically in...

A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...

In image acquisition (and sampling theory), the postulate that the pickup sampling frequency must be a minimum of twice as...

Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...

Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...

A spectrum that displays the distribution in mass or in mass-to-charge ratio of ionized atoms, molecules or molecular parts....

Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies between 300 GHz and 10 THz, and existing between regions of the electromagnetic...

A still or motion-picture camera designed to photograph through a microscope. Photomicrographic equipment usually contains a...

Typically represented by the Greek letter μ, magnetic permeability is the measure of a material's ability to generate and...

An image consisting of an array of pixels that can have more than two values (black and white). Typically, up to 16 levels...

Retroreflection is a phenomenon in optics where light is reflected back toward its source, typically in a direction nearly...

A small half-shade analyzer placed in the eyepiece of a polarimeter to determine the character of the polarized light...

A galvanometric scanner, also known as a galvanometer scanner or galvo scanner, is a type of optical scanning device used to...

The spectroscopic analysis of optical line shapes and frequency shifts, using the technique of light beating; i.e., the...

A cathode-ray tube that serves as a picture tube in a television receiver. The signal representing the picture intensity is...

A detector-Dewar assembly typically refers to a combination of a detector and a Dewar flask used in scientific instruments,...

A color filter, generally used in photography, to emphasize certain color tones and to modify others in a picture for a more...

The technique of generating ultrashort -- down to subpicosecond -- pulses by pumping a dye laser with mode-locked laser...

A glow discharge lamp consisting of a cold cathode and a mixture of inert gases. The intensity of illumination varies with...

Ellipsometry is an optical technique used to characterize the properties of thin films and surfaces. It is based on the...

Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...

A pulse having extremely short duration, about 10-13 to 10-10 s, that is produced by mode locking of wide-bandwidth lasers,...

High harmonic generation (HHG) refers to a nonlinear optical process in which intense laser light interacts with a gaseous...

Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...

A laser using a dye solution as its active medium. Its output is a short pulse of broad spectral content and its achievable...

An imaging device originally created to image whole mouse brain volumes at microscopic resolution. The main component of the...

The successive analysis or synthesizing of the light values or other similar characteristics of the components of a picture...

Brightfield refers to a type of microscopy and imaging technique in which the specimen is illuminated with a white light...

A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

Holography is a technique used to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images using the principles of interference and...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

Broadband dielectric mirrors, also known as broadband mirrors, are optical coatings designed to efficiently reflect or...

Microscopic investigation of two-dimensional areas of a three-dimensional object that can be quantitatively evaluated by...

An optical gate typically refers to a device or system that controls the transmission of light, allowing it to pass through...

A discharge lamp filled with deuterium to produce high-intensity ultraviolet radiation for use in spectroscopic analysis.

Carbonization is a process in which organic materials are heated in the absence of air, leading to the decomposition of the...

A Kerr soliton refers to a specific type of soliton, a self-reinforcing wave packet, that arises in nonlinear optical...

The maximum distance at which the stereoscopic effect may be observed. With respect to the unaided human eye, it has been...

Introduced into the laser beam from localized fluctuations in current density within the plasma itself. These fluctuations...

Attosecond photonics sources refer to devices or systems that generate extremely short pulses of light on the order of...

A powerful and flexible machine-learning approach that can be used in machine vision to help solve difficult problems....

An optical table, also known as an optical bench or an optical breadboard, is a specialized platform used in optics...

Off-axis paraboloid and ellipsoid mirrors are specialized optical components used in various optical systems, particularly...

A camera equipped with angular scales in altitude and azimuth. The scale readings are imprinted on the film when an exposure...

Optical noise refers to undesirable fluctuations or disturbances in an optical signal that can affect the quality or...

Cathode radiant sensitivity refers to the ability of a photocathode to convert incident radiant energy, typically in the...

The combination of the audio and visual signals that are transmitted and received at the same time, correlating the scene...

Radiographic recording and enhancement of the micoscopic details within the structure of thin specimens at a high...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics and biomedical research to obtain...

The spectroscopic study of radiation emitted by the process of fluorescence.

An eyepiece used in a polariscope or polarizing microscope to give a comparison view of the same object under illumination...

Ultrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, typically above...

Photochromic refers to a property exhibited by certain materials, typically organic compounds or dyes, which undergo...

A CCD that has been reduced in thickness by etching so that light passes through the back layers of the CCD. This type of...

A polariton is a quasiparticle resulting from the strong coupling between photons (light particles) and certain types of...

The formation of a picture or image in which the density gradients in a volume of flow are rendered visible. The image is...

The spectroscopic analysis of interference patterns using a monochannel spectrometer, spectrograph or multichannel...

Lidar, short for light detection and ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances and...

A camera tube widely used in television broadcasting. It consists of three sections within a single vacuum envelope. 1. A...

Low Earth orbit (LEO) refers to a region in space that is relatively close to Earth's surface, typically characterized by...

Long-wave infrared (LWIR) refers to a specific range of the infrared spectrum. Infrared radiation is divided into three main...

An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...

Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...

Micro-optical coherence tomography (micro-OCT) is an imaging technique that is an adaptation of optical coherence tomography...

A high-resolution spectroscopic device commonly used in the early 20th century as a component of double-beam...

A photograph reduced to the microscopic scale and stored on a microfilm as seen with microfiches for the purpose of storing...

A MEMS fiber optic switch is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device designed to selectively route optical signals...

In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...

A photographic emulsion of the silver-halide type that is used to record the path of a charged traveling particle. The...

Enhanced picture archiving and communication system (PACS) display (ePAD) is a software tool used in medical imaging to...

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

A camera equipped with a lens and a long length of perforated film, the latter being moved intermittently between exposures...

A microscope that allows examination of a small crystal and conveniently provides linearly polarized object and reference...

1. In optics, the bending of light rays toward each other, as by a convex or positive lens. 2. Turning in the eyes to view a...

The light flash, produced in flash photolysis, that is triggered within a second discharge tube by the third electrode. It...

A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...

A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...

An astronomical telescope is a type of optical instrument designed to gather and magnify light from distant celestial...

A microlens array is a grid-like structure composed of numerous small lenses, typically arranged in a regular pattern. Each...

Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of...

Vision at intermediate levels of luminance between photopic and scotopic vision, where both retinal cones and retinal rods...

A single number, defined by the computer program or the user that expresses the performance of an optical system. Also known...

A device designed to enlarge the image of a microscopic object by television process. It may be a flying spot scanner that...

State typically studied in liquid crystals in which the dielectric coefficient parallel to the director is less than the...

Two stars so close together that they cannot be resolved by telescopes. They are proved to be double stars by the doubling...

With respect to television, that part of a color television circuit that combines the I, Q and Y signals, and changes them...

Parallel scanning refers to a method of acquiring data or images simultaneously from multiple sources or in parallel, rather...

Photometry is the branch of science that deals with the measurement of light, particularly in terms of its intensity and the...

A laser cavity, also known as an optical cavity or resonator, is a fundamental component of a laser system. It is a confined...

A binocular microscope designed for the viewing of stereo pairs. As these stereoscopic image pairs are seen through a...

Pixel pitch refers to the distance between the centers of two adjacent pixels on a display screen or imaging sensor. It is...

An optical component coated to reflect infrared radiation. Gold, silver and aluminum are typical coating materials.

In the context of thin film deposition processes such as evaporation or sputtering, masks are used to selectively deposit...

A laser skin-resurfacing method that creates microscopic thermal wounds referred to as microscopic treatment zones (MTZs),...

An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...

Rockwell hardness (Rc) refers to a method for measuring the hardness of a material, primarily metals, using an indentation...

A colorimeter is a device used to measure and quantify the color characteristics of an object or a light source. It provides...

Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...

An analytical technique used to determine, identify and localize impending malfunctions. It is based upon quantitative and...

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...

Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...

A reflection grating is an optical component that consists of a series of closely spaced, parallel reflecting surfaces or...

The technique of making motion pictures.

The holographic recording of a microscopic specimen whereby magnification is achieved by alteration in a wavelength or...

Laser drift typically refers to a phenomenon where the frequency or wavelength of a laser source gradually changes over...

QLED stands for quantum dot light-emitting diode. QLED is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are...

Hydrophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or do not readily interact with water. The word...

A scanning technique in which the object is illuminated the entire time, and in which picture elements of the object are...

A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...

A network interface card (NIC), also known as a network adapter or LAN adapter, is a hardware component that allows...

Optical fiber is a thin, flexible, transparent strand or filament made of glass or plastic used for transmitting light...

Freeform mirrors refer to reflective optical components that deviate from traditional symmetric or rotationally symmetric...

In optical fiber, sharp but microscopic curvatures that create local axial displacements of a few microns and spatial...

Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring substances. These...

A Peltier cooler, also known as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) or thermoelectric module, is a solid-state device that uses...

Cinematography performed with the use of a microscope to film the actions of microscopic specimens.

An image with variations in density due to the differential scattering ability of microscopic bubbles in a transparent layer.

In biology, particularly genetics and evolutionary biology, the phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits...

MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...

A hygroscopic powder used in the photographic process.

An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...

The measurement of the spectrum bands formed by a spectroscopic sample, based on the differences between the sample and the...

Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...

A mirror mount is a mechanical device used to secure and precisely position mirrors in optical systems. Mirrors are...

A device containing an electro-optic crystal and using the Pockels effect. A voltage applied across the crystal generates...

Characteristic of an object so small in size or so fine in structure that it cannot be seen by the unaided eye. A...

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a technique used in additive manufacturing, specifically in the field of 3D printing. It...

A coupling mechanism designed to quickly lock a connector into an adaptor or a lens into a lens mount. Typically coupling is...

A small instrument containing a picture support and a pair of magnifying lenses so arranged that the left eye sees only the...

A discharge tube filled with various gases and used as a source in spectroscopy.

CID, or charge injection device, camera refers to a type of imaging device that utilizes a specific kind of solid-state...

Vision by means of retinal cones; color vision. Relatively high levels of luminance are required for photopic vision.

A motion-picture camera that can be advanced one frame at a time, either randomly or at set intervals. Used in animation and...

The spectroscopic analysis of interference patterns using an electronic imaging tube with a Fabry-Perot interferometer to...

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves using a laser to excite molecules or atoms,...

Chalcogenide refers to a class of compounds containing elements from group 16 of the periodic table, which includes sulfur...

An atomic clock is a highly precise timekeeping device that uses the vibrations or oscillations of atoms as a reference for...

The conversion of a still picture into sound waves and its subsequent transmission by radio.

The state of a carrier signal that corresponds to maximum picture brightness in a television system.

An infrared light source is a device that emits light in the infrared spectrum, which lies beyond the visible spectrum of...

Photogrammetry is a technique used to obtain accurate three-dimensional measurements of objects and environments through the...

An instrument designed to give precise and rapid detection of changes in tumor growth as well as the location of small...

Adaptive optics (AO) is a technology used to improve the performance of optical systems by reducing the effects of...

A pair of telescopes with prismatically erected images, mounted side by side with the eyepieces at the interocular distance...

The angular spectrum approach is a mathematical and computational technique used in the field of optics to analyze and...

The behavior of microscopic solid particles suspended in a fluid, first observed by botanist Robert Brown in 1827 as a...

In optics and photonics, "phase" refers to a property of electromagnetic waves, such as light, that describes the position...

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to measure and analyze the optical...

A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...

The discernment of depth or apparent difference in distance that causes the object to stand out from its background because...

Used in halftone screens to change the fundamental sampled spatial frequency of the halftoned picture, as well as varying...

A plasma accelerator is a type of particle accelerator that uses electric fields and magnetic fields to accelerate charged...

In a crystal, its subdivision into polyhedral blocks of macroscopic sizes, with discontinuities contained in the lattice...

A microspectroscope equipped with a sensing and recording device, such as a camera, to measure the spectrum formed by...

Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital information, typically in the form of computer-generated...

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical technique used to detect changes in blood volume in tissues. It...

In aerial photography, the ratio derived from a stereoscopic pair of photographs that represents the air-base length divided...

A metalens, short for "metasurface lens," is a type of optical lens that uses nanostructured materials to manipulate light...

High-modulus elastic fibers that exhibit the following differences from conventional elastic fibers: Increasing temperature...

The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...

A device that measures the spatial distribution of energy perpendicular to the propagation path of a radiant beam. An energy...

RTSP, or real-time streaming protocol, is a network control protocol designed for controlling streaming media servers. It is...

A monochromator is an optical instrument used to isolate and select a narrow range of wavelengths from a broader spectrum of...

A laser in which the transition involved in stimulated emission of radiation takes place between two levels of an ionized...

A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...

A photovoltaic cell, commonly known as a solar cell, is a semiconductor device that directly converts light energy into...

A CMOS camera refers to an imaging device that employs a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor to...

Designating any instrument in which both eyes can be used to view the image to achieve a stereoscopic effect, or merely to...

A cylindrical convex viewing mirror used for viewing distorted pictures formed by photographing the reflections of the...

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry to obtain IR spectra of samples....

Literally, neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet. A cylindrical rod of yttrium-aluminum-garnet doped with neodymium that is the...

A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...

A broadband, visible picosecond probe pulse capable of measuring an entire absorption spectrum in one shot.

LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of...

A spectroscopic technique used to display the intensity of an optical pulse as functions of time and frequency...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

A photon-counting instrument for use in both space-borne and ground-based photometric and spectroscopic instrumentation....

the photography of very close, and typically small objects with a magnification of approximately 1:1

A Fresnel lens is a type of optical lens that consists of a series of concentric grooves or steps carved into a flat, thin...

A device utilizing an electron beam for the observation and recording of submicroscopic samples with the aid of photographic...

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

A fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna (FCPA) is a type of optoelectronic device that combines a photoconductive antenna...

Having a longer axis that is relatively vertical.

Micro-robotics refers to the field of robotics that involves the design, development, and application of miniature robotic...

The transmission of photographic images or pictures by radio waves.

Whole slide imaging (WSI), also known as virtual slide microscopy or digital pathology, is a technology that involves the...

A well plate, also known as a microplate or microtiter plate, is a flat plate with multiple small wells or depressions...

Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...

A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite characterized by its standardized size and modular design. CubeSats are...

Q-switched operation, or q-switching, is a technique used in lasers to produce short and intense pulses of light. The term...

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a superresolution microscopy technique that enables imaging of...

A spectroscopic technique that combines the high chemical specificity of Raman scattering and signal sensitivity provided by...

Gain-switching is a technique used in lasers to generate short pulses of light by modulating the gain of the laser medium....

In an optical waveguide,- typically a multimode fiber - the distortion resulting from differential mode delay, i.e. axial...

In optics, an octave typically refers to a range of frequencies or wavelengths that spans a factor of 2. In other words,...

Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...

The use of a short-duration electron beam to record high-speed events that occur in microscopic objects made of materials...

Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) is a technique used in laser physics to amplify ultrashort laser pulses to high energies...

An otoscope is a medical device used by healthcare professionals, particularly ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists,...

Photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in photolithography processes, particularly in the fabrication of...

The holographic recording of sequences of high-speed phenomena. With a multiple beam laser, multiple holograms that depict...

Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...

Meta-optics, also known as metasurface optics or flat optics, is a branch of optics that involves the design, fabrication,...

A reflecting prism that is rhomboidal in shape. It has two parallel transmitting faces, and two parallel reflecting faces;...

1. An optical device used for projection of enlarged images of transparencies or lantern slides on a screen. 2. A device...

Linear receive optics typically refers to the optical components and systems used in the reception (detection) of linearly...

Computerized lens design algorithm that permits the lens MTF characteristic to be included and controlled during the...

The photographic recording of a subject that exhibits luminescence only for an extremely short time (10-8 s) after the...

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a molecular biology technique used to rapidly amplify specific DNA or RNA...

A lens blank is a piece of optical material in a raw, unfinished state, typically in the form of a disk or block, from which...

The entrance slit, also known simply as the slit, is an essential component in optical instruments such as spectrometers and...

Ratio of the radiant flux at a particular wavelength lm to that at any other wavelength l, such that both radiations produce...

A sheet of plastic material containing microscopic crystals of herapathite or some other similar substance that transmits...

Particle acceleration refers to the process by which charged particles, such as electrons or protons, gain kinetic energy...

An optical clock is a highly precise and advanced timekeeping device that relies on the oscillations of electromagnetic...

An alexandrite laser is a solid-state laser that utilizes a synthetic crystal made from the rare earth element alexandrite...

A dichroic mirror, also known as a dichroic beamsplitter or interference filter beamsplitter, is an optical device that...

A linear or two-dimensional matrix of individual detector elements, typically used at the focus of an imaging system.

Photovoltaic (PV) refers to a technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductors. The term...

Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a precision optics polishing technique used for shaping and finishing optical surfaces...

A fiber optic cable assembly refers to a complete unit consisting of optical fibers, connectors, protective jackets, and...

The photographing of objects within generally inaccessible areas using endoscopes with camera attachments.

Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...

An excited energy state of an atom or atomic system that has a longer lifetime than the ordinary excited state and typically...

A 2D profile sensor is a type of sensor used in various industrial and technological applications to measure and capture...

In chemistry, a halide refers to a chemical compound containing one or more halogen atoms bonded to another element. The...

A method of studying the chemical and physical properties of atoms and molecules (typically living tissue and chemical...

A corner cube, also known as a corner reflector or retroreflector prism, is a type of optical device used to reflect light...

Harmonic generation refers to a nonlinear optical process in which incoming photons interact with a material and produce new...

The electrostatic field acting locally within a crystal as a result of the microscopic arrangement of atoms and ions in the...

In photography, the technique of taking multiple pictures of the same subject at different exposures to compensate for...

Designed to observe objects below the surface of water. Not to be confused with hygroscopic.

A telescopic eyepiece that produces a field of view between 40° and 50°. The eyepiece consists of a single element...

Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...

The induced birefringence in isotropic gases that results when the gases are placed in strong fields.

A rangefinder similar to a pair of binoculars with a long base, a dot or other wander mark provided in each eyepiece field,...

A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....

Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...

In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...

A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...

Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment or experience that can be...

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...

The picture area scanned per second.

A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...

A microbubble resonator is a device used in photonics and optical physics for the precise manipulation of light waves. It...

The term "Rydberg atom" refers to an atom in a highly excited state where one or more of its electrons are in a Rydberg...

An electronic flash tube capable of repeated operation at hundreds or thousands of flashes per second for long periods.

The photographing of a scene from positions corresponding to the locations of both eyes. A viewing device is used to present...

An assembly of optical fibers that will not transmit coherent images or information because the relationship of the fibers...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used molecular biology technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA...

Ultraviolet reflectance refers to the ability of a material or surface to reflect UV light. Ultraviolet light is...

A connection, typically made up of one or more cables, between a laser head and a separate power supply. Flexible pipes or...

Mode-locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of picoseconds,...

A spectrum that originates from molecules and that is composed of bands which, in turn, consist of many closely spaced...

Interferometric modulator display (IMOD) is a type of display technology used in electronic devices, known for its energy...

An automatic surface-generating process involving the removal of a material from a given surface. Optical milling typically...

Blaze height typically refers to a parameter in the context of diffraction gratings, which are optical devices consisting of...

Also known as RAMP microscopy, random access multiphoton microscopy is a microscopic technique that uses multiple...

A camera that uses an image converter tube in such a way that voltage waveforms applied to internal electrodes cause the...

In the field of optics and imaging, a mesoscope refers to an optical instrument that is designed to observe and capture...

A transparent crystalline substance that displays the same optical properties (i.e. refractive index) in all directions such...

A wedge-shaped piece of quartz typically found in a polarimeter to monitor and rotate the plane of polarization of plane...

Structural color refers to coloration in materials that is not caused by pigments or dyes but is instead a result of the...

Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method of secure communication that utilizes principles from quantum mechanics to...

Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...

A term used to describe a photograph, film or television picture where the values for black and white areas are at or near...

A kinescope used to survey the details of television video transmission.

Two simple meniscus lenses arranged symmetrically on either side of the aperture stop, providing reduced coma, lateral color...

A dichroic coating, also known as a dichroic filter or dichroic mirror, is an optical coating designed to selectively...

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...

A pulsed interferometer that permits the continuous quantitative mapping of the surface deformation of an adaptive optical...

Corrected for distortion.

A fiber optic end plate constructed by drawing a bundle of parallel fibers embedded in glass and cutting it into thin...

An imaging process in which the single opening of a simple pinhole camera is replaced with many openings called,...

A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...

A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...

The picture formed by the scanning beam of electrons in a scanning electron microscope.

An optical assembly refers to a collection of optical components that are carefully arranged and aligned to perform a...

Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical...

A linear image sensor is a type of solid-state electronic device used to capture and convert light into electrical signals....

A coherent fiber bundle (CFB), also known as a coherent fiber optic bundle, is an assembly of multiple optical fibers...

The continuous record containing the series of pictures formed by chronophotographic methods.

The term light field refers to the spatial distribution of light rays traveling in all directions through a given space. It...

The arc formed when the rare gas xenon is excited electrically and emits a brilliant white light. Xenon is used to fill...

An optical fiber that can be used to amplify an optical input. Erbium rare earth ions are added to the fiber core material...

When a stereo pair of images is switched so that the right eye sees the left image and the left eye the right, the stereo...

A long-pass filter is an optical filter that allows longer wavelengths of light to pass through while blocking or...

A material that is present or added to a sample undergoing spectroscopic analysis, to serve as an intensity reference for...

A custom optic refers to an optical component that is designed, manufactured, and tailored to meet specific requirements or...

A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an optical device that modulates or manipulates the amplitude, phase, or polarization of...

The length of the small space within which the atmosphere exhibits coherence, particularly in relation to an observer on...

A step-by-step method of reducing the amount of data in a digital video signal to transmit or store a high-quality image....

An instrument used to record sound, pictures or both on a magnetic tape for storage and playback.

In a microscope, the diaphragm located between the Bertrand lens and the eyepiece, which is closed during conoscopic viewing...

Optical fiber optic switches are devices used in optical fiber communication systems to selectively route optical signals...

STED microscopy, or stimulated emission depletion microscopy, is a superresolution imaging technique in fluorescence...

The diagnostic procedure that uses ultrasonic energy to probe the body and, with the help of laser beams, a reflecting...

Sizable enough to be perceived by the unaided eye.

A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...

A photomask, also known simply as a mask or reticle, is a key component in the photolithography process used in...

A quantum dot is a nanoscale semiconductor structure, typically composed of materials like cadmium selenide or indium...

The laser output refers to the generated and emitted light produced by a laser system. This output is characterized by...

An achromat, in the context of optics, refers to a type of lens or lens system designed to reduce chromatic aberration....

The science that deals with the measurement of optical absorbance (i.e. optical densities) over microscopic areas of a given...

An absorption peak refers to a sharp increase or spike in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a particular...

An image that is reversed contour or inside-out.

A Nernst glower, also known simply as a Nernst lamp or Nernst filament, is a type of incandescent lamp or radiant heater...

In computer graphics, the coordinated two-dimensional or three-dimensional area of increased resolution where graphics...

An astronomical mirror, also known as a telescope mirror or primary mirror, is a key component of a reflecting telescope. It...

Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...

A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...

Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by the presence of suspended particles. These...

A holographic camera, also known as a holographic imaging system or holographic recorder, is a specialized device used to...

A display format consisting of small light-emitting elements arranged as a two-dimensional array. Various elements are...

A mount that uses a floating suspension and a motor-driven gyroscope to keep a motion picture or still camera at a set angle...

An Er:YAG laser is a type of solid-state laser that uses a crystal made of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet...

Diamond turning, also known as diamond machining or diamond cutting, is a precision machining process used to produce...

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...

GigE, short for gigabit Ethernet, refers to a standard for high-speed Ethernet communication, capable of transmitting data...

Remote inspection refers to the process of inspecting, evaluating, or monitoring assets, equipment, infrastructure, or...

In field-sequential color television, the rotating tricolor disc placed between the subject and the lens, or between the...

The array of methods used in the transmission and reception of pictures and images with a three-dimensional appearance.

A photographic camera designed to produce reproduction film of visual information (pictures, line drawings, graphs) for...

Photolithography is a key process in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and...

The term perovskite refers to a specific crystal structure commonly found in various materials. Perovskite structures have a...

With respect to pictorial displays, the ratio of the width to the height. The television standard in the US is 4:3....

Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...

A variation of tomography, which is a means of visualizing any one of a large set of parallel planes in the patient. A...

Histology is the branch of biology and medicine that involves the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs...

Birefringence is an optical property of certain materials that causes them to exhibit different refractive indices for light...

Equipment that supports microscopic live-cell imaging by managing the gas, media perfusion, temperature and other factors to...

The ray that has an isotropic speed and maintains a uniform polarization in all propagation directions when traveling in a...

An electrophoretic display, often referred to as an electronic paper display or e-paper display, is a type of electronic...

A spectroscopic process that detects and analyzes the discharge from an extrinsic surface with less than bandgap light. This...

A mirror blank refers to the initial piece of material from which a mirror is made. It is typically a flat or slightly...

A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...

Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found primarily in the retinas of vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, as well...

An instrument that employs the interference of lightwaves to measure the accuracy of optical surfaces; it can measure a...

Hyperchromic shift refers to an increase in the absorption of light, leading to a higher absorbance, often observed in...

A neuromorphic vision sensor is a type of imaging device designed to mimic the structure and functioning of the human visual...

Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a group of super-resolution microscopy techniques that surpass the...

An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...

Germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) refers to a specific range of UV radiation that has disinfectant properties capable of killing...

That property of a material that determines that velocity of propagation within the material is the same for all directions.

The coupled pairs of electrons that carry supercurrents through the body of a superconductor, relative to a coherent...

A cylindrical lens is an optical component that has different curvatures along its two orthogonal axes, resulting in a shape...

Optical design software refers to specialized computer programs used by optical engineers, physicists, and designers to...

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced optical imaging technique used in microscopy to enhance the...

1. Calculated distance between two exactly opposed points on a beam at a chosen fraction of peak power (typically 1/e2). 2....

A telescopic system having an eyepiece, a reticle and an objective. The instrument measures wavefront power in diopters.

Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...

A type of geometrical distortion that brings about a trapezoidal display of a nominally rectangular picture. Usually...

An emission spectrum is a graphical representation or a characteristic pattern of the wavelengths or frequencies of light...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...

The distortion that is the result of viewing a print from a point other than the center of perspective. The center of...